Experimental characterization of radio wave propagation in hospitals

IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 304-311

  Schäfer, Thomas M ^a   Maurer, Jürgen ^a   von Hagen, Jürgen ^a   Wiesbeck, Werner ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KARLSRUHE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Clinics; Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); Hospitals; Measurements; Mobile communications; Wall attenuation; Wave propagation

Indexed keywords

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ATTENUATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE INTERFERENCE; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE REFLECTION; HOSPITALS; MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; RADIO WAVES; SLOT ANTENNAS; WALLS (STRUCTURAL PARTITIONS);

CLINICS; MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS; RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION; WALL ATTENUATION; WAVE PROPAGATION MEASUREMENTS;

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE TRANSMISSION;

EID: 20444490748     PISSN: 00189375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2005.847376     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. W. C. Y. Lee, Mobile Communications Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982.
2. H. Hashemi, "The indoor radio propagation channel," Proc. IEEE, vol. 81, no. 7, pp. 943-968, Jul. 1993.
3. R. Frenkiel, "A brief history of mobile communications," IEEE Vehicular Technology Society News, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 4-7, May 2002.
4. "Medical electrical equipment Part 1: General requirements for safety. 2. Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements and tests," IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, IEC 60 601-1-2, 2001.
5. D. Adler, L. Margulies, Y. Mahler, and A. Israeli, "Measurements of electromagnetic fields radiated from communication equipment and of environmental electromagnetic noise: Impact on the use of communication equipment within the hospital," Biomed. Instrum. Technol., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 581-590, Nov./Dec. 1998.
6. H. Grant, "Managing electromagnetic compatibility between wireless and medical devices," Compl. Eng. Eur., pp. 26-31, May/Jun. 1999.
7. R. M. Nelson and H. Ji, "Electric and magnetic fields created by electrosurgical units," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 55-64, Feb. 1999.
8. S. M. Boyd, W. S. Boivin, J. N. Coletta, D. C. Harris, and L. M. Neunaber, "Documenting radiated electromagnetic fieldstrength in the hospital environment," J. Clin. Eng., pp. 124-133, Mar./Apr. 1999.
9. M. P. Robinson, I. D. Flintoft, and A. C. Marvin, "Interference to medical equipment from mobile phones," J. Med. Eng. Technol., vol. 21, no. 3-4, pp. 141-146, 1997.
10. E. Hanada, Y. Antoku, S. Tani, A. Kimura, S. Hasegawa, K. Urano, Y. Ohe, K. Yamaki, and Y. Nose, "Electromagnetic interference on medical equipment by low-power mobile telecommunication systems," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 470-476, Nov. 2000.
11. J. L. Silberberg, "Achieving medical device EMC: The role of regulations, standards, guidelines and publications," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2001, pp. 1298-1303.
12. J. J. Morrissey, M. Swicord, and Q. Balzano, "Characterization of electromagnetic inteference of medical devices in the hospital due to cell phones," Health Phys., vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 45-51, Jan. 2002.
13. "Recommended practice for an on-site, ad hoc test method for estimating radiated electromagnetic immunity of medical devices to specific radio frequency transmitters,", Washington, DC, ANSI C63.18, 1999.
14. E. Hanada, Y. Watanabe, Y. Antoku, Y. Kenjo, H. Nutahara, and Y. Nose, "Hospital construction materials: Poor shielding capacity with respect to signals transmitted by mobile telephones," Biomed. Instrum. Technol., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 489-496, Sep./Oct. 1998.
15. D. Davis, B. Segal, C. W. Trueman, R. Calzadilla, and T. Pavlasek, "Measurement of indoor propagation at 850 MHz and 1.9 GHz in hospital corridors," in Proc. IEEE-APS Conf. Antennas Propagation for Wireless Communications, 2000, pp. 77-80.
16. B. D. Steinberg and H. M. Subbaram, Microwave Imaging Techniques. New York: Wiley, 1989.
17. I. N. Bronstein and K. A. Semendjajew, Book of Mathematics (in German), 25th ed. Teubner, Leipzig, Germany, 1991.
18. J. van Bladel, "Field penetration through small apertures: The first-order correction," Radio Sci., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 319-331, Mar./Apr. 1979.
19. J. von Hagen, Wide Band Electromagnetic Coupling to a Cavity: An Integral Representation Based Model. Karlsruhe, Germany: Inst. Höchstfrequenztechnik Elektronik, Univ. Karlsruhe, 1997.
20. A. Schwab, Electromagnetic Compatibility (in German), 4th ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1996.