Trade and cultural diversity: An Australian perspective

Prometheus: Critical Studies in Innovation

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 227-237

  Papandrea, Franco ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Cultural diversity; Cultural exception; GATS; Trade; UNESCO

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL INFLUENCE; GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES; SOCIAL POLICY; UNITED NATIONS;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 20844434496     PISSN: 08109028     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08109020500085718     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. This article is an updated version of a paper originally prepared for presentation to the Association for Cultural Economics International Conference, Chicago, 2-5 June 2004.
2. T. Morphett, Speaker at 'The Price of Being Australian Conference', 1987, quoted in Australian Broadcasting Tribunal, Oz Content: An Inquiry into Australian Content on Commercial Television, Report Vol. 1, Australian Broadcasting Tribunal, Sydney, 1991 (at the time, Tony Morphett was the President of the Australian Writers Guild).
3. I. David, President, Australian Writers Guild (AWG), in the AWG, Submission to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee Inquiry into the General Agreement on Trade in Services and an Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, 2003, http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/ committee/FADT_CTTE/gats/submissions/sub40.doc.
4. C. Hoskins and R. Mirus, 'Reasons for US dominance in the international trade in television programmes', Media Culture and Society, 10, 4, 1988, pp. 499-505.
5. D. Throsby, Economics and Culture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
6. Australia Council for the Arts, Public Attitudes to the Arts: 1992, Australia Council for the Arts, Sydney, 1993.
7. F. Papandrea, Cultural Regulation of Australian Television Programs, Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics, Occasional Paper 114, AGPS, Canberra, 1997.
8. WTO (World Trade Organization), 'Communication from the United States: audiovisual and related services', Council for Trade in Services Special Session, S/CSS/W/21, Doc. No. 005551, 18 December 2000, http:// www.wto.org.
9. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), 'Implications of the WTO agreement on basic telecommunications', paper by Trade Directorate, Directorate for Financial, Fiscal and Enterprise Affairs, Joint Group on Trade and Competition, COM/TD/DAFFE/CLP(99)12/ FINAL, OECD, Paris, 1999, available at: http://applil.oecd.org/olis/ 1999doc.nsf/LinkTo/com-td-daffe-clp(99)12-final.
10. Universal service obligations generally refer to regulatory obligations for the provision of a defined level of telecommunications services at an affordable price to everyone in a country that wishes to have the service. This involves subsidisation of unprofitable services.
11. WTO (World Trade Organization), Telecommunications Services: Reference Paper, 1996, http://applil.oecd.org/olis/1999doc.nsf/ LinkTo/com-td-daffe-clp(99)12-final.
12. P. Messerlin, 'Regulating culture: has it "gone with the wind"', in Productivity Commission and Australian National University, Achieving Better Regulation of Services, Conference Proceedings, Ausinfo, Canberra, 2000, pp. 287-318.
13. High Court Australia, Project Blue Sky v Australian Broadcasting Authority, HCA 28, 1998.
14. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement: the outcome on local content requirements in the audiovisual sector', Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement Backgrounders, 2004, http://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/negotiations/us_fta/ backgrounder/audiovisual.html.
15. The Music Council of Australia, an organisation representing music industry interests is a member of INCD.
16. See submissions to the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee Inquiry into the General Agreement on Trade in Services and an Australia-US Free Trade Agreement Senate by the Australian Coalition for Cultural Diversity (submission No. 109) and Australian Film Commission (Submission No. 155), http:/www.aph.gov.au/ Senate/committee/FADT_CTTE/completed_inquiries/2002-04/gats/submissions/ sublist.htm.
17. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 'Australian intervention on negotiating proposal on audiovisual services: CTS Special Session, July 2001', 2001, http://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/negotiations/services/ audio_visual_neg_proposal.html.
18. Australian Film Commission, Foreign Film and Television Drama Production in Australia: A Research Report, Australian Film Commission, Sydney, 2002.
19. Australia Council for the Arts, Cultural Trade: Background Report, Australia Council, Sydney, 2002, available at: http://www.ozco.gov.au/ arts_resources/publications/cultural_trade_background_report/files/395/ cultural_trade.pdf.
20. F. Papandrea, 'Resolving conflict between cultural and trade policies: the case of Australian content on television', Prometheus, 16, 4, 1998, pp. 499-512.
21. Australian Screen Directors Association, 'Free trade agreement-Australia's cultural industries lose out?', ASDA, AWG, MEAA and SPAA joint Media Release, 10 February 2004, http:// www.asdafilm.org.au/.
22. Australian Film Commission, op. cit.
23. The agreement came into force on 1 January 2005.