Weather modification: Finding common ground

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 86, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 647-655

  Garstang, Michael ^a   Bruintjes, Roelof ^b   Serafin, Robert ^b   Orville, Harold ^c   Boe, Bruce ^d   Cotton, William ^e   Warburton, Joseph ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^c SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d Weather Modification Incorporated   (United States)

^e Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^f DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD SEEDING; CLOUDS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ICE; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METEOROLOGY; STATISTICAL METHODS; WEATHER FORECASTING;

OROGRAPHIC CLOUD SEEDING; WEATHER PREDICTION;

WEATHER MODIFICATION;

EID: 20544439122     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-86-5-647     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. American Meteorological Society, 1998: Scientific background for the AMS policy statement on planned and inadvertent weather modification. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2773-2778.
2. Boe, B. A., 1994: The North Dakota Tracer Experiment: Tracer applications in a cooperative thunderstorm research program. J. Wea. Mod., 26, 102-112.
3. Boe, B. A. and Coauthors, 1992: The North Dakota Thunderstorm Project - A cooperative study of High Plains thunderstorms. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 145-160.
4. Boe, B. A., G. W. Bomar, W. R. Cotton, B. L. Marler, H. D. Orville, and J. A. Warburton, 2004a: A response by the Weather Modification to the National Research Council's report titled "Critical issues in weather modification research." [Available from the WMA online at www.weathermodification.org.]
5. Boe, B. A., G. W. Bomar, W. R. Cotton, B. L. Marler, H. D., Orville, and J. A. Warburton,2004b: The Weather Modification Association's response to the National Research Council's report titled "Critical Issues in Weather Modification Research." J. Wea. Mod., 36, 53-82.
6. Browning, K. A., and G. B. Foote, 1976: Airflow and hail growth in supercell storms and some implications for hall suppression. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 661-695.
7. Browning, K. A., and Coauthors, 1976: Structure of an evolving hailstorm. Part V: Synthesis and implications for hail growth and hail suppression. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 603-610.
8. Dennis, A. S., A. Koscielski, D. E. Cain, J. H. Hirsch, and P. L. Smith Jr., 1975: Analysis of radar observations of a randomized cloud seeding experiment. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 897-908.
9. Dessens, J., 1998: A physical evaluation of a hail suppression project with silver iodide ground burners in southwestern France. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 1588-1599.
10. Eklund, D. L., D. S. Jawa, and T. K. Rajala, 1999: Evaluation of the western Kansas weather modification program. J. Wea. Mod., 31, 91-101.
11. Federer, B., and Coauthors, 1986: Main results of Grossversuch IV. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 917-957.
12. Foote, G. B., 1985: Aspects of cumulonimbus classification relevant to the hail problem. J. Rech. Atmos., 19, 61-74.
13. Foote, G. B., and C. A. Knight, Eds., 1977: Hail: A Review of Hail Science and Hail Suppression. Meteor. Monogr., No. 38, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77 pp.
14. Knight, C. A., and N. C. Knight, 2001: Hailstorms. Meteor. Monogr. No. 50, Severe Convective Storms, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 223-254.
15. Knight, C. A., and P. Squires, Eds., 1982: Hailstorms of the Central High Plains: The National Hail Research Experiment. Vols. I & II, Colorado Associated University Press, 282 pp.
16. Kopp, F. J., and H. D. Orville, 1994: The use of a two-dimensional, time-dependent cloud model to predict convective and stratiform clouds and precipitation. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 62-77.
17. Lacaux, J. P., J. A. Warburton, J. Fournet-Fayard, and P. Waldteufel, 1985: The disposition of silver released from Soviet OBLAKO rockets in precipitation during hail suppression experiment Grossversuch IV. Part II; case studies of seeded cells. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 977-992.
18. Mesinger, F., and N. Mesinger, 1992: Has hall suppression in eastern Yugoslavia led to a reduction in the frequency of hail? J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 104-111.
19. National Research Council, 2003: Critical Issues in Weather Modification Research. National Academy Press, 123 pp.
20. Orville, H. D., 2001: New opportunities in weather research, focusing on reducing severe weather hazards and providing sustainable water resources. South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Summary Rep. SDSMP-1AS/R-00/01, of a National Research Council Workshop: Assessing the current state of weather modification science as a basis for future environmental sustainability and policy development, 77 pp.
21. Renick, J. H., 1975: The Alberta Hail Project: Update 1975. J. Wea. Mod., 7, 1-6.
22. Rosenfeld, D., and W. L. Woodley, 1989: Effects of cloud seeding in west Texas. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 1050-1080.
23. Rosenfeld, D., and W. L. Woodley, 1993: Effects of cloud seeding in west Texas: Additional results and new insights. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 1848-1866.
24. Rosenfeld, D., and W. L. Woodley, 1997: Cloud microphysical observations of relevance to the Texas cold-cloud conceptual seeding model. J. Wea. Mod., 29, 56-59.
25. Rudolph, R. D., C. M. Sackiw, and G. T. Riley, 1994: Statistical evaluation of the 1984-1988 seeding experiment in northern Greece. J. Wea. Mod., 26, 53-60.
26. Smith, P. L., L. R. Johnson, D. L. Pregnitz, B. A. Boe, and P. J. Mielke Jr., 1997: An exploratory analysis of crop hail insurance data for evidence of cloud seeding effects in North Dakota. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 463-473.
27. Sulakvelidze, G. K., B. I. Kizirya, and V. V. Tsykunov, 1974: Progress of hail suppression work in the USSR. Weather and Climate Modification, W. N. Hess, Ed., 410-431.
28. Super, A. B. and J. A. Heimbach, 1992: Investigations of the targeting of ground released silver iodide in Utah. Part I: Ground observations of silver in snow and ice nuclei. J. Wea. Mod., 24, 19-34.
29. Tuttle, J. D., V. N. Bringi, H. D. Orville, and F. J. Kopp, 1989: Multiparameter radar study of a microburst: Comparison with model results. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 601-620.
30. Warburton, J. A., 1994: Determination of ice-phase water capture temperatures using isotopic composition and habits of ice crystals - Relevance to snowpack augmentation. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 1037-1049.
31. Warburton, J. A., G. O. Linkletter, and R. Stone, 1982: The use of trace chemistry to estimate seeding effects in the National Hail Research Experiment. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 1089-1110.
32. Warburton, J. A., S. K. Chai, and L. G. Young, 1995a: A new concept for assessing silver iodide cloud-seeding effects in snow by physical and chemical methods. Atmos. Res., 36, 171-176.
33. Warburton, J. A., R. H. Stone, and B. L. Marler, 1995b: How the transport and dispersion of AgI aerosols may affect detectability of seeding effects by statistical methods. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1930-1941.
34. Wobruck, W., A. I. Flossmann, and R. D. Farley, 2003: Comparison of observed and modeled hailstone spectra during a severe storm over the Northern Pyrenean foothills. Atmos. Res., 67-68, 685-703.
35. Woodley, W. L., and D. Rosenfeld, 2004: The development and testing of a new method to evaluate the operational cloud seeding programs in Texas. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 249-263.