Part I: Use of echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with suspected cardioembolic stroke

American Journal of the Medical Sciences

Volumn 329, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 310-316

  Lerakis, Stamatios ^a   Nicholson, William J ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aortic atherosclerosis; Atrial fibrillation; Cardiac mass; Stroke; Transesophageal echocardiography

Indexed keywords

AORTA ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOEMBOLIC STROKE; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; EMBOLISM; EMBOLISM PREVENTION; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; STROKE; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY;

EID: 20544434431     PISSN: 00029629     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200506000-00011     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (35)

1. Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Cardiogenic brain embolism. Arch Neurol 1989;46:727-43.
2. Cerebral Embolism Task Force. Cardiogenic brain embolism. Arch Neurol 1986;43:7-84.
3. Goldman ME, Mainigi S. Value of Transesophageal Echo (V.O.T.E.): a multicenter international registry of 8500 patients from 21 sites [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31(Suppl 1):162.
4. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998;98:946-52.
5. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1486.
6. Salem DN, Daudelin HD, Levine HJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in valvular heart disease. Chest 2001;119: 207S-219S.
7. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Final results. Circulation 1991;84:527-39.
8. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: II. Echocardiographic features of patients at risk. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:6-12.
9. Goldman ME, Pearce LA, Hart RG, et al. Pathophysiologic correlates of thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: I. Reduced flow velocity in the left atrial appendage (The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation [SPAT-III] study). J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999;12:1080-7.
10. Zabalgoitia M, Halperin JL, Pearce LA, et al. Transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of clinical risk of thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:1622-6.
11. Hart R, Halperin JL. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: concepts and controversies. Stroke 2001;32:803-8.
12. Benjamin EJ, Plehn JF, D'Agostino RB, et al. Mitral annular calcification and the risk of stroke in an elderly cohort. N Engl J Med 1992;327:374-9.
13. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon I, et al. Association of mitral annular calcium with new thromboembolic stroke at 44-month follow-up of 2,148 persons, mean age 81 years. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:105-6.
14. Adler Y, Shohat-Zabarski R, Vaturi M, et al. Association between mitral annular calcium and aortic atheroma as detected by transesophageal echocardiographic study. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:784-6.
15. Tunick PA, Kronzon I. Protruding atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic arch of patients with systemic embolization: a new finding seen by transesophageal echocardiography. Am Heart J 1990;120:658-60.
16. Amarenco P, Duyckaerts C, Tzourio C, et al. The prevalence of ulcerated plaques in the aortic arch in patients with stroke. N Engl J Med 1992;326:221-5.
17. Amarenco P, Cohen A, Tzourio C, et al. Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch and the risk of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1474-9.
18. Dressler FA, Craig WR, Castello R, et al. Mobile aortic atheroma and systemic emboli: efficacy of anticoagulation and influence of plaque morphology on recurrent stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:134-8.
19. Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch as a risk factor for recurrent ischemic stroke: The French Study of Aortic Plaques in Stroke Group. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1216-21.
20. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators Committee on Echocardiography. TEE correlates of thromboembolism in high-risk patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:639-47.
21. Farrari E, Vidal R, Chevallier T, et al. Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta and aortic debris as a marker of poor prognosis: benefit of oral anticoagulants. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:1317-22.
22. Mohar JP, Thompson JLP, Lazar RM, et al. A comparison of warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of recurrent ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1444-51.
23. White HD, Simes RJ, Anderson NE, et al. Pravastatin therapy and the risk of stroke. N Engl J Med 2000;343:317-26.
24. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan AS, et al. Design and baseline chracteristics of the stroke prevention by aggressive reduction in cholestrerol levels (SPARCL) study [published erratum appears in Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;17:91-2]. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;16:389-95.
25. Tunick PA, Nayar AC, Goodkin GM, et al. Effect of treatment on the incidence of stroke and other emboli in 519 patients with severe thoracic aortic plaque. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:1320-5.
26. Vaduganathan P, Ewton A, Nagueh SF, et al. Pathologic correlates of aortic plaques, thrombi and mobile "aortic debris" imaged in vivo with transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:357-63.
27. Stratton JR, Lighty GW, Pearlman AS, et al. Detection of left ventricular thrombus by two-dimensional echocardiography: sensitivity, specificity and causes of uncertainty. Circulation 1982;66:156-66.
28. Nihoyannopoulos P, Smith GC, Maseri A, et al. The natural history of left ventricular thrombus in myocardial infarction: a rationale in support of masterly inactivity. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:903-11.
29. Chiarella G, Santora E, Domenicucci S, et al. Predischarge two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular thrombosis after acute myocardial infarction in the GISSI-3 study. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:822.
30. Loh E, Sutton MS, Wun CC, et al. Ventricular dysfunction and the risk of stroke after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;336:251-7.
31. Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, et al. ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography: summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography). Circulation 2003;108:1146.
32. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction). Circulation 2004;110:588-636.
33. Wold LE, Lie JT. Cardiac myxomas: a clinicopathologic profile. .Am J Pathol 1980;101:219.
34. Sun JP, Asher CR, Yang XS, et al. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of papillary fibroelastomas: a retrospective and prospective study in 162 patients. Circulation 2001;103:2687-93.
35. Gowda RM, Khan IA, Nair CK, et al. Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma: a comprehensive analysis of 725 cases. Am Heart J 2003;146:404-10.