Earth's free oscillations excited by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake

Science

Volumn 308, Issue 5725, 2005, Pages 1139-1144

  Park, Jeffrey ^a   Song, Teh Ru Alex ^b   Tromp, Jeroen ^b   Okal, Emile ^c   Stein, Seth ^c   Roult, Genevieve ^d   Clevede, Eric ^d   Laske, Gabi ^e   Kanamori, Hiroo ^b   Davis, Peter ^e   Berger, Jon ^e   Braitenberg, Carla ^f   Van Camp, Michel ^g   Lei, Xiang'e ^h   Sun, Heping ^h   Xu, Houze ^h   Rosat, Severine ⁱ  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c Department of Geological Sciences ^*  (United States)

^d INSTITUT DE PHYSIQUE DU GLOBE DE PARIS   (France)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE   (Italy)

^g ROYAL OBSERVATORY OF BELGIUM   (Belgium)

^h Chinese Academy of Sciences   (China)

ⁱ NATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY OF JAPAN   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EARTH (PLANET); GEOLOGY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OSCILLATIONS; SEISMOLOGY; SURFACE WAVES;

FAULT MECHANISM; GEODETIC DISPLACEMENT; SEISMIC MOMENT; SEISMIC OBSERVATION;

EARTHQUAKES;

EARTHQUAKE; TSUNAMI;

EARTHQUAKE; GEOGRAPHY; ISLAND (GEOLOGICAL); MAGNETIC FIELD; MEASUREMENT; OSCILLATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

INDIAN OCEAN; OCEANIC REGIONS; WORLD;

EID: 21044439958     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1112305     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. G. Ekström, A. M. Dziewonski, N. N. Maternovskaya, M. Nettles, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 148, 327 (2005).
2. Harvard CMT solutions can be accessed at www. seismology.harvard.edu/ CMTsearch.html.
3. S. Stein, E. Okal, Nature 434, 581 (2005).
4. C. J. Ammon et al., Science 308, 1133 (2005).
5. T. Lay et al., Science 308, 1127 (2005).
6. F. Gilbert, A. M. Dziewonski, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 278, 187 (1975).
7. R. Buland, J. Berger, F. Gilbert, Nature 277, 358 (1979).
8. R. J. Geller, S. Stein, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 69, 1671 (1979).
9. J. P. Davis, Geophys. Res. Lett. 12, 141 (1985).
10. D. Giardini, X. Li, J. H. Woodhouse, Nature 325, 405 (1987).
11. M. Ritzwoller, G. Masters, F. Gilbert, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 6369 (1988).
12. R. Widmer, G. Masters, F. Gilbert, Geophys. J. Int. 104, 541 (1991).
13. G. Laske, G. Masters, Nature 402, 66 (1999).
14. M. Ishii, J. Tromp. Science 285, 1231 (1999).
15. G. Roult, E. Clevede, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 121, 1 (2000).
16. F. A. Dahlen, J. Tromp, Theoretical Global Seismology (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1998). A spherical reference model describes a nonrotating planet whose stress-strain relation is elastic and either is isotropic or else exhibits anisotropy with a radial axis of symmetry.
17. J. H. Woodhouse, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 61, 261 (1980).
18. F. A. Dahlen, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 66, 1 (1981).
19. J. Park, F. Gilbert, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 7241 (1986).
20. P. Lognonne, B. Romanowicz, Geophys. J. Int. 102, 365 (1990).
21. G. Backus, F. Gilbert, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 47, 362 (1961).
22. F. A. Dahlen, R. V. Sailor, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc 58, 609 (1979).
23. H. V. Benioff, F. Press, S. W. Smith, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 605 (1961).
24. N. F. Ness, J. C. Harrison, L. B. Slichter, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 621 (1961).
25. L. E. Alsop, G. H. Sutton, M. Ewing, J. Geophys. Res. 66, 631 (1961).
26. S. W. Smith, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 1183 (1966).
27. G. Masters, J. Park, F. Gilbert, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 10285 (1983).
28. W. Zürn, G. Laske, R. Widmer, F. Gilbert, Geophys. J. Int. 143, 113 (2000).
29. B. A. Romanowicz, D. Giardini, Science 293, 2000 (2001).
30. More information is available online at www.fdsn.org.
31. J. Park et al., Eos 86, 57 (2005).
32. R. Butler et al., Eos 85, 225 (2004).
33. More information is available online at www.iris.edu.
34. J. Park et al., Seism. Res. Lett. 76, 329 (2005).
35. G. Roult et al., Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 113, 25 (1999).
36. More information is available online at http://geoscope. ipgp.jussieu.fr.
37. N. R. Goulty, G. C. P. King, A. J. Wallard, Nature 246, 470 (1973).
38. B. A. Bolt, R. G. Currie, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 40, 107 (1975).
39. M. Zadro, C. Braitenberg, Earth Sci. Rev. 47, 151 (1999).
40. The Grotta Gigante pendulum tiltmeter recorded both the 1960 Chile and the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquakes.
41. M. Van Camp, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 116, 81 (1999).
42. K. Nawa et al., Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 120, 289 (2000).
43. X. Lei, H. Xu, H. Sun, Chin. Sci. Bull. 47, 1573 (2002).
44. K. M. Larson, P. Bodin, J. Gomberg, Science 300, 1421 (2003); published online 15 May 2003 (10.1126/science.1084531).
45. Free oscillations may be resolvable if GPS data from a global network are stacked and corrections for second-order ionospheric effects remove biases that are spatially broad; see (58).
46. 2 is 81.2% that computed from the seismometer response alone.
47. W = 8.4) was not high enough to allow the observation of hybridized toroidal modes on the vertical seismic components, but they are evident for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.
48. T. C. Hanks, H. Kanamori, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 2343 (1979).
49. S. Stein, M. Wysession, An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure (Blackwell Scientific, Malden, MA, 2003).
50. M. Ishii, P. Shearer, H. Houston, J. Vidale, Nature, in press.
51. R. Bilham, E. R. Engdahl, N. Feldl, S. P. Satyabala, Seism. Res. Lett., in press.
52. Synthetics are computed according to normal-mode perturbation theory (16). Perturbations from a spherical nonrotating Earth model, such as rotation, ellipticity, and lateral heterogeneity are included. We adopt mantle model S20RTS (53) and crustal model crust2.0 (54) to account for lateral heterogeneity. The latest estimates of spheroidal and toroidal eigenfrequencies and quality factors are used in the calculation (55). Modal splitting and coupling due to rotation, ellipticity, and lateral heterogeneity are accounted for on the basis of a group coupling scheme using 36 subgroups of 117 modes below 3 mHz (56).
53. J. Ritsema, H. J. van Heijst, Sci. Prog. (New Haven) 83, 243 (2000).
54. C. Bassin, G. Laske, G. Masters, Eos 81 (Fall Meeting Suppl.), F897 (abstr. S21A-03) (2000).
55. The Reference Earth Model Web site is at http://mahi.ucsd.edu/Gabi/rem. html.
56. A. Duess, J. Woodhouse, Geophys. J. Int. 146, 833 (2001).
57. R. Pillet, N. Florsch, J. Hinderer, D. Rouland, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 84, 161 (1994).
58. S. Kedar, G. A. Hajj, B. D. Wilson, M. B. Heflin, Geophys. Res. Letts., 30, 1829, doi:10.1029/2003GL017639 (2003).
59. W. Züm, R. Widmer, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 3537 (1995).
60. M. Van Camp, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 116, 81 (2000).
61. S. Rosat, J. Hinderer, L. Rivera, Geophys. Res. Let., 30, 2111, doi:10.1029/2003GL018304 (2003).
62. This work was supported in part by NSF. Seismic waveform data from the Global Seismographic Network (funded by NSF and U.S. Geological Survey) were obtained from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Management System. Seismic waveform data was also obtained from the Geoscope Program (IPGP France) and the Southern California Earthquake Center.