Urbanism, cities and local self-government

Canadian Public Administration

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 96-123

  Magnusson, Warren ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 20444498719     PISSN: 00084840     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-7121.2005.tb01600.x     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. There are exceptions, of course. Henry B. Mayo played a significant part in efforts to reorganize local government in Ontario. Robert A. Dahl, "The city in the future of democracy," American Political Science Review 61, no. 4 (December 1967), pp. 953-70, remains one of the most interesting contributions on the subject.
2. Louis Wirth, "Urbanism as a way of life," American Journal of Sociology 44, no. 1 (July 1938), pp. 1-24,
3. reprinted in Wirth, On Cities and Social Life, Albert J. Reiss Jr., ed., (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964).
4. Four out of five Canadians live in towns with populations of more than 10,000; nearly two out of three live in metropolitan areas with populations of over 100,000. Half live in just four urban agglomerations: the "extended Golden Horseshoe" around Toronto and the western end of Lake Ontario (population 6.7 million), the greater Montreal area (3.7 million), the Lower Mainland of B.C. and southern Vancouver Island (2.7 million), and the "Edmonton-Calgary corridor" (2.1 million). (Lest people in the National Capital feel neglected, we might note that 1.1 million people lived in the Ottawa-Gatineau area in 2001.)
5. nd edition (Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001).
6. See also Paul L. Knox and Peter J. Taylor, eds., World Cities in a World-System (Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 1995),
7. Allen J. Scott, ed., Global City Regions (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001) and
8. Saskia Sassen, ed., Global Networks, Linked Cities (New York: Routledge, 2002).
9. Richard Florida, The Rise of the Creative Class (New York: Basic Books, 2002).
10. Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Touchstone, 2000).
11. See also Putnam with Robert Leonardi and Raffaella Nanetti, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993);
12. Michael E. Porter, On Competition (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, 1998).
13. Kenichi Ohmae, The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies (New York: Harper Collins, 1996).
14. Compare Saskia Sassen, Losing Control: Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
15. Jane Jacobs, The Economy of Cities (New York: Random House, 1969)
16. and Cities and the Wealth of Nations (New York: Random House, 1984).
17. See Caroline Andrew, Pat Armstrong and Andre Lapierre, eds., World Class Cities: Can Canada Play? (Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1999);
18. Caroline Andrew, Katherine A.H. Graham and Susan Phillips, eds., Urban Affairs: Back on the Policy Agenda (Kingston and Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002);
19. Meric Gertler and David A. Wolfe, eds., Innovation and Social Learning: Institutional Adaptation in an Era of Technological Change (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002);
20. J. Adam Holbrook and David A. Wolfe, ed., Knowledge, Clusters and Learning Regions (Kingston: School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, 2002).
21. nd edition (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003).
22. David Judge, Gerry Stoker and Harold Wolman, eds., Theories of Urban Politics (London: Sage Publications, 1995).
23. Ash Amin and Nigel Thrift, Cities: Reimagining the Urban (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002), p. 51,
24. citing John Urry, Sociology Beyond Societies (London: Routledge, 2000), p. 36.
25. Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System, three volumes (New York and San Diego: Academic Press, 1974, 1980, 1989).
26. Compare Knox and Taylor, World Cities in a World-System,
27. and John Agnew, Katharyne Mitchell and Gerard Toal, eds., A Companion to Political Geography (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003).
28. Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, three volumes. (London: Collins, 1981-84).
29. See also Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, two volumes (London: Collins, 1972).
30. John Friedmann and Goetz Wolff, "World city formation: An agenda for research and action," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 6, no. 3 (September 1982), pp. 309-44.
31. Manuel Castells, The Information Age, three volumes (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1996-98).
32. Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
33. Compare Saskia Sassen, Guests and Aliens (New York: New Press, 1999),
34. and Aihwa Ong, Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logics of Transnationality (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1999).
35. Michael Peter Smith, Transnational Urbanism (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2001), p. 5.
36. Ibid., p. 3 (emphasis in the original).
37. Ibid., p. 127 (emphasis in the original).
38. Since I wrote these words, Mayor Glen Murray of Winnipeg resigned and made an abortive effort to enter federal politics. Such are the illusions of upward mobility.
39. Stephen Dale, Lost in the Suburbs: A Political Travelogue (Toronto: Stoddart, 1999).
40. Andrew Sancton, Merger Mania (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000).
41. There is a good review of the relevant literature in Kathryn A. Foster, The Political Economy Of Special-Purpose Government (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1997).
42. Ben Pimlott and Nirmala Rao, Governing London (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).
43. More generally, see Gerry Stoker, Transforming Local Governance: From Thatcherism to New Labour (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
44. See, for instance, Patrick Macklem, Indigenous Difference and the Constitution of Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001).
45. Compare James Tully, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity (Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
46. Gerald E. Frug, City Making: Building Communities without Building Walls (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), chapters 1 and 2.
47. Hunter v. City of Pittsburgh, [1907] 207 U.S. 161, 178-179, quoted in Frug, City Making, p. 17.
48. Frug, City Making, p. 5.
49. Ibid., p. 51.
50. "Subsidiarity is a concept developed in Catholic Europe, the Europe organized along hierarchical lines, and was and is designed to soften hierarchy by vesting and protecting the powers of its lower levels. Federalism, however, is anti-hierarchical, based on covenant-based principles that see the proper political organization as a matrix with larger and smaller areas and not higher and lower.... A proper federal framework involves non-centralization or multiple centres of power. The model that is needed to build the European Union is a matrix or mosaic and not a power pyramid or a centre-periphery model." Daniel Elazar, "The United States and the European Union: Models for their Epochs," in Kalypso Nicolaidis and Robert Howse, eds., The Federal Vision: Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the United States and the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 42.
51. Mitchell Dean, Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society (London: Sage Publications, 1999), p. 11.
52. Compare Martin Hewson and Timothy J. Sinclair, eds., Approaches to Global Governance Theory (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999);
53. Jon Pierre and B. Guy Peters, Governance, Politics and the State (London: Macmillan, 2000);
54. and Jon Pierre, ed., Debating Governance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
55. Nikolas Rose, Powers of Freedom: Reframing Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
56. Michel Foucault, "Society Must be Defended": Lectures at the College de France, 1975-1976 (New York: Picador, 2003).
57. Compare Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon and Peter Miller, eds., The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
58. I have developed some of my thoughts about this in "Are municipalities creatures of the provinces?," Journal of Canadian Studies (forthcoming).