Conservation, irrigated farming, and Yellowstone National Park's cascade corner

Pacific Northwest Quarterly

Volumn 93, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 13-25

  Lovin, Hugh T ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 20644461881     PISSN: 00308803     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
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References (72)

1. The best historical writing on western reclamation includes the works of Norris Hundley, Donald Worster, and Donald Pisani; for example, see Pisani's To Reclaim a Divided West: Water, Law, and Public Policy, 1848-1902 (Albuquerque, 1992), 273-319.
2. James Stephenson, Jr., Irrigation in Idaho, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Bull. 216 (Washington, D.C., 1909), 23.
3. For discussions of conservationist forces, see Alfred Runte, National Parks: The American Experience, 2d ed. rev. (Lincoln, Nebr., 1987),82-135;
4. Richard A. Bartlett, Yellowstone: A Wilderness Besieged (Tucson, 1985), 347-58.
5. For examples of studies employing the preservationist-reclamationist dichotomy, see Aubrey L. Haines, The Yellowstone Story: A History of Our First National Park, 2 vols. (Yellowstone National Park, Wyo., 1977), II, 331;
6. John Ise, Our National Park Policy: A Critical History (Baltimore, 1961), 312.
7. Richard West Sellars, Preserving Nature in the National Parks: A History (New Haven, Conn., 1997);
8. J. W. Powell, Eleventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey to the Secretary of the Interior, 1889-'90, Part II - Irrigation (Washington, D.C., 1891), 191;
9. Second Annual Report of the Reclamation Service, 1902-03, 58th Cong., 2d Sess., 1905, H.D. 44, pl. 34 (between 264 and 265), 285-86.
10. Geographers, government agencies, commercial mapmakers, and writers have inconsistently rendered the name Fall or Falls River. In this essay, the stream is identified as Falls River to conform to usage in such recent works as Lalia Boone, Idaho Place Names: A Geographical Dictionary (Moscow, Idaho, 1988), 133.
11. D. W. Davis to J. C. Stewart, May 19, 1920, David W. Davis Papers, Idaho State Archives, Boise.
12. A. P. Davis to Addison T. Smith, March 18, 1920, in John J. Cameron, "Proposed Irrigation Projects within the Yellowstone National Park" (typescript, May 1937), 19, Yellowstone National Park Research Library (YNP Library), Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
13. Horace M. Albright (as told to Robert Cahn), The Birth of the National Park Service: The Founding Years, 1913-33 (Salt Lake City, 1985), 100.
14. P. S. A. Bickel, "What the Fall[s] River Bill Means," New West Magazine, Vol. 11 (November 1920), 8.
15. "Wyoming Governor Approves Use of Fall[s] [River] Reservoir in Idaho," (typescript, April 6, 1920), in "Irrigation and Dam Problems, 1920-1921" Scrapbook, YNP Library.
16. Cheyenne (Wyo.) State Leader, Dec. 10, 1920;
17. Hearing on Easements, 5-6;
18. D. W. Davis to Phil Campbell, May 19, 1920, Davis Papers.
19. Quoted in Donald C. Swain, Wilderness Defender: Horace M. Albright and Conservation (Chicago, 1970), 122.
20. Robert Shankland, Steve Mather of the National Parks, 2d ed. rev. (New York, 1954), 213.
21. Report of the Park Service (1920), 28.
22. Birdseye quoted in Report of the Park Service (1921), 19.
23. William C. Gregg, My Business Career: Family Letters and Records (Hackensack, N.J., 1933), xi;
24. "Haynes Bulletin" (mimeographed), Vol. 3 (March 1924), 7, copy in Charles C. Moore Papers, Idaho State Archives.
25. William C. Gregg, "Cornering Cascade," Saturday Evening Post, Nov. 20, 1920, pp. 8,78-83,
26. and idem, "Who Owns America's National Parks," American Motorist, December 1920, p. 20 (clippings), "Irrigation and Dam" Scrapbook.
27. Final report of the Yellowstone National Park Boundary Commission, 71st Cong., 3d Sess., 1931, H.D. 710, pp. 119-31.
28. Fremont County News (St. Anthony, Idaho), Jan. 12, 1921 (clipping), Davis Papers.
29. Garet Garrett, "The Tale of Uncle Sam's Voyage in an Irrigation District," Saturday Evening Post, Vol. 197 (Jan. 17, 1925), 126;
30. Oliver Holmes, "Proposed Impounding of Yellowstone Lake Waters" (typescript, [1920]), n. pag., Samuel V. Stewart Papers, Montana Historical Society, Helena.
31. M. M. Galbraith et al., Report on the Proposed Project for Flood Control and Irrigation in the Yellowstone River Valley, Wyoming, Montana, [and] North Dakota (Livingston, Mont., 1921), copy at Montana Historical Society.
32. Hugh T. Lovin, "Pipedreams and the Great Dubois Tract," Idaho Yesterdays, Vol. 44 (Fall 2000), 25;
33. J. H. McFarland to Frank Mondell, April 13, 1920 (copy), D. W. Davis Papers.
34. Boston Evening Transcript, April 17, 1920 (clipping), "Irrigation and Dam" Scrapbook.
35. Robert W. Righter, Crucible for Conservation: The Creation of Grand Teton National Park ([Boulder, Colo.], 1982), 11;
36. William F. Cox to Charles C. Carlisle, April 13, 1924, Jan. 28, March 7, 1925, Charles C. Carlisle Papers, Wyoming State Archives.
37. Emerson Hough, "Pawning the Heirlooms," Saturday Evening Post, Vol. 193 (Sept. 25, 1920), 12-13, 90, 95-96, 102.
38. Boston Evening Transcript, April 17, 1920 (clipping), "Irrigation and Dam" Scrapbook.
39. Dam Across Yellowstone, 237.
40. W. C. Gregg, "Cascade Corner of Yellowstone Park," Outlook, Vol. 129 (Nov. 23, 1921), 476.
41. Governor's secretary to L. E. Dillingham, Dec. 16, 1920, D. W. Davis Papers.
42. Albright quoted in Report of the Park Service (1923), 123.
43. Idaho Daily Statesman (Boise), Aug. 9, 1921.
44. Cameron, 9; General Laws of the State of Idaho Passed at the Sixteenth Session of the State Legislature 1921 ([Boise], [1921]), 371-74.
45. "Facts against the Smith Bill" (leaflet, n.d.), "Irrigation and Dam" Scrapbook. See also Haines, II, 343;
46. J. Horace McFarland, "Exploiting the Yellowstone. Is It Necessary - Or Merely Cheaper?" Outlook, Vol. 26 (Oct. 6, 1920), 255.
47. Eleanor Marshall Thurman, "Coveted Corner: The Endangered Meadows in Yellowstone Park," Outlook, Vol. 144 (Dec. 1, 1926), 435.
48. Report of the Park Service (1921), 18-19.
49. "Minutes of the Proceedings of the Second Annual Convention Held at Yellowstone Park, Wyoming," Aug. 24-25, 1926, p. 14 (mimeographed), Izaak Walton League, Wyoming Division Papers, American Heritage Center.
50. Swendsen to D. W. Davis, Jan. 22, 1921, D. W. Davis Papers.
51. South Fork of the Snake River Reservoir Association, "Ten Reasons" (typescript, n.d.), box 787, Engineering Correspondence Files, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Records, RG 115, Federal Archives and Records Center, Denver.
52. Wiley's report in Revising [the] Boundary of Yellowstone National Park: Hearing before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Public Lands and Surveys, United States Senate, August 18, 1926 (Washington, D.C., 1927), 75.
53. "Re: S.B. No. 3427" (typescript, May 1, 1926), Moore Papers.
54. Journal of the State Senate of the Idaho Legislature, Nineteenth Session ([Boise], 1927), 149.
55. Moore to Kendrick, Aug. 10, 1926, Moore Papers.
56. For Mather's policies on such Yellowstone wildlife, see Richard West Sellars, "Manipulating Nature's Paradise: National Park Management under Stephen T. Mather, 1916-1928," Montana, the Magazine of Western History, Vol. 43 (Spring 1993), 8-9.
57. David J. Saylor, Jackson Hole, Wyoming: In the Shadow of the Tetons (Norman, Okla., 1970), 172;
58. John C. Miles, Guardians of the Parks: A History of the National Parks and Conservation Association (Washington, D.C., 1995), 64.
59. In the 1930s both Wyoming authorities and Idaho irrigationists launched efforts to exploit Yellowstone Lake, confirming Mather's fears. Hugh T. Lovin, "The Fight for an Irrigation Empire in the Yellowstone River Valley," PNQ, Vol. 89 (1998), 196-98;
60. Wyoming State Planning Board, "Report on the Proposed Diversion of the Waters of Yellowstone Lake" (typescript, August 1937), Wyoming State Engineer Papers, Wyoming State Archives;
61. Hugh Lovin, "Yellowstone National Park, Jackson Hole, and the Idaho Irrigation Frontier," Idaho Yesterdays, Vol. 43 (Winter 2000), 15-17.
62. "The Yellowstone Grab: A Lesson in Geography," Outlook, Vol. 144 (Nov. 26, 1926), 394.
63. "Report of [the] Fourth Annual Convention, Izaak Walton League of America, Wyoming Division," Dec. 11-12, 1928, p. 9 (mimeographed), Izaak Walton League, Wyoming Division Papers.
64. Carlos A. Schwantes, In Mountain Shadows: A History of Idaho (Lincoln, 1991), 203;
65. W. G. Hoyt, Water Utilization in the Snake River Basin, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, Water Supply Paper 657 (Washington, D.C., 1935), 76.
66. Tenth Biennial Report of the Department of Reclamation, State of Idaho, 1937-1938 (Boise, [1938]), 81;
67. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Repayment Histories and Payout Schedules - 1952,2d ed. (Washington, D.C., 1953), 101;
68. "Upper Snake River Storage Completed," Reclamation Era, Vol.31 (March 1941), 70.
69. F. Ross Peterson, Idaho: A Bicentennial History (New York, 1976), 137-38.
70. Leonard J. Arrington, History of Idaho, 2 vols. (Moscow, 1994), II, 158-59;
71. Hugh Lovin, "Water, Arid Land, and Visions of Advancement on the Snake River Plain," Idaho Yesterdays, Vol. 35 (Spring 1991), 17.
72. William E. Borah to Faris, June 28, 1937, Idaho Reclamation Records.