Short report: Serological evidence of West Nile virus activity in El Salvador

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 72, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 612-615

  Cruz, Lilian ^b   Cardenas, Victor M ^a,f   Abarca, Mauricio ^b   Rodriguez, Tito ^b   Reyna, Roberto Flores ^b   Serpas, Mario V ^b   Fontaine, Robert E ^d   Beasley, David W C ^e   Travassos Da Rosa, Amelia P A ^e   Weaver, Scott C ^e   Tesh, Robert B ^e   Powers, Ann M ^c   Suarez Rangel, Gloria ^b  

^a UT School of Public Health   (United States)

^b Foothills Campus ^*  (El Salvador)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR EMERGING AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^d CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^e University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

VIRUS ANTIBODY;

ANTIBODY TITER; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CENTRAL AMERICA; EL SALVADOR; EPIDEMIC; HORSE; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; VIRUS CULTURE; VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; HORSE DISEASE; HUMAN; SEASON; VIROLOGY; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALIA; WEST NILE VIRUS;

ANIMALS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; EL SALVADOR; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; HUMANS; SEASONS; WEST NILE FEVER;

EID: 20544450198     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2005.72.612     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. CDC, 2003. West Nile Virus Activity in the United States (reported as of May 21, 2004). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ ncidod/dvbid/westnile/ surv&controlCaseCount03_detailed. htm.
2. Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, Gubler DJ, 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis 2: 519-529.
3. Eidson M, Kramer L, Stone W, Hagiwara Y, Schmit K, and the New York State West Nile Virus Avian Surveillance Team, 2001. Dead bird surveillance as an early warning system for West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 7: 631-635.
4. Blitvich BJ, Fernandez-Salas I, Contreras-Cordero JF, Marlenee NL, Gonzalez-Rojas JI, Komar N, Gubler DJ, Calisher CH, Beaty BJ, 2003. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in horses, Coahuila State, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 853-856. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no7/03- 0166.htm.
5. Loroño-Pino MA, Blitvich BJ, Farfán-Ale JA, Puerto FI, Blanco JM, Marlenee NL, Rosado-Paredes EP, Garcia-Rejon JE, Gubler DJ, Calisher CH, Beaty BJ, 2003. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus infection in horses, Yucatan State, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 857-859.
6. Estrada-Franco J, Navarro-Lopez R, Beasley DWC, Coffey L, Carrara AS, Travassos da Rosa APA, Clements T, Wang E, Ludwig GV, Cortes AC, Ramirez PP, Tesh RB, Barrett ADT, Weaver SC, 2003. Isolation of West Nile virus in Mexico and serologic evidence of widespread circulation since July 2002. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 1604-1607.
7. Blitvich BJ, Fernández-Salas I, Contreras-Cordero JF, Loroño-Pino MA, Marlenee NL, Díaz FJ, González-Rojas JI, Obregón-Martínez N, Chiu-García JA, Black WC IV, Beaty BJ, 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of West Nile Virus, Nuevo Leon State, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1314-1317.
8. Hinman AR, McGowan JE Jr, Henderson BE, 1971. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis: surveys of human illness during an epizootic in Guatemala and El Salvador. Am J Epidemiol 93: 130-136.
9. Martin DA, Muth DA, Brown T, Johnson AJ, Karabatsos N, Roehrig JT, 2000. Standardization of immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1823-1826.
10. Roehrig JT, Nash D, Maldin B, Labowitz A, Martin DA, Lanciotti RS, Campbell GL, 2003. Persistence of virus-reactive serum immunoglobulin M antibody in confirmed West Nile virus encephalitis cases. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 376-379.
11. Autorino GL, Battisti A, Deubel V, Ferrari G, Forletta R, Giovannini A, Lelli R, Murri S, Scicluna MT, 2002. West Nile virus epidemic in horses, Tuscany Region, Italy. EID 8: 1372-1378.
12. Murgue B, Murri S, Zientara S, Durand B, Durand JP, Zeller H, 2001. West Nile outbreak in horses in Southern France, 2000: the return after 35 years. Emerg Infect Dis 7: 692-696.
13. Hadler J, Nelson R, McCarthy T, Andreadis T, Lis MJ, French R, Beckwith W, Mayo D, Archambault G, Cartter M, 2001. West Nile virus surveillance in Connecticut in 2000: an intense epizootic without high risk for severe human disease. Emerg Infect Dis 7: 636-642.
14. Tesh RB, Travassos da Rosa A, Guzman H, Araujo TP, Xiao SY, 2002. Immunization with heterologous flavivirus protective against fatal West Nile encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 245-251.