'Breed out the colour' or the importance of being white

Australian Historical Studies

Volumn 33, Issue 120, 2002, Pages 286-302

  McGregor, Russell ^a  

^a JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 20444450851     PISSN: 1031461X     EISSN: 19405049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10314610208596220     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. See for example Lorimer Fison and A.W. Howitt, Kamilaroi and Kurnai (Melbourne: George Robertson, 1880), 186
2. Peter Read, The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal People in NSW 1883 to 1969 (Sydney: NSW Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs, 1981), 5-8
3. David Hollinsworth, Race and Racism in Australia (Katoomba: Social Science Press, 2nd edn, 1998), 121-4
4. Heather Goodall, 'New South Wales', in Contested Ground: Australian Aborigines under the British Crown, ed. Ann McGrath (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1995), 76-7
5. Richard Broome, Aboriginal Australians: Black Responses to White Dominance 1788-1994 (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2nd edn, 1994), 134
6. Russell McGregor, Imagined Destinies: Aboriginal Australians and the Doomed Race Theory, 1880-1939 (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1997), 129-34, 137
7. Norman Tindale, 'Survey of the Half-caste Problem in South Australia', Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (South Australian Branch), 42 (1940-41): 68
8. CD. Rowley, Outcastes in White Australia (Canberra: ANU Press, 1971), especially 20-5, 41-61
9. Broome, Aboriginal Australians, 161-3
10. Anna Haebich, For Their Own Good: Aborigines and Government in the Southwest of Western Australia, 1900-1940 (Perth: University of Western Australia Press, 1988) 348-51
11. Pat Jacobs, Mister Neville: A Biography (Fremantle: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 1990), 240, 262
12. P.P. McGuinness, 'Poor Fella My "Stolen Generation", Quadrant 43, no. 11 (November 1999): 2
13. Robert Manne, In Denial: The Stolen Generations and the Right (Melbourne: Schwartz Publishing, 2001), 64-5
14. Tony Austin, 'Cecil Cook, Scientific Thought and "Half-castes" in the Northern Territory 1927-1939', Aboriginal History 14, no. 1 (1990): 115
15. Jacobs, Mister Neville, 195, 260-1
16. McGregor, Imagined Destinies, 173-80
17. J.A. Carrodus, Report on the Northern Territory, 20 November 1934, Commonwealth Record Series (hereafter CRS) Al, 34/10021, National Archives of Australia, Canberra (hereafter NAA)
18. Haebich, 353-4. On the inadequate funding of Northern Territory Aboriginal administration see Andrew Markus, Governing Savages (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1990), especially chapter 2
19. Australian National Missionary Conference, 1937: Report (Sydney: National Missionary Council of Australia, 1937), 70
20. Aboriginal Welfare: Initial Conference of Commonwealth and State Aboriginal Authorities (Canberra: Government Printer, 1937), 11
21. Herbert Basedow, The Australian Aboriginal (Adelaide: F,W. Preece and Sons, 1925), 59
22. Russell McGregor, 'An Aboriginal Caucasian: Some Uses for Racial Kinship in Early Twentieth Century Australia', Australian Aboriginal Studies I (1996): 11-14
23. Luanda Aberdeen, 'Australian Scientific Research, "Aboriginal Blood" and the Racial Imaginary', in Crotty et. al. 101-11
24. Frederic Wood Jones, Australia's Vanishing Race (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1934)
25. Jones, 'The Aborigines of Australia', in the British Medical Association, Victorian branch. The Book of Melbourne, Australia, 1935 (Glebe: Australasian Medical Publishing Co., 1935), 109-19
26. Mary Bennett, The Australian Aboriginal as a Human Being (London: Alston Rivers, 1930), 13
27. Fiona Paisley, Loving Protection? Australian Feminism and Aboriginal Women's Rights 1919-1939 (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2000)
28. John Patten and William Ferguson, Aborigines Claim Citizen Rights! A Statement of the Case for the Aborigines' Progressive Association (Sydney: The Publicist, 1937), 11
29. A.P. Elkin, The Australian Aborigines: How to Understand Them (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1938), 1-5
30. A.O. Neville, Australia's Coloured Minority: Its Place in the Community (Sydney: Currawong, 1947), 58-63
31. Jacobs, Mister Neville, 193-4
32. W.K. Hancock, Australia (London: Ernest Benn, 1930)
33. Tim Rowse, Australian Liberalism and National Character (Melbourne: Kibble Books, 1978)
34. J.B. Cleland, The Native of Central Australia and his Surroundings', Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, South Australian Branch 35 (1933-34): 76-7, 81
35. Pat O'Malley, 'Gentle Genocide: The Government of Aboriginal Peoples in Central Australia', Social Justice 21, no. 4 (Winter 1994): 52-3
36. 'The Control and Care of Half-caste Children in Queensland', in The Half- caste Aborigines of North and Central Australia: Suggestions Towards Solving the Problem (Sydney: Association for the Protection of Native Races, 1930), 7-11
37. 'The Aborigines: Past and Present Treatment by the State' in White and Black in Australia, ed. J.S. Needham (London: National Missionary Council, 1935), 38-62
38. Quoted in Patricia Jacobs, 'Science and Veiled Assumptions: Miscegenation in W.A. 1930-1937', Australian Aboriginal Studies, no. 2 (1986): 18
39. See also David Paul, "A Man of Many Parts": Cyril Phillips Bryan and Western Australian Aboriginal Affairs Policy in the 1930s', in Crotty et. al, 91-9
40. Douglas Cole, "The Crimson Thread of Kinship": Ethnic Ideas in Australia, 1870-1914', Historical Studies 14..no. 56 (April 1971): 511-25
41. Peter Cochrane, 'Anglo-Saxonness: Ancestors and Identity', Communal/Plural no. 4, (1994): 1-16
42. Cochrane, 'Britishness in Australia', Voices 6, no. 3 (1996-97): 63-74
43. Robert Birrell, A Nation of Our Own: Citizenship and Nation-building in Federation Australia (Melbourne: Longman, 1995), especially 11-13, 251-4
44. John Hirst, The Sentimental Nation: The Making of the Australian Commonwealth (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2000)
45. cf Humphrey McQueen, A New Britannia: An Argument Concerning the Social Origins of Australian Radicalism and Nationalism (Melbourne: Penguin, rev. edn, 1986), 268
46. Elaine Thompson, Fair Enough: Egalitarianism in Australia (Sydney: UNSW Press, 1994), 46
47. Anthony Smith, Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995), 99
48. Smith, National Identity (London: Penguin, 1991), 13
49. Smith, The Nation in History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism (Hanover: University Press of New England, 2000), 4, 25-6
50. Arguably, the general shift of emphasis in Australian nationalism over the course of the twentieth century has been away from the ethnic components toward the civic, though this shift was (and is) never total. Raymond Breton ('From Ethnic to Civic Nationalism: English Canada and Quebec', Ethnic and Racial Studies 11, no. 1 (1988): 85-102) has advanced this argument in relation to a comparable settler society, Canada
51. see also Smith, Nation in History, 16
52. Quoted in Myra Willard, History of the White Australia Policy (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1923), 211
53. Smith, Ethnic Origins, 24
54. 'Would You Welcome Marriage with a Half-caste?', Health and Physical Culture (1 July 1937), 20-1, 24
55. See for example Patrick Wolfe, Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology: The Politics and Poetics of an Ethnographic Event (London: Cassell, 1999), 11
56. see Frank Dikotter, 'Review Essay: Race Culture: Recent Perspectives on the History of Eugenics', American Historical Review 103, no. 2 (April 1998): 467-78
57. Diane Paul, Controlling Human Heredity: 1865 to the Present (New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1995)
58. Nancy Stepan, 'The Hour of Eugenics': Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991). For Australian studies in this vein
59. see Michael Roe, Nine Australian Progressives: Vitalism in Bourgeois Social Thought (Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 1984)
60. Stephen Garton, 'Sir Charles Mackellar: Psychiatry, Eugenics and Child Welfare in New South Wales, 1900-1914', Australian Historical Studies 22, no. 86 (April 1986): 21-34
61. Garton,'Sound Minds and Healthy Bodies: Re-considering Eugenics in Australia', Australian Historical Studies 26, no. 103 (October 1994): 163-81
62. Stephen Garton, 'Writing Eugenics: A History of Classifying Practices', in Crotty et. al., 11
63. Austin nonetheless regards absorption as a eugenic strategy. See also Jacobs, 'Veiled Assumptions', 19, 21
64. Daniel Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity (London: Penguin, 1986), 75, 319
65. Paul, Heredity, 111-14
66. Alan Charlton, 'Colour Counts: Norman Tindale and the Mathematics of Race', in Crotty et. al, 81-2
67. Paul, 'Man of Many Parts', 94-5
68. Jacobs, 'Veiled Assumptions', 18, 20
69. William Morley, 'Review of the Chief Protector's. Conference at Canberra, April, 1937: With Comments and Criticisms from the Viewpoint of the A.P.N.R.', The Aborigines Protector 1, no. 5 (June 1938): 13-24
70. see also Morley, 'Association for the Protection of Native Races: Twenty- seventh Annual Report, Year 1937-38', The Aborigines Protector 1, no. 6 (January 1939): 22
71. Tom Wright, New Deal for the Aborigines (Sydney: Forward Press, 1939), 19
72. Robert Manne, 'The Stolen Generations', Quadrant 42, no. 1-2 (January-February 1998): 61-3
73. Ernest Renan, 'What is a Nation?' (1882) in Becoming National, ed. Geoff Eley and Ronald Suny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 44-5
74. See also Benedict Anderson's insightful commentary on Renan and 'forgetting'; Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, rev. edn, 1991), 199-201