Contrast and depth enhancement in two-photon microscopy of human skin ex vivo by use of optical clearing agents

Optics Express

Volumn 13, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 2337-2344

  Cicchi, R ^a   Pavone, F S ^a   Massi, D ^b   Sampson, D D ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); FLUORESCENCE; GLYCOLS; LIGHT PROPAGATION; MEDICAL IMAGING; MULTIPHOTON PROCESSES; PHOTONS; PROPYLENE; SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION; TISSUE;

HYPEROSMOTIC AGENTS; LIGHT PROPAGATION IN TISSUES; OPTICAL CLEARING AGENTS (OCA); TWO-PHOTON MICROSCOPY;

SKIN;

EID: 21244441043     PISSN: 10944087     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OPEX.13.002337     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. W. F. Cheong, S. A. Prahl, and A. J. Welch, "A review of the optical properties of biological tissues," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26, 2166-2185 (1990)
2. rd Edition, (Oxford University Press, New York), 1999
3. H. Liu, B. Beauvoit, M. Kimura, and B. Chance, "Dependence of tissue optical properties on solute-induced changes in refractive index and osmolarity," J. Biomed. Opt. 1, 200-211 (1996)
4. V. V. Tuchin, I. L. Maksimova, D. A. Zimnyakov, I. L. Kon, A. H. Mavlutov, and A. A. Mishin, "Light propagation in tissue with controlled optical properties," J. Biomed. Opt. 2, 401-417 (1997)
5. G. Vargas, E. K. Chan, J. K. Barton, H. G. Rylander, and A. J. Welch, "Use of an agent to reduce scattering in skin," Lasers in Surg. and Med. 24, 133-141 (1999)
6. W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, "Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscope," Science 248, 73-76 (1990)
7. A. K. Dunn, V. P. Wallace, M. Coleno, M. W. Berns, B. J. Tromberg, "Influence of optical properties on two-photon fluorescence imaging in turbid samples," Appl. Opt. 39, 1194-1201 (2000)
8. M. Gu, X. Gan, A. Kisteman, M. G. Xu, "Comparison of penetration depth between two-photon excitation and single-photon excitation in imaging through turbid tissue media," Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1551-1553 (2000)
9. E. Beaurepaire, M. Oheim, and J. Mertz, "Ultra-deep two-photon fluorescence excitation in turbid media," Opt. Commun. 188, 25-29 (2001)
10. B. R. Masters, P. T. C. So, and E. Gratton, "Multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy of in vivo human skin," Biophys. J. 72, 2405-2412 (1997)
11. B. R. Masters and P. T. C. So, "Confocal microscopy and multi-photon excitation microscopy of human skin in vivo," Opt. Express 8, 2-10 (2001)
12. K. König and I Riemann, "High-resolution multiphoton tomography of human skin with subcellular spatial resolution and picosecond time resolution," J. Biomed. Opt. 8, 432-439 (2003)
13. Y. He and R. K. Wang, "Dynamic optical clearing effect of tissue impregnated with hyperosmotic agents and studied with optical coherence tomography," J. Biomed. Opt. 9, 200-206 (2004)
14. A. T. Yeh, B. Choi, J. S. Nelson, and B. J. Tromberg, "Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissue," J. Invest. Dermatol. 121, 1332-1335 (2003)
15. A. F. Zuluaga, R. Drezek, T. Collier, R. Lotan, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, "Contrast agents for confocal microscopy: how simple chemicals affect confocal images of normal and cancer cells in suspension," J. Biomed. Opt. 7, 398-403 (2002)
16. I. V. Meglinski, A. N. Bashkatov, E. A. Genina, D. Y. Churmakov, and V. V. Tuchin, "The enhancement of confocal images of tissue at bulk optical immersion," Laser Physics 13, 65-69 (2003)
17. L. Sacconi, I. M. Tolic-Nørrelykke, R. Antolini, and F. S. Pavone, "Combined intracellular three-dimensional imaging and selective nanosurgery by a nonlinear microscope," J. Biomed. Opt. 10 (1), (2005)
18. X. Wang, T. E. Milner, M. C. Change, and J. S. Nelson, "Group refractive index measurement of dry and hydrated type I collagen films using optical low-coherence reflectometry," J. Biomed. Opt. 1, 212-216 (1996)
19. R. K. Wang, X. Xu, V. V. Tuchin, and J. B. Elder, "Concurrent enhancement of imaging depth and contrast for optical coherence tomography by hyperosmotic agents," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 948-953 (2001)
20. R. Barer, "Refractometry and interferometry of living cells," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 47, 545-556 (1957)
21. G. Vargas, K. F. Chan, S. L. Thomsen, A. J. Welch, "Use of osmotically active agents to alter optical properties of tissue: Effects on the detected fluorescence signal measured through skin," Lasers in Surg. and Med. 29, 213-220 (2001)