Long-term variation of the polar wind velocity and its implication for the ion acceleration process: Akebono/suprathermal ion mass spectrometer observations

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 109, Issue A9, 2004, Pages

  Abe, Takumi ^a   Yau, Andrew W ^b   Watanabe, Shigeto ^c   Yamada, Manabu ^c   Sagawa, Eiichi ^d  

^a JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^c HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Ion acceleration; Ion outflow; Ionosphere magnetosphere coupling; Plasma temperature and density; Polar cap; Thermal plasma

Indexed keywords

EID: 21044438425     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003JA010223     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Abe, T., B. A. Whalen, A. W. Yau, S. Watanabe, E. Sagawa, and K. I. Oyama (1993a), Altitude profile of the polar wind velocity and its relationship to ionospheric conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2825-2828.
2. Abe, T., B. A. Whalen, A. W. Yau, R. E. Horita, S. Watanabe, and E. Sagawa (1993b), EXOS D (Akebono) suprathermal mass spectrometer observations of the polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 11,191-11,203.
3. Abe, T., S. Watanabe, B. A. Whalen, A. W. Yau, and E. Sagawa (1996), Observations of polar wind and thermal ion outflow by Akebono/SMS, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 48, 319-325.
4. Axford, W. I. (1968), The polar wind and the terrestrial helium budget, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6855-6859.
5. Banks, P. M., and T. E. Holzer (1968), The polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 6846-6854.
6. Barakat, A. R., and R. W. Schunk (1983), O+ Ions in the polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 7887-7894.
7. Brinton, H. C., J. M. Grebowsky, and H. G. Mayr (1971), Altitude variation of ion composition in the mid-latitude trough region: Evidence for upward plasma flow, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3738.
8. Cannata, R. W., and T. I. Gombosi (1989), Modeling the solar cycle dependence of quiet-time ion upwelling at high geomagnetic latitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1141-1144.
9. Chandler, M. O. (1995), Observations of downward moving O+ in the polar topside ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5795-5800.
10. Chandler, M. O., J. H. Waite Jr., and T. E. Moore (1991), Observations of polar ion outflows, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1421-1428.
11. Chappell, C. R., T. E. Moore, and J. H. Waite Jr. (1987), The ionosphere as a fully adequate source of plasma for the Earth's magnetosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5896-5910.
12. Cully, C. M., E. F. Donovan, A. W. Yau, and G. G. Arkos (2003), Akebono/Suprathermal Mass Spectrometer observations of low-energy ion out-flow: Dependence on magnetic activity and solar wind conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 108(A2), 1093, doi:10.1029/2001JA009200.
13. Curtis, S. A., W. R. Hoegy, L. H. Brace, and J. D. Winningham (1985), Cusp altitudinal electron temperature gradient: Dynamics Explorer 2 implications for heating mechanisms, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4415-4419.
14. Demars, H. G., and R. W. Schunk (2001), Seasonal and solar cycle variations of the polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8157-8168.
15. Demars, H. G., and R. W. Schunk (2002), Three-dimensional velocity structure of the polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A9), 1250, doi:10.1029/2001JA000252.
16. Dessler, A. J., and F. C. Michel (1966), Plasma in the geomagnetic tail, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 1421.
17. Drakou, E., A. W. Yau, and T. Abe (1997), Ion temperature measurements from the Akebono suprathermal mass spectrometer: Application to the polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17,523-17,539.
18. Ganguli, S. B. (1996), The polar wind, Rev. Geophys., 34, 311-348.
19. Hoffman, J. H. (1970), Studies of the composition of the ionosphere with a magnetic deflection mass spectrometer, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 4, 315.
20. Hoffman, J. H., and W. H. Dodson (1980), Light ion concentrations and fluxes in the polar regions during magnetically quiet times, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 626-632.
21. Hoffman, J. H., W. H. Dodson, C. R. Lippincott, and H. D. Hammack (1974), Initial ion composition results from the ISIS 2 satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4146-4151.
22. Horwitz, J. L., J. H. Waite Jr., and T. E. Moore (1985), Supersonic ion outflows in the polar magnetosphere via the geomagnetic spectrometer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 757-760.
23. Khazanov, G. V., M. W. Liemohn, and T. E. Moore (1997), Photoelectron effects on the self-consistent potential in the collisionless polar wind J. Geophys. Res., 102, 7509-7521.
24. Kletzing, C. A., F. S. Mozer, and R. B. Torbert (1998), Electron temperature and density at high latitude, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14,837-14,845.
25. Lemaire, J. (1972), Effect of escaping photoelectrons in a polar exospheric model, Space Res., 12, 1413.
26. Lockwood, M., J. H. Waite Jr., T. E. Moore, C. R. Chappell, and M. O. Chandler (1985a), The cleft ion fountain, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9736-9748.
27. + ions near the dayside polar cap boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4099-4116.
28. Loranc, M., W. B. Hanson, R. A. Heelis, and J. P. St. Maurice (1991), A morphological study of vertical ionospheric flows in the high-latitude F region, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3627.
29. Marubashi, K. (1970), Escape of the polar-ionospheric plasma into the magnetospheric tail, Rep. Ionos. Space Res. Jpn., 23, 322-346.
30. Nagai, T., J. H. Waite Jr., J. L. Green, C. R. Chappell, R. C. Olsen, and R. H. Comfort (1984), First measurements of supersonic polar wind in the polar magnetosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 669-672.
31. Nishida, A. (1966), Formation of plasmapause, or magnetospheric plasma knee, by the combined action of magnetospheric convection and plasma escape from the tail, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 5669-5679.
32. Ogawa, Y., R. Fujii, S. C. Buchen, S. Nozawa, S. Watanabe, and A. P. van Eyken (2000), Simultaneous EISCAT Svalbard and VHF radar observations of ion upflows at different aspect angles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 81-84.
33. Pollock, C. J., M. O. Chandler, T. E. Moore, J. H. Waite Jr., C. R. Chappell, and D. A. Gumett (1990), A survey of upwelling ion event characteristics, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18,969.
34. Schunk, R. W., and J. J. Sojka (1997), Global ionosphere-polar wind system during changing magnetic activity, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11,625-11,651.
35. Shelley, E. G., R. G. Johnson, and R. D. Sharp (1972), Satellite observations of energetic heavy ions during a geomagnetic storm, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 6104.
36. E altitude, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 2279-2296.
37. Su, Y. J., J. L. Horwitz, T. E. Moore, B. L. Giles, M. O. Chandler, P. D. Craven, M. Hirahara, and C. J. Pollock (1998b), Polar wind survey with the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment/Plasma Source Instrument suite aboard POLAR, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 29,305-29,337.
38. Tam, S. W. Y., F. Yasseen, and T. Chang (1995), Self-consistent kinetic photoelectron effects on the polar wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2107-2110.
39. Tam, S. W. Y., F. Yasseen, and T. Chang (1998), Further development in theory/data closure of the photoelectron-driven polar wind and day-night transition of the outflow, Ann Geophys., 16, 948-968.
40. Wahlund, J.-E., H. J. Opgenoorth, I. Haggstrom, K. J. Winser, and G. O. L. Jones (1992), EISCAT observations of topside ionospheric ion outflows during auroral activity: Revisited, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3019-3037.
41. Watanabe, S., B. A. Whalen, and A. W. Yau (1992), Thermal ion observations of depletion and refilling in the plasmaspheric trough, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1081-1096.
42. Whalen, B. A., J. R. Burrows, A. W. Yau, E. E. Budzinski, A. M. Pilon, I. Iwamoto, K. Marubashi, S. Watanabe, H. Mori, and E. Sagawa (1990), The suprathermal ion mass spectrometer (SMS) for the Akebono (EXOS-D) spacecraft, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., 42, 511-536.
43. Yau, A. W., and M. André (1997), Source of ion outflow in the high latitude ionosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 80, 1 -25.
44. Yau, A. W., B. A. Whalen, T. Abe, T. Mukai, K. I. Oyama, and T. Chang (1995), Akebono observations of electron temperature anisotropy in the polar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17,451-17,464.
45. Zeng, W., J. L. Horwitz, B. A. Stevenson, X.-Y. Wu, Y.-J. Su, P. D. Craven, F. J. Rich, T. E. Moore, and J.-N. Tu (2001), Near-simultaneous Polar and DMSP measurements of the topside ionospheric field-aligned flows at high latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29,601.