Brachytherapy for brain tumors

Journal of Neuro-Oncology

Volumn 73, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 71-86

  Vitaz, Todd W ^a,b,d   Warnke, Peter C ^c   Tabar, Viviane ^a   Gutin, Philip H ^a  

^a MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^b University of Louisville School of Medicine   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^d NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Astrocytoma; Brachytherapy; GBM; Metastatic brain tumors; Radiation therapy; Treatment of primary brain tumors

Indexed keywords

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL; STEROID;

BRACHYTHERAPY; BRAIN METASTASIS; BRAIN TUMOR; CANCER GRADING; CLINICAL TRIAL; DOSIMETRY; DRUG MEGADOSE; GLIOBLASTOMA; GLIOMA; HUMAN; HYPERTHERMIA; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MENINGIOMA; NONHUMAN; PATIENT SELECTION; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION NECROSIS; RADIOBIOLOGY; RADIOSURGERY; REVIEW; SURVIVAL TIME; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT INDICATION;

ANIMALS; BRACHYTHERAPY; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; GLIOMA; HUMANS; RADIOTHERAPY DOSAGE;

EID: 20444492441     PISSN: 0167594X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-004-2352-4     Document Type: Review

References (171)

1. M Walker E Alexander WE Hunt CS MacCarty MS Mahaley J Mealey Jr. 1978 Evaluation of BCNU and/or radiotherapy in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas J Neurosurg 49 333-343 1:STN:280:CSeB2cvhvVw%3D 355604
2. M Walker SB Green DP Byar E Alexander Jr U Batzdorf WH. Brooks 1980 Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and nitrosoureas for the treatment of malignant glioma after surgery N Engl J Med 303 23 1323-1329 1:STN:280:Bi6D2M3htF0%3D 7001230
3. NM Bleehen SP. Stenning 1991 A medical research council trial of two radiotherapy doses in the treatment of grades 3 and 4 astrocytoma Brit J Cancer 64 4 769-774 1:STN:280:By2D3c7jtFM%3D 1654987
4. DC Shrieve PH Gutin and DA. Larson 1994 Brachytherapy In: PM Mauch JS Loeffler (eds.), Radiation Oncology: Technology and Biology. WB Saunders Co. Philadelphia 216-236
5. D Kondziolka LD Lunsford JC. Flickinger 1999 The radiobiology of radiosurgery Neurosurg Clin N Amer 10 2 157-166 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7pvFWhtA%3D%3D
6. PH Gutin TL Phillips WM Wara SA Leibel Y Hosobuchi VA Levin KA Weaver S. Lamb 1984 Brachytherapy of recurrent malignant brain tumors with removable high-activity iodine-125 sources J Neurosurg 60 61-68 1:STN:280:BiuD28zos1Q%3D 6358430
7. F Mundinger DF Braus JK Krauss W. Birg 1991 long-term outcome of 89 low-grade brain-stem gliomas after interstitial radiation therapy J Neurosurg 75 740-746 1:STN:280:By2D3MvisVc%3D 1919696
8. G Szikla M Schlienger S Blond C Daumas-Duport O Missir S Miyahara A Musolino C. Schaub 1984 Interstitial and combined interstitial and external irradiation of supratentorial gliomas Results in 61 cases treated 1973-1981 Acta Neurochir Suppl 33 355-362
9. CR Schatz FW Kreth M Faist P Warnke B Volk CB. Ostertag 1994 Interstitial 125-Iodine radiosurgery of low-grade gliomas of the insula of Reil Acta Neurochir 130 80-89 10.1007/BF01405506 1:STN:280:ByqB2c3pvFI%3D
10. MG. Malkin 1994 Interstitial brachytherapy of malignant gliomas: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience Recent Results Cancer Res 135 117-125 1:STN:280:ByuA38zltlA%3D 8047687
11. CO Scharfen PK Sneed WM Wara DA Larson TL Phillips MD Prados KA Weaver M Malec P Acord KR. Lamborn 1992 High activity iodine-125 interstitial implant for gliomas Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 24 583-591 1:STN:280:ByyD2MzovFY%3D 1429079
12. M Bernstein N Laperriere and J. Glen 1995 Stereotactic high-activity brachytherapy for malignant intra-axial brain tumors Status report as of March, 1995 Stereotac Funct Neurosurg 65 167-170 1:STN:280:ByiD2szmtl0%3D
13. N Laperriere P Leung S McKenzie M Milosevic S Wong J. Glen 1998 Randomized Study of Brachytherapy in the initial management of Patients with Malignant astrocytoma Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 41 1005-1011 1:STN:280:DyaK1czotlGqsw%3D%3D 9719109
14. MC Chamberlain D Barba P Kormanik AM Berson WM Saunders MC. Shea 1995 Concurrent cisplatin therapy and iodine 125 brachytherapy for recurrent malignant brain tumors Arch Neurol 52 162-167
15. RG Selker WR Shapiro PC Burger MS Blackwood VC Arena JC Gilder MG Malkin J Mealey Jr JH Neal J Olson JT Robertson GH Barnett S Bloomfield R Albright FH Hochberg E Hiesiger S Green Group. BrainTumor Cooperative 2002 The brain tumor cooperative group NIH trial 87-01: A randomized comparison of surgery, external radiotherapy, and carmustine versus surgery, interstitial radiotherapy boost, external radiation therapy, and carmustine Neurosurgery 51 343-355 12182772
16. M Bernstein PH. Gutin 1981 Interstitial irradiation of brain tumors: A review Neurosurgery 9 741-750 1:STN:280:Bi2C3cvjtVc%3D 7033820
17. EJ. Hall 1988 Repair of radiation damage and the dose-rate effect In: EJ. Hall (eds.), Radiobiology for the Radiologist. JB Lipincott Philadelphia 107-131
18. EC Gregg TM Yau and SC. Kim 1979 Effect of Low dose rate irradiation on cell kinetics Biophys J 28 81-92 1:STN:280:Bi6B2MnptlQ%3D 262446
19. M Werner-Wasik CB Scott DF Nelson LE Gaspar KJ Murray JA Fischbach JS Nelslon A Weinstein WJ. Curran 1996 Final report of a phase I/II trial of hyperfractionated and accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy with carmustine for adults with supratentorial malignant gliomas Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 83 02. Cancer 77 1535-1543
20. A Wu M Chun D Kasdon D Heros P McKeough H. Chang 1989 Interstitial iridium-192 implantation for malignant brain tumours Brit J Rad 62 154-157 1:STN:280:BiaC28jltFY%3D
21. LE. Kun 1991 Radiation therapy Trends in treatment. Neurol Clin 9 337-350 1:STN:280:By2D2cbgtVQ%3D
22. CB. Ostertag 1993 Brachytherapy - Interstitial Implant Radiosurgery Acta Neurochir 58 79-84 1:STN:280:ByuC2M3jsVI%3D
23. V. Krishnaswamy 1979 Dose Tables for 125-I seed implants Radiology 132 727-730 1:STN:280:CSaB2cjnsFM%3D 472255
24. PP Kumar RR Good EO Jones LG. Leibrock 1988 Intraoperative cobalt-60 treatment of glioblastoma multiforme Radiat Med 6 219-228 1:STN:280:BiaC287hslA%3D 2852827
25. CB. Ostertag 1994 Interstitial implant radiosurgery of brain tumors: radiobiology, indications, and results Recent Results Cancer Res 135 105-116 1:STN:280:ByuA38zltlc%3D 8047686
26. V. Krishnaswamy 1978 Dose distribution around an 125-I seed source in tissue Radiology 126 489-491 1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXhtVSqu7w%3D 622503
27. SW Hughes A Sofat ND Kitchen A Brown RP Beaney AR Timothy JE Saunders and DG. Thomas 1995 Computer planning of stereotactic iodine-125 seed brachytherapy for recurrent malignant gliomas Brit J Rad 68 175-181 1:STN:280:ByqB2MzntFM%3D
28. JL Beach CB Schroy M Ashtari MR Harris Y. Maruyama 1990 Boron neutron capture enhancement of 252Cf brachytherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 18 1421-1427 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXjvVCqtA%3D%3D 2370192
29. E Micheletti G Baroncelli B La Face P Feroldi M Galelli F. Giunta 1994 High-dose interstitial brachytherapy for glioblastoma multiforme Tumori 80 44-49 1:STN:280:ByuB2cbgvVM%3D 8191598
30. C Kolotas G Birn D Baltas B Rogge P Ulrich N. Zamboglou 1999 CT guided interstitial high dose rate brachytherapy for recurrent malignant gliomas Brit J Rad 72 805-808 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FovFCktw%3D%3D
31. PH Gutin M. Bernstein 1984 Stereotactic interstitial brachytherapy for malignant brain tumors Prog Exp Tumor Res 28 166-182 1:STN:280:BiqD3MrmvFY%3D 6484199
32. PH Gutin SA Leibel WM Wara A Choucair VA Levin TL Philips P Silver Da V Silva MS Edwards and RL. Davis 1987 Recurrent malignant gliomas: survival following interstitial brachytherapy with high-activity iodine-125 sources J Neurosurg 67 864-873 1:STN:280:BieD287mtVI%3D 3316532
33. M Bernstein N. Laperriere 2000 Indications for brachytherapy for brain tumours Acta Neurochir 63 25-28
34. PK Sneed C Russo CO Scharfen MD Prados MK Malec DA Larson KR Lamborn SA Lamb B Voss KA Weaver TL Phillips PH Gutin WM Wara MS. Edwards 1996 Long-term follow-up after high-activity 125I brachytherapy for pediatric brain tumors Ped Neurosurg 24 314-322 1:STN:280:ByiC2c3ivVQ%3D
35. GE Keles P Sneed DA Larson MS. Berger 2002 Interstitial brachytherapy In: MD. Prados (eds)Brain Cancer. BC Decker Inc. Hamilton 157-166
36. JB Halligan KJ Stelzer RC Rostomily AM Spence TW Griffin MS. Berger 1996 Operation and permanent low activity 125I brachytheraphy for recurrent high-grade astrocytomas Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 35 541-547 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xkslags7c%3D 8655378
37. S Patel JC Breneman RE Warnick RE Albright Jr WD Tobler HR Loveren van JM Tew Jr. 2000 Permanent iodine-125 interstitial implants for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme Neurosurgery 46 1123-1128 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3msFGhtg%3D%3D 10807244
38. PM Fernandez L Zamorano D Yakar L Gaspar C. Warmelink 1995 Permanent iodine-125 implants in the up-front treatment of malignant gliomas Neurosurgery 36 467-473 1:STN:280:ByqB2s3osF0%3D 7753345
39. L Zamarano D Yakar M Dujovny M Sheehan J. Kim 1992 Permanent Iodine125 implant and external beam radiation therapy for the treatment of malignant brain tumors Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 59 183-192 1295039
40. J Voges H Treuer W Schlegel O Pastyr V. Sturm 1993 Interstitial irradiation of cerebral gliomas with stereotactically implanted iodine-125 seeds Acta Neurochir Suppl 58 108-111 1:STN:280:ByuC2M3jtVI%3D
41. FW Kreth M Faist R Rossner B Volk CB. Ostertag 1997 Supratentorial World Health Organization grade 2 astrocytomas and oligoastrocytomas A new pattern of prognostic factors Cancer 79 370-379 10.1002/ (SICI)1097-0142(19970115)79:2<370::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-X 1:STN:280:ByiC28zislI%3D 9010111
42. JS Loeffler E Alexander PY Wen WM Shea CN Coleman HM. Kooy 1990 Results of stereotactic brachytherapy used in the initial management of patients with glioblastoma J Natl Cancer Inst 82 24 1918-1921 1:STN:280:By6D28njs1Q%3D 2250312
43. E Micheletti B La Face P Feroldi M Galelli L Buttolo R Stefini F. Giunta 1996 High-dose-rate brachytherapy for poor-prognosis, high-grade glioma: (phase II) preliminary results Tumori 82 339-344 1:STN:280:ByiD2cngsVE%3D 8890967
44. TB Johannesen K Watne K Lote J Norum R Hennig K Tvera H. Hirschberg 1999 Intracavity fractionated balloon brachytherapy in glioblastoma Acta Neurochir 141 127-133 10.1007/s007010050276 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3gsFCqsw%3D%3D
45. RC Florell DR MacDonald WD Irish M Bernstein SA Leibel PH. Gutin 2002 Selection bias, survival, and brachytherapy for glioma J Neurosurg 76 179-183
46. PH Gutin MD Prados TL Phillips WM Wara DA Larson SA Leibel PK Sneed VA Levin KA Weaver P. Silver 1991 External irradiation followed by an interstitial high activity iodine-125 implant "boost" in the initial treatment of malignant gliomas: NCOG study 6G-82-2 Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21 601-606 1:STN:280:By6A3s7ovVM%3D 1651302
47. L Zamorano M Dujovny G Malik D Yakar B. Mehta 1987 Multiplanar CT-guided stereotaxis and 125I interstitial radiotherapy Image-guided tumor volume assessment, planning, dosimetric calculations, stereotactic biopsy and implantation of removable catheters. Appl Neurophysiol 50 281-286
48. Lacroix M, Abi-Said D, Fourney DR, Gokaslan ZL, Shi W, DeMonte F, Lang FF, McCutcheon IE, Hassenbusch SJ, Holland E., Hess K, Michael C, Miller D, Sawaya R. A multivariate analysis of 416 patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Prognosis, extent of resection, and survival. J Neurosurg 95: 190-198
49. M Daneyemez F Gezen Z Canakci S. Kahraman 1998 Radical surgery and reoperation in supratentorial malignant glial tumors Min Invasive Neurosurg 41 209-213 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7jtFSmtQ%3D%3D
50. JR Simpson J Horton C Scott WJ Curran P Rubin J Fischbach S Isaacson M Rotman SO Asbell JS Nelson AS Weinstein DF. Nelson 1993 Influence of Location and extent of surgical resection on survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Results of three consecutive radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) clinical trials Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26 239-244 1:STN:280:ByyB2MbovFc%3D 8387988
51. RW Koot M Maarouf MC Hulshof J Voges H Treuer C Koedooder V Sturm DA. Bosch 2000 Brachytherapy: Results of two different therapy strategies for patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme Cancer 88 2796-2802 10.1002/1097-0142(20000615)88:12<2796::AID-CNCR19>3.0.CO;2-1 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czivFylsA%3D%3D 10870063
52. JF Dempsey JA Williams JB Stubbs TJ Patrick JF. Williamson 1998 Dosimetric properties of a novel brachytherapy balloon applicator for the treatment of malignant brain-tumor resection-cavity margins Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42 421-429 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Fgt1Cktg%3D%3D 9788425
53. RJ. KokenPWde Vos 1995 A straightforward implantation method of radioactive sources by means of the Leksell frame Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 64 202-213
54. RH GutinPH Dormandy Jr. 1982 A coaxial catheter system for afterloading radioactive sources for the interstitial irradiation of brain tumors Technical note. J Neurosurg 56 734-735
55. L Beach AB Young RA. Patchell 1993 A template for rigid stereotaxic afterloading brachytherapy of the brain Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26 347-351 1:STN:280:ByyB2MbptVI%3D 8491692
56. B Lulu W Lutz B Stea T. Cetas 1990 Treatment planning of template-guided stereotaxic brain implants Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 18 951-955 1:STN:280:By%2BB3Mnjs1M%3D 2182584
57. RP Iacono B Stea BA Lulu T Cetas JR. Cassady 1992 Template-guided stereotactic implantation of malignant brain tumors for interstitial thermoradiotherapy Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 59 199-204 1:STN:280:ByyC1Mjnt1c%3D 1295041
58. M Bernstein N Laperriere P Leung S. McKenzie 1990 Interstitial brachytherapy for malignant brain tumors: Preliminary results Neurosurgery 23 3 371-380 10.1097/00006123-199003000-00001
59. PK Sneed DA Larson PH. Gutin 1994 Brachytherapy and hyperthermia for malignant astrocytomas Semin Oncol 21 186-197 1:STN:280:ByuB3cvmvVY%3D 8153664
60. RA Patchell RJ Yaes L Beach RJ Kryscio DG Davis PA Tibbs B. Young 1997 A phase I trial of neutron brachytherapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas Brit J Rad 70 1162-1168 1:STN:280:DyaK1c7psl2ktA%3D%3D
61. PK Sneed KR Lamborn DA Larson MD Prados MK Malec MW McDermott KA Weaver TL Phillips WM Wara PH. Gutin 1996 Demonstration of brachytherapy boost dose-response relationships in glioblastoma multiforme Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 35 37-44 1:STN:280:BymB3sbhs1I%3D 8641924
62. PY Wen E Alexander PM Black HA Fine N Riese JM Levin CN Coleman JS. Loeffler 1994 Long term results of stereotactic brachytherapy used in the initial treatment of patients with glioblastomas Cancer 73 3029-3036 1:STN:280:ByuB2MfmslU%3D 8200000
63. ND Kitchen SW Hughes NA Taub A Sofat RP Beaney DG. Thomas 1994 Survival following interstitial brachytherapy for recurrent malignant glioma J Neurooncol 18 33-39 10.1007/BF01324601 1:STN:280:ByuA3svntFU%3D 8057132
64. R Nath AS Meigooni P Muench A. Melillo 1993 Anisotropy functions for 130-Pd, 125-I and 192-Ir interstitial brachytherapy Med Phys 20 5 1465-1473 10.1118/1.597110 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXht1ymtr4%3D 8289730
65. Wojcicka Rosenow U. JB. 1991 Clinical implementation of stereotaxic brain implant optimization Med Phys 18 2 226-272
66. L Anderson PJ Harrington AD Osian E Arbit S Leibel M. Malkin 1993 A versatile method for planning stereotactic brain implants Med Phys 20 5 1459-1462 10.1118/1.597109
67. J Julow T Major M Emri I Valalik S Sagi L. Mangel 2000 The Application of image fusion in stereotactic brachytherapy of brain tumours Acta Neurochir 142 1253-1258 10.1007/s007010070022 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7pt1Wjtg%3D%3D
68. KA Weaver V Smith JD Lewis B Lulu CM Barnett S. Leibel 1990 A CT-based computerized treatment planning system for I-125 stereotactic brain implants Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 18 445-454 1:STN:280:By%2BC2MzmtFU%3D 2406230
69. K Schupak M Malkin L Anderson E Arbit K Lindsley S. Leibel 1995 The relationship between the technical accuracy of stereotactic interstitial implantation for high grade gliomas and the pattern of tumor recurrence Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 32 1167-1176 10.1016/0360-3016(94)00652-2 1:STN:280:ByqA3s3gs10%3D 7607939
70. S Woo EB Butler W Grant B Berner P. Gildenberg 1994 Fractionated high-dose rate brachytherapy for intracranial gliomas Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 28 247-249 1:STN:280:ByuD1MrksFc%3D 8270447
71. TL Hardy SRD Brynildson JG Gray D. Spurlock 1992 Three-dimensional imaging for brachytherapy planning Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 59 179-181 1:STN:280:ByyC1Mjnt1Q%3D 1295038
72. R Quinones-Molina A Alaminos H Molina J Munoz G Lopez L Alvarez I Ortega J Piedra W Soler A. Torres 1994 Computer-assisted CT-guided stereotactic biopsy and brachytherapy of brain tumors Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 63 52-55 1:STN:280:ByqA2M%2FltVM%3D 7624651
73. S Leibel GE. Sheline 1987 Radiation therapy for neoplasms of the brain J Neurosurg 66 1-22 1:STN:280:BiiD28%2FgtlI%3D 3023563
74. FW Kreth M Faist R Rossner W Birg B Volk CB. Ostertag 1997 The risk of interstitial radiotherapy of low-grade gliomas Radiother Oncol 43 253-260 10.1016/S0167-8140(97)01948-8 1:STN:280:ByiA2MfmvVw%3D 9215784
75. CB Ostertag FW. Kreth 1995 Interstitial iodine-125 radiosurgery for cerebral metastases Brit J Neurosurg 9 593-603 10.1080/02688699550040873 1:STN:280:BymC38nntlM%3D
76. Warnke PC, Hans FJ, Ostertag CB. (1993). Impact of stereotactic interstitial radiation on brain capillary physiology. Acta Neurochir 85-88
77. GE Sheline WM Wara V. Smith 1980 Therapeutic irradiation and brain injury Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 6 1215-1228 1:STN:280:Bi6C3MnosFY%3D 7007303
78. JE Marks RJ Baglan SC Prassad WF. Blank 1981 Cerebral radionecrosis: incidence and risk in relation to dose, time, fractionation and volume Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 7 243-252 1:STN:280:Bi6C28jntFU%3D 6260715
79. F. Ellis 1969 Dose, time and fractionation: A clinical hypothesis Clin Radiol 20 1-7 1:STN:280:CCaC3svnslM%3D 5774088
80. DF Nelson M Diener-West J Horton CH Chang D Schoenfeld SJ. Nelson 1998 Combined modality approach to treatment of malignant gliomas - Re-evaluation of RTOG 7401/ECOG 1374 with long-term follow-up Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 6 279-284
81. PC Burger MS Mahaley L Dudka FS. Vogel 1979 The morphological effects of radiation administered therapeutically for intracranial gliomas A postmortem study of 25 cases Cancer 4 1256-1272
82. RA Pratt G Di Chiro JC Weed Jr. 1977 Cerebral necrosis following irradiation and chemotherapy for metastatic choriocarcinoma Surg Neurol 7 117-120 1:STN:280:CSiC2M7js1w%3D 557845
83. C Daumas-Duport S Blond CL Bedrenne G. Szikla 1984 Radiolesion versus recurrence: Bioptic data in 39 gliomas after interstitial, or combined interstitial and external radiation treatment Acta Neurochir Suppl 33 291-299
84. M Bernstein M Lumley G Davidson N Laperriere P. Leung 1993 Intracranial arterial occlusion associated with high-activity iodine-125 brachytherapy for glioblastoma J Neurooncol 17 253-260 10.1007/ BF01049980 1:STN:280:ByuB3MnpsF0%3D 8164061
85. JH Oppenheimer ML Levy U Sinha H El-Kadi ML Apuzzo G. Luxton 1992 radionecrosis secondary to interstitial brachytherapy: Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology Neurosurgery 31 2 336-343 1:STN:280:By2A1c3nsVc%3D 1513439
86. CB Ostertag P Warnke P Kleihues DD. Bigner 1984 Iodine-125 interstitial irradiation of virally induced dog brain tumours Neurol Res 6 176-180 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXhtV2jtrs%3D 6152310
87. CB Ostertag D Groothuis P. Kleihues 1984 Experimental data on early and late morphologic effects of permanently implanted gamma and beta sources (Iridium-192, Iodine-125 and Yttrium-90) in the brain Acta Neurochir Suppl 33 271-280
88. SA Kureshi FM Hofman JH Schneider LS Chin ML Apuzzo DR. Hinton 1994 Cytokine expression in radiation-induced delayed cerebral injury Neurosurgery 35 822-829 1:STN:280:ByqC2c%2FitVw%3D 7838329
89. E Arbit JR Shapiro M Fiola MG Malkin JH. Galicich 1993 The significance of morphologically viable glioma cells found at the time of operation after interstitial brachytherapy Neurosurgery 32 105-110 1:STN:280:ByyC3szjvFQ%3D 8380629
90. G Herbold GH Hartmann WJ. Lorenz 1992 The influence of mineralising radionecrosis on the dose distribution in interstitial radiation therapy of brain tumours Radiother Oncol 25 12-18 1:STN:280:ByyD38bmsVY%3D 1410584
91. SN Siddiqi J Provias N Laperriere M. Bernstein 1997 Effects of iodine-125 brachytherapy on the proliferative capacity and histopathological features of glioblastoma recurring after initial therapy Neurosurgery 40 910-917 10.1097/00006123-199705000-00005 1:STN:280:ByiB1MzislE%3D 9149248
92. JR Moringlane M Voges G Huber J Muller HK. Leetz 1997 Short-term CT and MR changes in brain tumors following 125I interstitial irradiation J Comput Assist Tomogr 21 15-21 10.1097/00004728-199701000-00003 1:STN:280:ByiC2srhtVY%3D 9022762
93. LL Wald SJ Nelson MR Day SE Noworolski RG Henry SL Huhn S Chang MD Prados PK Sneed DA Larson WM Wara M McDermott WP Dillon PH Gutin DB. Vigneron 1997 Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging of glioblastoma multiforme after brachytherapy J Neurosurg 87 525-534 1:STN:280:ByiH283mtFI%3D 9322843
94. CJ Marriott W Thorstad G Akabani MT Brown RE McLendon MW Hanson RE. Coleman 1998 Locally increased uptake of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose after intracavitary administration of Iodine-131-labeled antibody for primary brain tumors J Nuc Med 39 1376-1380 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXls1Wrtrc%3D
95. WJ Curran C Scott J Horton JS Nelson A Weinstein J Fischbach CH Chang M Rotman SO Asbell RE Krisch DF Nelson 1993 Recursive partitioning analysis of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group malignant glioma trials Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 85 704-710
96. RJ Mairs CL Wideman TL Whateley JR Reza LM Robertson A Neshasteh-Riz R Rampling J Owens D Allan DI. Graham 2000 Comparison of different methods of intracerebral administration of radioiododeoxyuridine for glioma therapy using a rat model Brit J Cancer 82 74-80 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0879 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltFWltw%3D%3D 10638969
97. AI Kassis SS Tumeh PY Wen J Baranowska-Kortylewixz AD Abbeele Van den RE Zimmerman PA Carvalho BM Garada WC DeSisto NO Bailey FP Castronovo G Mariani PM Black SJ Adelstein 1996 Intratumoral administration of 5[123I]Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine in a patient with a brain tumor J Nuc Med 37 19S-22S 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XislKlur0%3D
98. AI Kassis PY Wen AD Vanden Abbeele J Baranowska-Kortylewixz GM Makrigiorgos KR Metz KZ Matalka CU Cook SK Sahu PM Black SJ. Adelstein 1998 5-[125I]Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine in the radiotherapy of brain tumors in rats J Nuc Med 39 1148-1154 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkvVWlsbg%3D
99. JT Kemshead K Hopkins B Pizer V Papanastassiou H Coakham J Bullimore C. Chandler 1998 Dose escalation with repeated intrathecal injections of 131I labelled MAbs for the treatment of central nervous system malignancies Brit J Cancer 77 2324-2330 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktlCmur8%3D 9649153
100. MT Brown RE Coleman AH Friedman HS Friedman RE McLendon R Reiman GJ Felsberg RD Tien SH Bigner MR Zalutsky XG Zhao CJ Wikstrand CN Pegram JE Herndon NA Vick N Paleologos RK Fredericks SC Schold DD. Bigner 1996 Intrathecal 131I-labeled antitenascin monoclonal antibody 81C6 treatment of patients with leptomeningeal neoplasms or primary brain tumor resection cavities with subarachnoid communication: Phase I trial results Clin Cancer Res 2 963-972 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjvVyrtb8%3D 9816257
101. G Akabani CJ Reist I Cokgor AH Friedman HS Friedman RE Coleman XG Zhao DD Bigner MR. Zalutsky 1999 Dosimetry of 131I-Labeled 81C6 monoclonal antibody administered into surgically created resection cavities in patients with malignant brain tumors J Nuc Med 40 631-638 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisFOitrk%3D
102. MA Bourdon CJ Wikstrand H Furthmayr TJ Matthews Bigner DD. 1983 Human glioma-mesenchymal extracellular matrix antigen defined by monoclonal antibody Cancer Res 43 2796-2805 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXktVeqsrc%3D 6342760
103. G Akabani I Cokgor RE Coleman DG Trotter TZ Wong HS Friedman AH Friedman A Garcia-Turner JE Herndon D DeLong RE McLendon XG Zhao CN Pegram JM Provenzale DD Bigner MR. Zalutsky 2000 Dosimetry and dose-response relationships in newly diagnosed patients with malignant gliomas treated with iodine 131 labelled antitenascin monoclonal antibody 81C6 therapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46 947-958 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00500-3 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7ntFemtg%3D%3D 10705017
104. DA Reardon G Akabani RE Coleman AH Friedman HS Friedman JE Herndon I Cokgor RE McLendon CN Pegram JM Provenzale JA Quinn JN Rich LV Regalado JH Sampson TD Shafman CJ Wikstrand S Wong XG Zhao MR Zalutsky DD. Bigner 2002 Phase II trial of murine 131I-labelled antitenascin monoclonal antibody 81C6 administered into surgically created resection cavities of patients with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas J Clin Oncol 20 1389-1397 10.1200/JCO.20.5.1389 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XisVWmu7k%3D 11870184
105. AI Kassis KS Sastry SJ. Adelstein 1987 Kinetics of uptake, retention, and radiotoxicity of 125IUdR in mammalian cells: Implications of localized energy deposition by Auger processes Radiat Res 109 78-89 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXhtlCgt70%3D 3809393
106. RL Warters KG Hofer CR Harris JM. Smith 1977 Radionuclide toxicity in cultured mammalian cells: Elucidation of the primary site of radiation damage Curr Top Radiat Res Q 12 389-407
107. AI Kassis F Fayad BM Kinsey KS Sastry RA Taube SJ. Adelstein 1987 Radiotoxicity of 125I in mammalian cells Radiat Res 111 305-318 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXlslWmt7o%3D 3628718
108. JA Molloy RC Ritter WC Broaddus MS Grady MA Howard EG Quate GT. Gillies 1991 Thermodynamics of movable inductively heated seeds for the treatment of brain tumors Med Phys 18 794-803 10.1118/1.596633 1:STN:280:By2D3MjksVQ%3D 1921889
109. E Ben-Hur MM Elkind BV. Bronk 1974 Thermally enhanced radioresponse of cultured Chinese hamster cells: Inhibition of repair of sublethal damage and enhancement of lethal damage Radiat Res 58 38-51 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czjsFegtQ%3D%3D 10876605
110. LE Gerweck B. Richards 1981 Influence of pH on the thermal sensitivity of cultured human glioblastoma cells Cancer Res 41 845-849 1:STN:280:Bi6C3M7ptVY%3D 7459870
111. M Hiraoka GM. Hahn 1989 Comparison between tumor pH and cell sensitivity to heat in RIF-1 tumors Cancer Res 49 3734-3736 1:STN:280:BiaB1cfgtV0%3D 2736514
112. J Haveman GM. Hahn 1981 The role of energy in hyperthermia induced mammalian cell inactivation: A study of the effects of glucose starvation and an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation J Cell Physiol 107 237-241 10.1002/jcp.1041070209 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXktVCrsbs%3D 7195908
113. L Harisiadis D Sung II N Kessaris EJ. Hall 1978 Hyperthermia and low-dose rate irradiation Radiology 129 195-198 693874
114. WC Dewey LE Hopwood SA Sapareto LE. Gerweck 1977 Cellular responses to combinations of hyperthermia and radiation Radiology 123 463-474 1:STN:280:CSiC2cbntVU%3D 322205
115. B Stea TC Cetas JR Cassady AN Guthkelch R Iacono B Lulu W Lutz E Obbens K Rossman J. Seeger 1990 Interstitial thermoradiotherapy of brain tumors: Preliminary results of a phase I clinical trial Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 19 1463-1471 1:STN:280:By6D1cnhsF0%3D 2175738
116. B Stea J Kittelson JR Cassady A Hamilton N Guthkelch B Lulu E Obbens K Rossman W Shapiro A. Shetter 1992 Treatment of malignant gliomas with interstitial irradiation and hyperthermia Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 24 657-667 1:STN:280:ByyD2MzptVU%3D 1429088
117. PK Sneed PR Stauffer PH Gutin TL Phillips S Suen KA. Weaver 2002 Interstitial irradiation and hyperthermia for the treatment of recurrent malignant brain tumors Neurosurgery 28 206-215
118. PK Sneed PR Stauffer MW McDermott CJ Diederich KR Lamborn MD Prados S Chang KA Weaver L Spry MK Malec SA Lamb B Voss RL Davis WM Wara DA Larson TL Phillips PH. Gutin 1998 Survival benefit of hyperthermia in a prospective randomized trial of brachytherapy boost +/- hyperthermia for glioblastoma multiforme Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 40 287-295 1:STN:280:DyaK1c7hs12ruw%3D%3D 9457811
119. J Rock ML Rosenblum EG Shaw JG. Cairncross 1999 Practical Management of Low-Grade Primary Brain Tumors Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Phiadelphia, PA 1-256
120. ABMF Karim B Maat R Hatlevoll J Menten EHJM Rutten DGT Thomas F. Mascarenhas 1996 A randomized trial on dose-response in radiation therapy of low-grade cerebral glioma: European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC) study 22844 Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 36 3 549-556 10.1016/S0360-3016(96)00352-5 1:STN:280:ByiC3cvhvVQ%3D 8948338
121. S Leibel GE Sheline WM Wara EB Boldrey SL. Nielsen 1975 The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of astrocytomas Cancer 35 1551-1557 1:STN:280:CSqB3cjhtFI%3D 1148989
122. EG Shaw C Daumas-Duport BW Scheithauer DT Gilbertson JR O'Fallon JD Earle ER Laws Jr H. Okazaki 1989 Radiation therapy in the management of low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas J Neurosurg 70 853-861 1:STN:280:BiaB3srnt1Q%3D 2715812
123. Afra W. Muller 1991 Recurrent low grade gliomas: Dedifferentiation and prospects of reoperation In: ER Karim Jr ER Laws Jr. (eds) Glioma: Principles and Practice in Neuro-oncology Springer-Verlag Heidelberg 189-203
124. MS Berger AV Deliganis J Dobbins GE. Keles 1972 The effect of resection on recurrence in patients with low grade cerebral hemisphere gliomas Cancer 74 1784-1791
125. JT. Fazekas 1977 Treatment of grades 1 and 2 brain astrocytomas: The role of radiotherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2 661-666 1:STN:280:CSiB2cbgtlA%3D 893171
126. ABMF Karim D Afra P Cornu NM Bleehen S Schraub O De Witte F Darcel S Stenning M Pierart MV. Van Glabbeke 2002 Randomized trial on the efficacy of radiotherapy for cerebral low-grade glioma in the adult: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Study 22845 with the Medical Research Council Study BR04: An interim analysis Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 52 316-324 11872276
127. FW Kreth M Faist PC Warnke R Rossner B Volk CB. Ostertag 1995 Interstitial radiosurgery of low-grade gliomas J Neurosurg 82 418-429 1:STN:280:ByqC28ritV0%3D 7861220
128. P Warnke A Berlis A Weyerbrock CB. Ostertag 1997 Significant reduction of seizure incidence and increase of benzodiazepine receptor density after interstitial radiosurgery in low-grade gliomas Acta Neurochir Suppl 68 90-92 1:STN:280:ByiA2sjot1U%3D 9233421
129. F Alesch R Hawliczek WT. Koos 1995 Interstitial irradiation of brain metastases Acta Neurochir Suppl 63 29-34 1:STN:280:BymC387ptF0%3D 7502724
130. K Matsumoto E Tada N Tamesa S Tomita T. Ohmoto 1998 Stereotactic brachytherapy for a cystic metastatic brain tumor in the midbrain Case report. J Neurosurg 88 141-144 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FotVamtw%3D%3D
131. PJ Chuba L Zamarano M Hamre K Bhambhani A Canady MB Guys A Matter G Portillo S Chung-bin J. Fontanesi 1998 Permanent I-125 brain stem implants in children Child Nerv Syst 14 570-577 10.1007/s003810050274 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FlsVWitA%3D%3D
132. DO Heros DL Kasdon M. Chun 1988 Brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent solitary brain metastases Neurosurgery 23 733-737 1:STN:280:BiaC3M3kvFI%3D 3216971
133. P Kumar AA Patil LG Leibrock W-K Chu J Syh G McCaul M. Reeves 1991 Brachytherapy: A viable alternative in the management of basal meningiomas Neurosurgery 29 676-680 10.1097/00006123-199111000-00006 1:STN:280:By2D2s3ovVQ%3D 1961396
134. M Schulder PM Black DC Shrieve E Alexander JS. Loeffler 1997 Permanent low-activity iodine-125 implants for cerebral metastases J Neurooncol 33 213-221 10.1023/A:1005798027813 1:STN:280:ByiA3sfptlc%3D 9195493
135. PH Gutin S Leibel Y Hosobuchi RL Crumley MS Edwards CB Wilson S Lamb KA. Weaver 1987 Brachytherapy of recurrent tumors of the skull base and spine with iodine-125 sources Neurosurgery 20 938-945 1:STN:280:BiiB1cjmsFE%3D 3614575
136. J Jaaskelainen LA. Marin 1995 Stereotactic radiotherapy of central nervous system tumors Duodecim 111 2028-2037 1:STN:280:ByiC2M%2FivVQ%3D 9841160
137. CH Chang J Horton D Schoenfeld O Salazer R Perez-Tamayo S Kramer A Weinstein JS Nelson Y. Tsukada 1983 Comparison of postoperative radiotherapy and combined postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the multidisciplinary management of malignant gliomas Cancer 52 997-1007 1:STN:280:BiyB1cvnsF0%3D 6349785
138. MS Mahaley C Mettlin N Natarajan ER Laws Jr BB. Peace 1989 National survey of patterns of care for brain-tumor patients J Neurosurg 71 826-836 2585073
139. GM Videtic LE Gaspar L Zamorano LW Stitt J Fontanesi KJ. Levin 2001 Implant volume as a prognostic variable in brachytherapy decision-making for malignant gliomas stratified by the RTOG recursive partitioning analysis Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 51 963-968 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mnlt1CktQ%3D%3D 11704318
140. LA Marin CE Smith MY Langston D Quashie LE. Dillehay 1991 Response of
141. CC Ling CS. Chui 1993 Stereotactic treatment of brain tumors with radioactive implants or external photon beams: Radiobiophysical aspects Radiother Oncol 26 11-18 1:STN:280:ByyC2svgt1A%3D 8438081
142. PK Sneed PH Gutin DA Larson MK Malec TL Phillips MD Prados CO Scharfen KA Weaver WM. Wara 1994 Patterns of recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme after external irradiation followed by implant boost Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 29 719-727 1:STN:280:ByuA3MvlvV0%3D 8040017
143. CB Agbi M Bernstein N Laperriere P Leung M. Lumley 1992 Patterns of recurrence of malignant astrocytoma following stereotactic interstitial brachytherapy with iodine-125 implants Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 23 321-326 1:STN:280:By2B28jovFY%3D 1587753
144. KE Wallner JH Galicich G. Krol E Arbit M. Malkin 1989 Patterns of failure following treatment for glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 16 1405-1409 1:STN:280:BiaB2MvmsFE%3D 2542195
145. M Bernstein N Laperriere J Glen P Leung C Thomason AE. Landon 1994 Brachytherapy for recurrent malignant astrocytoma Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 30 1213-1217 1:STN:280:ByqD2cbns1M%3D 7961031
146. EC Nwokedi SJ DiBiase S Jabbour J Herman PP Amin LS. Chin 2002 Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with glioblastoma multiforme Neurosurgery 50 1 41-45
147. JA Sarkaria MP Mehta JS Loeffler JM Buatti RJ Chappell AB. Levin 1995 Radiosurgery in the initial management of malignant gliomas: Survival comparison with the RTOG recursive partitioning analysis Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 32 4 931-941 1:STN:280:ByqA3s3gvFw%3D 7607967
148. DA Larson PH Gutin M McDermott KR Lamborn P Sneed Wara WM. 1996 Gamma knife for glioma: Selection factors and survival Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 36 5 1045-1053 1:STN:280:ByiC3sfgtVQ%3D 8985026
149. D Gannett B Stea B Lulu T Adair C Verdi A. Hamilton 1995 Stereotactic radiosurgery as an adjunct to surgery and external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 33 2 461-468 1:STN:280:ByqH3czitFI%3D 7673034
150. DC Shrieve E Alexander PY Wen HA Fine HM Kooy PM Black JS. Loeffler 1995 Comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery and brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme Neurosurgery 36 275-282 1:STN:280:ByqB2cbgs1Q%3D 7731507
151. L Souhami C Scott D Brachman E Podgorsak M Werner-Wasik R Lustig CJ. Schultz W Sause P Okunieff J Buckner L Zamorano M Mehta W. Curran 2002 Randomized prospective comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) followed by conventional radiotherapy (RT) with BCNU to RT with BCNU alone for selected patients with supratentorial Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). (2000). report of RTOG 93-05 protocul Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys 54 Suppl 94-95 10.1016/S0360-3016(02)03219-4
152. SW Lee BA Fraass LH Marsh K Herbort SS Gebarski MK Martel EK Radany AS Lichter HM. Sandler 1999 Patterns of failure following high-dose 3-D conformal radiotherapy for high-grade astrocytomas: A quantitative dosimetric study Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 43 79-88 10.1016/ S0360-3016(98)00266-1 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7kt1KhsQ%3D%3D 9989517
153. DC Shrieve E Alexander III PM Black PY Wen HA Fine HM Kooy JS. Loeffler 1999 Treatment of patients with primary glioblastoma multiforme with standard postoperative radiotherapy and radiosurgical boost: Prognostic factors and long-term outcome J Neurosurg 90 72-77 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzjvFGjsQ%3D%3D 10413158
154. MM Fitzek AF Thornton JD Babinov MH Lev FS Pardo JE Munzenrider P Okunieff M Bussiere I Braun FH Hochberg ET Hedley-Whyte NJ Liebsch IV. Harsh GR 1999 Accelerated fractionated proton/photon irradiation to 90 colbalt gray equivalent for glioblastoma multiforme: Results of a phase II prospective trial J Neurosurg 91 251-260 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzmtVKqtw%3D%3D 10433313
155. M Chun P McKeough A Wu D Kasdon D Heros H.. Chang 2002 Interstitial iridium-192 implantation for malignant brian tumours Brit J Rad 62 158-162
156. G Lucas G Luxton D Cohen P Zbigniew B Langholz MLJ Apuzzo MD. Sapozink 1991 Treatment Results of Stereotactic Interstitial Brachytherapy for Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21 715-721 1:STN:280:By6A3s7ptVY%3D 1651307
157. TC Ryken PW Hitchon JC VanGilder BC Wen S. Jani 1994 Interstitial brachytherapy versus cytoreductive surgery in recurrent malignant glioma Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 63 241-245 1:STN:280:ByqA2M%2FkvFI%3D 7624640
158. M Scerrati P Montemaggi M Iacoangeli R Roselli GF. Rossi 1994 Interstitial brachytherapy for low-grade cerebral gliomas: Analysis of results in a series of 36 cases Acta Neurochir 131 97-105 10.1007/ BF01401459 1:STN:280:ByqB38rhsVU%3D
159. MD Prados S Leibel CM Barnett PH. Gutin 1989 Interstitial brachytherapy for metastatic brain tumors Cancer 63 657-660 1:STN:280:BiaC3MbjsVM%3D 2914271
160. FG Barker II MD Prados SM Chang PH Gutin KR Lamborn DA. Larson 1996 Radiation response and survival time in patients with glioblastoma multiforme J Neurosurg 84 442-448 8609556
161. VA Levin P Silver J Hannigan WM Wara PH Gutin RL Davis CB. Wilson 1990 Superiority of post-radiotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy with CCNU, Procarbazine, and Vincristine (PCV) over BCNU for anaplastic gliomas: NCOG 6G61 final report Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 18 321-324 1:STN:280:By%2BC2MzlvFc%3D 2154418
162. V Do V Gebski MB. Barton 2000 The effect of waiting for radiotherapy for grade III/IV gliomas Radiother Oncol 57 131-136 10.1016/ S0167-8140(00)00257-7 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FovFensg%3D%3D 11054516
163. P Dirks M Bernstein PJ Muller WS. Tucker 1993 The value of reoperation for recurrent glioblastoma Can J Surg 36 3 271-275 1:STN:280:ByyA3MznvVQ%3D 8391917
164. GR Harsh IV VA Levin PH Gutin M Seager P Silver CB. Wilson 1987 Reoperation for recurrent glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma Neurosurgery 21 5 615-621 2827052
165. M Ammirati JH Galicich E Arbit Y. Liao 1987 Reoperation in the treatment of recurrent intracranial malignant gliomas Neurosurgery 21 5 607-613 1:STN:280:BieD1Mrgt1w%3D 2827051
166. GE Laramore KL Martz SJ Nelson TW Griffin CH Chang J. Horton 1989 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) survival data on anaplastic astrocytomas of the brain: Does a more aggressive form of treatment adversely impact survival? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 17 1351-1356 1:STN:280:By%2BD1Mzpt1A%3D
167. MD Prados PH Gutin TL Phillips WM Wara DA Larson P Sneed RL Davis DK Ahn KR Lamborn CB. Wilson 1992 Highly anaplastic astrocytoma: A review of 357 patients treated between 1977 and 1989 Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 23 3-8 1:STN:280:By2B2c3hslY%3D 1572829
168. DF Nelson JS Nelson DR Davis CH Chang TW Griffin TF. Pajak 1985 Survival and prognosis of patients with astrocytoma with atypical or anaplastic features J Neurooncol 3 99-103 1:STN:280:BiqB1M7pvVM%3D 4031977
169. GW Marsa DR Goffinet LT. Rubinstein 1975 Megavoltage irradiation in the treatment of gliomas of the brain and spinal cord Cancer 36 1681-1689 1:STN:280:CSmD28vgsVM%3D 172217
170. ER Laws Jr WF Taylor MB Clifton H. Okazaki 1984 Neurosurgical management of low-grade astrocytoma of the cerebral hemispheres J Neurosurg 61 665-673 6470776
171. EG Shaw R Arusell BW Scheithauer JR O'Fallon B O'Neill R Dinapoli DF Nelson JD Earle C Jones T Cascino D Nichols R Ivnik R Hellman WJ Curran R. Abrams 2002 Prospective randomized trial of low- versus high-dose radiation therapy in adults with supratentorial low-grade glioma: initial report of a North Central Cancer Treatment Group/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/ Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study J Clin Oncol 20 2267-2276 10.1200/JCO.2002.09.126 1:STN:280:DC%2BD383ktlektg%3D%3D 11980997