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Volumn 77, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 629-646

The impact of the state on workers' conditions - Comparing Taiwanese factories in China and Vietnam

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LABOR STANDARD;

EID: 20444483612     PISSN: 0030851X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (57)

References (59)
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    • This is common knowledge that has not been the subject of academic study. But in talking to Chinese workers, Chinese newspaper reporters, trade union officials in China and in the Asian region, labour NGOs in the US, ILO officials and Western managers working in China, there is a widespread belief that the Koreans and the Taiwanese are the most abusive managers. For the behaviour of Korean investors abroad, see "Korea Exporting Tough Labor Practices - Some of the Country's Overseas Plants Abuse their Workers, Critics Say," Asian Wall Street Journal , 18 July 1996, p. 1.
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    • note
    • Based on an interview in 1996 with a Taiwanese manager in Dongguan, China, and interviews in 2001 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  • 16
    • 20444484249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The Vietnamese field data can be broken down further as follows: 1) in-depth interviews by Wang Hongzen with 36 Taiwanese investors in July and August 2001 in Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, Hanoi and Haiphong; 2) interviews with 12 PRC cadres working for Taiwanese factories in northern and southern Vietnam in December 2001; 3) interviews conducted together by Wang and Chan in 2002 in Ho Chi Minh City with Taiwanese and Vietnamese officials, Vietnamese trade union officials, Vietnamese NGOs, Western monitoring companies and US officials; 4) interviews with 11 workers in Hanoi and Haiphong in 2001 by Wang, and 16 workers in Ho Chi Minh City and Dong Nai in 2002 by both authors; and 5) a study tour hosted by the Vietnamese trade union undertaken by Chan in northern Vietnam in 1997.
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    • note
    • Both of these interviews with the two Taiwanese Business Associations were conducted with members of their executive committees as a group.
  • 18
    • 0346957342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Disciplinary Labor Regimes in Chinese Factories"
    • A more detailed description of the survey is found in
    • A more detailed description of the survey is found in Anita Chan and Zhu Xiaoyang, "Disciplinary Labor Regimes in Chinese Factories," Critical Asian Studies, vol. 35, no. 4 (2003), pp. 559-84.
    • (2003) Critical Asian Studies , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 559-584
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    • Reporting on abusive labour practices in the Chinese press is commonplace, especially in Guangdong. For details of such reports, see (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe), 46-56
    • Reporting on abusive labour practices in the Chinese press is commonplace, especially in Guangdong. For details of such reports, see Anita Chan, China's Workers Under Assault: The Exploitation of Labor in a Globalizing Economy (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2001), pp. 46-56, 97-106.
    • (2001) China's Workers Under Assault: The Exploitation of Labor in a Globalizing Economy , pp. 97-106
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    • "Yuenan Taishang fangtan jilu"
    • The interviews were done collectively by Wang and other Taiwanese scholars, including Dr. Yen-fen Tseng, Dr. I-chun Kung, Dr. Su-ching Jou and Dr. Han-pi Chang, in the summer of 2001. The transcripts of these interviews are bound in an unpublished volume entitled, compiled by the Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University, summer
    • The interviews were done collectively by Wang and other Taiwanese scholars, including Dr. Yen-fen Tseng, Dr. I-chun Kung, Dr. Su-ching Jou and Dr. Han-pi Chang, in the summer of 2001. The transcripts of these interviews are bound in an unpublished volume entitled, "Yuenan Taishang fangtan jilu" [Interview Records with Taiwanese Business People in Vietnam], vols. 1-2, compiled by the Department of Sociology, National Taiwan University, summer 2001.
    • (2001) , vol.1-2
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    • note
    • This sampling was conducted outside the factory after one of us had interviewed management to see whether the factory was still violating work hours after their Western client found out about the long work hours. The 16 workers generally reported work hours were no longer excessively long, but, as can be seen, most of them were not aware of the legal maximum.
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    • note
    • Their preferences for overtime work were in various combinations: three hours a day, for four days a week; or four hours a day, three days a week; or three hours a day, three days a week; or two to three hours a day plus four to six hours on Sunday. In other words, they took a 12-hour day and 60-hour week as maximums.
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    • Perry Link, Richard Madsen and Paul Pickowicz, eds, (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield)
    • Anita Chan, "The Culture of Survival: Lives of Migrant Workers Through the Prism of Private Letters," in Perry Link, Richard Madsen and Paul Pickowicz, eds, Popular China: Unofficial Culture in a Globalizing Society (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002), pp. 163-188;
    • (2002) Popular China: Unofficial Culture in a Globalizing Society , pp. 163-188
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    • 20444495038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • For example, a weekly newspaper published by the Guangdong trade union federation, Dogongren [The Migrant], devoted the entire front page of its 12 April 2002 issue to a discussion of whether this widespread system of arbitrary detention had abated since the supposed reduction of the temporary residence permit fees in January three months earlier.
  • 37
    • 3242699843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Powers of Police to Detain Migrants will be Scrapped"
    • 19 June
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    • (2003) South China Morning Post
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  • 38
    • 2142663175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
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    • (March)
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    • (2004) The China Quarterly , Issue.177 , pp. 115-132
    • Wang, F.-L.1
  • 40
    • 20444473541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • For example, among the 42 factories where the Taiwanese sociologists conducted interviews with management, only one factory had dormitories. This is also the observation made by a Western corporate compliance officer and a staff member of a social auditor firm, both of whom have visited many foreign-funded factories in the Ho Chi Minh City area.
  • 41
    • 20444469011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • This was a Taiwanese-owned factory registered as a Vietnamese factory. Most likely, it was allowed to build a dormitory because it was not registered as foreign owned.
  • 42
    • 20444467413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • This interview was conducted in March 2002 in Hong Kong. That foreign-owned factories do not have dormitories is also confirmed by staff members of a Vietnamese-based American social auditing company and by an American NGO that grants corporate social responsibility licences.
  • 44
    • 20444491723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Law on Trade Unions, 1995, chapter XIII, articles 155, clause 3.
  • 45
    • 20444463778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Gei gonghui zhuxi dingzao yijian 'bidanyi'"
    • 16 March
    • Huang Xiong, "Gei gonghui zhuxi dingzao yijian 'bidanyi'" [Make to Order a 'Bullet-Proof Vest'for the Trade Union Chairs], Nanfang gongbai [Southern Labor News], 16 March 2003.
    • (2003) Nanfang Gongbai [Southern Labor News]
    • Xiong, H.1
  • 46
    • 0031659237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Vietnamese and Chinese Labour Regimes: On the Road to Divergence"
    • [July]
    • Anita Chan and Irene Norlund, "Vietnamese and Chinese Labour Regimes: On the Road to Divergence," The China Journal, no. 40 [July 1998), pp. 173-197.
    • (1998) The China Journal , Issue.40 , pp. 173-197
    • Chan, A.1    Norlund, I.2
  • 47
    • 20444441284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Taiwanese trade office seeks labor unions' help"
    • (original report from Lao Dong), 23 January
    • "Taiwanese trade office seeks labor unions' help," Viet Nam News (original report from Lao Dong), 23 January 2002, p. 4.
    • (2002) Viet Nam News , pp. 4
  • 48
    • 20444466642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Wang received this information in writing from the official.
  • 49
    • 0042970661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Moral Universe of Aggrieved Chinese Workers: Workers' Appeal to Arbitration Committees and Letters and Visits Offices"
    • (July)
    • Isabelle Thireau and Hua Linshan, "The Moral Universe of Aggrieved Chinese Workers: Workers' Appeal to Arbitration Committees and Letters and Visits Offices," The China Journal, no. 50 (July 2003), pp. 83-103.
    • (2003) The China Journal , Issue.50 , pp. 83-103
    • Thireau, I.1    Linshan, H.2
  • 50
    • 4544237506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Legal Mobilization by Trade Unions: The Case of Shanghai"
    • In Shanghai, where the Shanghai General Trade Unions is reportedly one of t he most active unions in China, with a strong leadership, about 20 percent of the workers involved in labour disputes seek help from the union. (July)
    • In Shanghai, where the Shanghai General Trade Unions is reportedly one of t he most active unions in China, with a strong leadership, about 20 percent of the workers involved in labour disputes seek help from the union. Feng Chen, "Legal Mobilization by Trade Unions: The Case of Shanghai," The China Journal, no. 52 (July 2004), pp. 27-48.
    • (2004) The China Journal , Issue.52 , pp. 27-48
    • Chen, F.1
  • 51
    • 20444487093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Law on Trade Unions, 1995, chapter I, articles 1, clause 3.
  • 52
    • 20444431657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Based on information provided by a staff member of SGS Vietnam Ltd., an auditing firm in Ho Chi Minh City, and by a trade union leader interviewed on 25 January, 2002. An SA8000 certification was mandated by the US government and was a condition of the US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement signed in 1999.
  • 53
    • 20444444413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "SAI Vietnam Program Update"
    • Social Accountability International & SA8000 e-update, December, sent to authors via e-mail
    • "SAI Vietnam Program Update," Social Accountability International & SA8000 e-update, December 2002, sent to authors via e-mail.
    • (2002)
  • 54
    • 20444452637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vietnam's textile and apparel industry produces about 15 percent of Vietnam's exports and employs 1.6 million workers (Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, June)
    • Vietnam's textile and apparel industry produces about 15 percent of Vietnam's exports and employs 1.6 million workers (Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, June 2002).
    • (2002)
  • 55
    • 20444472880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Trade Union Law, article 4, clause 1.
  • 56
    • 0039995964 scopus 로고
    • "The Struggle to Dictate China's Administration: The Conflict of Branches vs Areas vs Reform"
    • (July)
    • Jonathan Unger, "The Struggle to Dictate China's Administration: The Conflict of Branches vs Areas vs Reform," The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, no. 18 (July 1987), pp. 15-45.
    • (1987) The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs , Issue.18 , pp. 15-45
    • Unger, J.1
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    • "Vietnamese and Chinese Labour Regimes; On the Road to Divergence"
    • (July)
    • Anita Chan and Irene Norlund, "Vietnamese and Chinese Labour Regimes; On the Road to Divergence," The China Journal, no. 40 (July 1988), p. 193.
    • (1988) The China Journal , Issue.40 , pp. 193
    • Chan, A.1    Norlund, I.2


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