Comparison of moving bed dryers of solids operating in parallel and counterflow modes

Drying Technology

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 1003-1025

  Saastamoinen, Jaakko J ^a  

^a VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

Air drying; Mathematical model; Particles; Steam drying; Wood chips

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DRYING; EVAPORATION; FLOW OF FLUIDS; FLUE GASES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION;

COUNTERFLOW MODES; DRYING RATE EQUATIONS; MASS FRACTION; MOVING BED DRYERS;

DRYERS (EQUIPMENT);

DRYING; MOVING BED REGIME;

DRIERS; DRYING; EVAPORATION; FLUID FLOW; HUMIDITY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOISTURE;

EID: 20844438177     PISSN: 07373937     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/DRT-200059132     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Luikov, A.V. Systems of differential equations of heat and mass transfer in capillary-porous bodies. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1975, 18, 1-14.
2. Whitaker, S. Simultaneous Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer in Porous Media: A Theory of Drying. Advances in Heat Transfer, Vol. 13; Academic Press: New York, 1977; 119-203.
3. Masmoudi, W.; Prat, M. Heat and mass transfer between a porous medium and a parallel external flow. Application to drying of capillary porous materials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1991, 34 (8), 1975-1989.
4. Ilic, M.; Turner, I.W. Convective drying of a consolidated slab of wet porous material. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1989, 32 (12), 2351-2362.
5. De Vries, D.A. The theory of heat and moisture transfer in porous media revisited. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1987, 30 (7), 1343-1350.
6. Wang, Z.H.; Chen, G. Heat and mass transfer during low intensity convection drying. Chemical Engineering Science 1999, 54, 3899-3908.
7. Tsotsas, E. Measurement and modelling of intraparticle drying kinetics: A review. In Drying '92; Mujumdar, A.S., Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1992; Part A, 17-41.
8. Hallström, A.; Wimmerstedt, R. Drying of porous granular materials. Chemical Engineering Science 1983, 38 (9), 1507-1516.
9. Keey, R.B.; Suzuki, M. On the characteristic drying curve. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1974, 17, 1455-1464.
10. Ratti, C.; Mujumdar, A.S. Fixed-bed batch drying of shrinking particles with time varying drying air conditions. Drying Technology 1993, 11 (6), 1311-1335.
11. Ratti, C.; Mujumdar, A.S. Simulation of packed bed drying of foodstuffs with airflow reversal. Journal of Food Engineering 1995, 26, 259-271.
12. Ratti, C.; Crapiste, G.H. A generalized drying curve for shrinking food material. In Drying'92; Mujumdar, A.S., Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1992; 864-873.
13. Suzuki, M.; Keey, R.B.; Maeda, S. On the characteristic drying curve. AIChE Symposium Series 1977, 73 (163), 47-56.
14. Khan, J.A.; Beasley, D.E.; Alatas, B. Evaporation from packed bed of porous particles into superheated vapor. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1991, 34 (1), 267-280.
15. Saastamoinen, J.; Richard, J.-R. Simultaneous drying and pyrolysis of solid fuel particles. Combustion and Flame 1996, 106, 288-300.
16. Chen, P.; Pei, D.C. A mathematical model of drying processes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1989, 32 (2), 297-310.
17. Perre, P.; Moser, M.; Martin, M. Advances in transport phenomena during convective drying with superheated steam and moist air. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1993, 36 (11), 2725-2746.
18. Shusheng, P.; Keey, R.B.; Langrish, T.A.G. Modeling the temperature profiles within boards during the high-temperature drying of Pinus radiata timber: The influence of airflow reversals. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1995, 38 (2), 189-205.
19. Shusheng, P.; Langrish, T.A.G.; Keey, R.B. Moisture movement in softwood timber at elevated temperatures. Drying Technology 1994, 12 (8), 1897-1914.
20. Saastamoinen, J.J.; Impola, R. Drying of solid fuel particles in hot gases. Drying Technology 1995, 13 (5-7), 1305-1315.
21. McIntosh, M.J. Mathematical model of drying in a brown coal mill system. 1. Formulation of model. Fuel 1976, 55, 47-52.
22. McIntosh, M.J. Mathematical model of drying in a brown coal mill system. 2. Testing of model. Fuel 1976, 55, 53-58.
23. Lyczkowski, R.W.; Chao, Y.-T. Comparison of Stefan model with two-phase model of coal drying. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1984, 27 (8), 1157-1169.
24. Chen, Z.; Wu, W.; Agarwal, P.K. Steam drying of coal. Part 1. Modelling the behavior of a single particle. Fuel 2000, 79, 961-973.
25. Belhamri, A. Characterization of the first falling rate period during drying of porous material. Drying Technology 2003, 21 (7), 1235-1252.
26. Sieniutycz, S. Lumped parameter modelling and an introduction to optimization of one-dimensional nonadiabatic drying systems. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1984, 27 (11), 1971-1983.
27. Pakowski, Z.; Mujumdar, A.S. Basic process calculations in drying. In Handbook of Industrial Drying; Mujumdar, A.S., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1987; 83-129.
28. Sclünder, E.-U. Drying of porous material during the constant and the falling rate period: A critical review of existing hypotheses. Drying Technology 2004, 22 (6), 1517-1532.
29. Stanish, M.A.; Schajer, G.S.; Kayihan, F. A mathematical model of drying for hygroscopic porous material. AIChE Journal 1986, 32 (8), 1301-1311.
30. Di Blasi, C. Multi-phase moisture transfer in the high-temperature drying of wood particles. Chemical Engineering Science 1998, 53 (2), 353-366.
31. Perré, P.; Martin, M. Drying at high temperature of sapwood and heartwood: Theory, experiment and practical consequence on kiln control. Drying Technology 1994, 12 (8), 1915-1941.
32. Fyhr, C.; Rasmuson, A. Some aspects of the modelling of wood chips drying in superheated steam. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1997, 40 (12), 2825-2842.
33. Johansson, A.; Fyhr, C.; Rasmuson, A. High temperature convective drying of wood chips with air and superheated steam. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1997, 40 (12), 2843-2858.
34. Plumb, O.A.; Spolek, G.A.; Olmstead, B.A. Heat and mass transfer in wood during drying. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1985, 28 (9), 1669-1678.
35. Gigler, J.J.; van Loon, W.K.P.; Vissers, M.M.; Bot, G.P.A. Forced convective drying of willow chips. Biomass and Biocnergy 2000, 19, 259-270.
36. Sheikholeslami, R.; Watkinson, A.P. Drying of wood residues in a fixed bed. In Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media; Kakaç, S., et al., Eds.; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Amsterdam, 1991; 673-693.
37. Saastamoinen, J.; Impola, R. Drying of biomass particles in fixed and moving beds. Drying Technology 1997, 15 (6-8), 1919-1929.
38. Yrjölä, J.; Saastamoinen, J.J. Modelling and practical operation results of a dryer for wood chips. Drying Technology 2002, 20 (6), 1073-1095.
39. Keey, R.B. Drying of Loose and Particular Materials; Hemisphere: New York, 1992.
40. Pabis, S.; Jayas, D.S.; Cenkowski, S. Grain Drying; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1998.
41. Cenkowski, S.; Jayas, D.S.; Pabis, S. Deep-bed grain drying-A review of particular theories. Drying Technology 1993, 11 (7), 1553-1581.
42. Barrozo, M.A.S.; Souza, A.M.; Costa, S.M.; Murata, V.V. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer between air and soybean seeds in a concurrent moving bed. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 2001, 36 (4), 393-400.
43. Valença, G.C.; Massarani, G. Grain drying in countercurrent and concurrent gas flow-Modelling, simulation and experimental tests. Drying Technology 2000, 18 (1-2), 447-455.
44. Felipe, C.A.S.; Barrozo, M.A.S. Drying of soybean seeds in a concurrent moving bed: Heat and mass transfer and quality analysis. Drying Technology 2003, 21 (3), 439-456.
45. Barrozo, M.A.S.; Murata, V.V.; Costa, S.M. The drying of soybean seeds in countercurrent and concurrent moving bed dryers. Drying Technology 1998, 16 (9-10), 2033-2048.
46. Moraitis, C.S.; Akritidis, C.B. Optimal operation of a concurrent-flow corn dryer with a drying heat pump using superheated steam. Drying Technology 1998, 16 (6), 1271-1280.
47. Laine, J. Properties of Gases for Process Calculations (in Finnish), Otatieto Oy, Espoo 1996.
48. Saastamoinen, J. Model of flash drying. In Drying'92; Mujumdar, A.S., Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1992; Part A, 434-443.
49. Malling, G.F.; Thodos, G. Analogy between mass and heat transfer in beds of spheres: contributions due to end effects. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1967, 10, 489-498.
50. Din, F., Ed. Thermodynamic Functions of Gases, Vol. 3, Butterworths Scientific Publications: London, 1961.
51. Mayinger, F.; Grigull, U. Viskosität und Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Wasserdampfs. Neue internationale Rahmentafeln und ihre Auswertung. BWK 1964, 17, 53-60.
52. Rivlin, S.L.; E.A. Kremenevskaya, S.L. Equations of state of water and steam for computer calculations for process and equipment at power stations. Teploenergetika 1977, 24 (3), 69-73.
53. Saastamoinen, J. Heat exchange between two moving beds by fluid flow. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2004, 47 (6-7), 1535-1547.
54. Ergun, S. Fluid flow through packed columns. Chemical Engineering Progress 1952, 48, 89-94.