Ambivalence, information, and electoral choice

American Political Science Review

Volumn 99, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 169-184

  Basinger, Scott J ^a   Lavine, Howard ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 20744452879     PISSN: 00030554     EISSN: 15375943     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0003055405051580     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Abramowitz, Alan I. 1981. "Choices and Echoes in the 1978 U.S. Senate Elections: A Research Note." American Journal of Political Science 25 (February): 112-18.
2. Abramowitz, Alan I. 1985. "Economic Conditions, Presidential Popularity, and Voting Behavior in Midterm Congressional Elections." Journal of Politics 47 (February): 31-43.
3. Alvarez, R. Michael. 1998. Information and Elections. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
4. Alvarez, R. Michael, and John Brehm. 1995. "American Ambivalence towards Abortion Policy: Development of a Heteroskedastic Probit Model of Competing Values." American Journal of Political Science 39 (4): 1055-82.
5. Alvarez, R. Michael, and John Brehm. 2002. Hard Choices, Easy Answers: Values, Information, and American Public Opinion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6. Bargh, John A., Shelly Chaiken, R. Govender, and Felicia Pratto. 1992. "The Generality of the Automatic Attitude Activation Effect." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 (June): 893-912.
7. Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
8. Canes-Wrone, Brandice, David W. Brady, and John F. Cogan. 2001. "Out of Step, Out of Office: Electoral Accountability and House Members' Voting." American Political Science Review 96 (March): 127-40.
9. Carmines, Edward G., and James A. Stimson. 1980. "The Two Faces of Issue Voting." American Political Science Review 74 (March): 78-91.
10. Cover, Albert D. 1977. "One Good Term Deserves Another: The Advantage of Incumbency in Congressional Elections." American Journal of Political Science 21 (August): 523-41.
11. Davidson, Roger, and Walter Oleszek. 2001. Congress and Its Members. 8th Ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
12. Delli Carpini, Michael X., and Scott Keeter. 1996. What Americans Know About Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
13. Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.
14. Eagly, Alice H., and Shelly Chaiken. 1993. The Psychology of Attitudes. New York: Harcourt Brace.
15. Erikson, Robert S., Michael B. MacKuen, and James A. Stimson. 2001. The Macro Polity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
16. Feldman, Stanley, and John Zaller. 1992. "The Political Culture of Ambivalence: Ideological Response to the Welfare State." American Journal of Political Science 36 (February): 268-91.
17. Fiorina, Morris P. 1974. Representatives, Roll Calls, and Constituencies. Lexington, MA: DC Heath.
18. Fiorina, Morris P. 1981. Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
19. Fiske, Susan T., and Shelly E. Taylor. 1984. Social Cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
20. Franklin, Charles H. 1991. "Eschewing Obfuscation? Campaigns and the Perceptions of U.S. Senate Incumbents." American Political Science Review 85 (December): 1193-1214.
21. Gronke, Paul. 2000. The Electorate, the Campaign, and the Office: A Unified Approach to House and Senate Elections. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
22. Gronke, Paul, Jeffrey Koch, and J. Matthew Wilson. 2003. "Follow the Leader? Presidential Approval, Presidential Support and Representatives' Electoral Fortunes." Journal of Politics 65 (August): 785-808.
23. Hass, Glen, Irwin Katz, Nina Rizzo, Joan Bailey, and Donna Eisenstadt. 1991. "Cross-Racial Appraisal as Related to Attitude Ambivalence and Cognitive Complexity." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 17 (February): 83-92.
24. Hinich, Melvin J., and Michael C. Munger. 1994. Ideology and the Theory of Political Choice. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
25. Huckfeldt, Robert, and John Sprague. 2000. "Political Consequences of Inconsistency: The Accessibility and Stability of Abortion Attitudes." Political Psychology 21 (February): 57-79.
26. Jacobson, Gary C. 1981. Money in Congressional Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
27. Jacobson, Gary C. 1990. "The Effects of Campaign Spending in Congressional Elections: New Evidence for Old Arguments." American Journal of Political Science 34 (May): 334-62.
28. Jacobson, Gary C. 2001. The Politics of Congressional Elections. 5th Ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Longman.
29. Kahn, Kim Fridkin, and Patrick J. Kenney. 1999. The Spectacle of U.S. Senate Campaigns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
30. Krasno, Jonathan S. 1994. Challengers, Competition, and Reelection: Comparing Senate and House Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
31. Lau, Richard R., and David P. Redlawsk. 2001. "Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making." American Journal of Political Science 45 (October): 951-71.
32. Lavine, Howard. 2001. "The Electoral Consequences of Ambivalence Toward Presidential Candidates." American Journal of Political Science 45 (October): 915-29.
33. Lupia, Arthur. 1994. "Shortcuts Versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections." American Political Science Review 88 (March): 63-76.
34. Lupia, Arthur, and Mathew D. McCubbins. 1998. The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35. Luskin, Robert C. 1987. "Measuring Political Sophistication." American Journal of Political Science 31 (November): 856-99.
36. McClelland, Gary H., and Charles M. Judd. 1993. "Statistical Difficulties of Detecting Interactions and Moderator Effects." Psychological Bulletin 114 (September): 376-90.
37. McGraw, Kathleen M., Edward Hasecke, and Kimberly Conger. 2003. "Ambivalence, Uncertainty, and Processes of Candidate Evaluation." Political Psychology 24 (September): 421-48.
38. Mann, Thomas E. 1978. Unsafe at Any Margin: Interpreting Congressional Elections. Washington, DC: AEI.
39. Mann, Thomas E., and Raymond E. Wolfinger. 1980. "Candidates and Parties in Congressional Elections." American Political Science Review 74 (September): 617-32.
40. Meffert, Michael F., Michael Guge, and Milton Lodge. 2004. "Good, Bad, and Ambivalent: The Consequences of Multidimensional Political Attitudes." In Studies in Public Opinion: Attitudes, Nonattitudes, Measurement Error, and Change, ed. Willem Saris and Paul Sniderman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
41. Miller, Arthur H., Christopher Wlezien, and Anne Hildreth. 1991. "A Reference Group Theory of Partisan Coalitions." Journal of Politics 53 (November): 1134-49.
42. Miller, Warren E., and Donald E. Stokes. 1963. "Constituency Influence in Congress." American Political Science Review 57 (March): 45-56.
43. Mowrer, O.H. 1960. Learning Theory and Behavior. New York: Wiley.
44. Nie, Norman H., Sidney Verba, and John R. Petrocik. 1976. The Changing American Voter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
45. Page, Benjamin I. 1978. Choices and Echoes in Presidential Elections. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
46. Petty, Richard E., and John T. Cacioppo. 1986. "The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion." Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 19: 123-205.
47. Popkin, Samuel L. 1991. The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
48. Rahn, Wendy M. 1993. "The Role of Partisan Stereotypes in Information Processing about Political Candidates." American Journal of Political Science 37 (May): 472-96.
49. Rivers, Douglas. 1988. "Heterogeneity in Models of Electoral Choice." American Journal of Political Science 32 (August): 737-57.
50. Schattschneider, E. E. 1960. The Semisovereign People: A Realist's View of Democracy in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
51. Simon, Herbert A. 1976. Administrative Behavior. 3rd Ed. New York: Free Press.
52. Smith, Eric R. A. N. 1980. "The Levels of Conceptualization: False Measures of Ideological Sophistication." American Political Science Review 74 (September): 685-96.
53. Smith, Eric R. A. N. 1989. The Unchanging American Voter. Berkeley: University of California Press.
54. Sniderman, Paul M. 1993. "The New Look in Public Opinion Research." In Political Science: The State of the Discipline II, ed. Ada Finifter. Washington DC: American Political Science Association.
55. Sniderman, Paul M., Richard A. Brody, and Philip E. Tetlock. 1991. Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
56. Steenbergen, Marco, and Paul R. Brewer. 2004. "The Not-So-Ambivalent Public: Policy Attitudes in the Political Culture of Ambivalence." In Studies in Public Opinion: Attitudes, Nonattitudes, Measurement Error, and Change, ed. Willem Saris and Paul Sniderman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
57. Stokes, Donald E., and Warren E. Miller. 1962. "Party Government and the Saliency of Congress." Public Opinion Quarterly 26 (Winter): 531-46.
58. Thompson, Megan M., Mark P. Zanna, and Dale W. Griffin. 1995. "Let's Not Be Indifferent about Attitudinal Ambivalence." In Attitude Strength, ed. Richard E. Petty and Jon A. Krosnick. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 361-86.
59. Wattenberg, Martin P. 1981. "The Decline of Political Partisanship in the U.S.: Negativity or Neutrality?" American Political Science Review 75 (December): 941-50.
60. Wattenberg, Martin P. 1990. The Decline of American Political Parties, 1952-1988. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
61. Westlye, Mark C. 1991. Senate Elections and Campaign Intensity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
62. Zaller, John R. 1992. The Nature and Origin of Mass Opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. Zaller, John R., and Stanley Feldman. 1992. "A Simple Theory of the Survey Response: Answering Questions Versus Revealing Preferences." American Journal of Political Science 32 (May): 416-550.