Affairs of the heart: Hate crime and the poeitics of crime controe

Law and Critique

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 331-344

  Moran, Leslie J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Crime control; David garland; Feminism; Hate crime; Homophobic violence; Law's violence; Lesbian and gay

Indexed keywords

EID: 20444442917     PISSN: 09578536     EISSN: 15728617     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1013758417185     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. 'A cancer in the heart of society' is the title to an article published in the 'New Law Journal' on the 4th of August 2000 by Martin Bowley, an out gay Queen's Counsel and a member of the recent sexual offences review committee. The 'cancer' to which Bowley refers has a particular form; the actions of David Copeland, who stood trial, and was found guilty of causing explosions in Brixton, Brick Lane and murder arising out of a bombing of the gay bar, 'The Admiral Duncan' in Soho. Following counsel for the prosecution, Bowley calls these acts by the phrase 'hate crime'.
2. On metaphors of illness see S. Sontag, Illness as Metaphor (London: Penguin, 1991).3 The 'heart' was a recurring theme in the media reports of the bombing of a gay bar in London's Soho. This was described as a bombing at the heart of London. In turn London was the heart of the nation.
3. V. Jenness and K. Broad, Hate Crimes: New Social Movements and the Politics of Violence (Hawthorne: Aldine de Gruyter, 1997)
4. and V. Jenness and R. Grattet, Building the Hate Crime Policy Domaine (Russell Sage Foundation, forthcoming); G. Mason and S. Tomsen, eds., Homophobic Violence (Sydney: The Hawkins Press, 1997).
5. V. Jenness and K. Broad, supra n. 4, at 172.
6. For example in the USA the death of Matthew Shepard; in the UK the Soho bombing of 1999.7 D. Garland, The Culture of Control (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 6.
7. E.M. Lawrence, Punishing Hate: Bias Crimes under American Law (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999); J.B. Jacobs and K. Potter, Hate Crimes: Criminal law and identity politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).
8. See J.B. Jacobs and K. Potter, supra n. 8.
9. A. Crawford, The Local Governance of Crime: Appeals to Community and Partnerships (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).
10. E. Stanko, Fear of Crime and the Myth of the Safe Home: A feminist critique of Criminology', in K. Yello and M. Bograd, eds., Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse (London: Sage, 1988), 75-88;
11. E. Stanko, 'Women, Crime and Fear', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 539 (1995), 46-58;
12. E. Stanko, 'Warnings to Women: Police Advice and Women's Safety in Britain', Violence Against Women 2(1) (1998), 479-4199.
13. K. Corteen, 'Eesbian Safety Talk', Sexualities (forthcoming).
14. E. Stanko, supra n. 12 at 75-88; E. Stanko, Everyday Violence (Eondon: Pandora, 1990).
15. R. Pain, 'Social Geography of Women's Fear of Crime', Transactions of the Institute off British Geographers 22(2) (1997), 231-244; E. Saraga, 'Dangerous Places: The Family as a Site of Crime', in J. Muncie and E. McEaughlin eds., The Problem of Crime (Eondon: Sage, 1996), 184-227; G. Valentine, 'The Geography of Women's Fear', Area 24(1) (1989), 385-390; G. Valentine, 'Images of Danger: Women's Sources of Information about the Spatial Distribution of Male Violence', Area 24(1) (1992), 385-390.
16. E. Stanko and P. Curry, 'Homophobic Violence and the 'Self at Risk: Interrogating the Boundaries', in E.J. Moran, ed., 'Eegal Perversions', a special edition of Social and Legal Studies 6(4) (1997), 513-532.
17. Lancashire Police, Action Against Hate Crime: An Information Leaflet from the Lancashire Constabulary (Preston: Lancashire Police, 1999).
18. Greater Manchester Lesbian and Gay Policing Initiative Lesbians' Experiences of Violence and Harassment (Manchester, 1999); A. Chapman and G. Mason, 'Women, Sexual Preference and Discrimination Law: A Case Study of the NSW Jurisdiction', Sydney Law Review 21 (2000), 523-566.
19. L. Stanko, 'Safety Talk: Conceptualising Women's Risk Assessment as a 'Technology of the Self ', Theoretical Criminology 1(4) (1997), 479-499; L. Stanko and P. Curry, supra n. 15 at 513-532.
20. A. Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990).
21. Bauman's analysis associates the rise of insecurity and uncertainty with global capitalism. See Z. Bauman, Postmodernity and its Discontents (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998).
22. Simon offers an analysis of these shifts in the US by way of Durkheim and Elias in ' 'Entitlement to Cruelty': Neo-Eiberalism and the Punitive Mentality in the United States', in K. Stenson and R.R. Sullivan, eds., Crime, Risk and Justice: The Politics of Crime Control in Liberal Democracies (Cullompton: Wilan Publishing, 2001), 125-143.
23. E.I. Madriz, 'Images of Criminals and Victims: A Study of Women's Fear and Social Control', 2, Gender and Society 11(3) (1997), 342-356; E. Stanko, supra n. 12, at 75-88.
24. E. Stanko, supra n. 15, at 479-499.
25. E. Stanko, 'Identities and Criminal Violence: Observations on Eaw's Recognition of Vulnerable Victims in England and Wales', Studies in Law, Politics and Society 16 (1999) 99-119.;
26. S. Tomsen, 'Queer and Safe: Combating violence with Gentrified Sexual Identities', in C. Johnston and P. van Reyk, eds., Queer City: Gay and Lesbian Politics in Sydney (Sydney: Pluto Press, 2001).
27. L.J. Moran, The homosexual(ity) of Law (Eondon: Routledge, 1996); E. Doan, Fashioning Sapphism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001); E. Dugan, SapphicSlashers (Durham, Duke University Press, 2000); L. Hart, Fatal Women (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
28. For example see B. Loffreda, Losing Matt Shepard: Life and Politics in the Aftermath of Anti-Gay Murder, New York (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000) which raises these issues in the context of the trial in Wyoming USA of the killers of Matthew Shepard.
29. R. Cover, 'Violence and the Word', Yale Law Journal 95 (1986) 1601-1629; J. Derrida, 'Force of Law: The Mystical Foundation of Authority', in D. Cornell, M. Rosenfeld and D.G. Carlson, eds., Deconstruction and the Possibility of Justice (London: Routledge 1992), 3-67. 1990, A. Sarat and T.R. Kearns, eds., Law's Violence (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993).
30. S. Merry, 'Resistance and the Cultural Power of Law', Law and Society Review 29(1) (1995), 11-26.
31. See for example R. Wintermute, Sexual Orientation and Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997); N. Bamforth, Sexuality, Morals and Justice (London: Cassell, 1997).31 Examples of work that explores this relation with particular reference to 'rights' includes D. Herman, Rights of Passage: Struggles for Lesbian and Gay Legal Equality (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994); C.F. Stychin, Nation by Rights: National Cultures, Sexual Identity Politics and the Discourse of Rights (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998).
32. R. Robson, Sappho Goes to Law School (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998).
33. L. Scalettar, 'Resistance, Representation and the Subject of Violence: Reading Hothead Paisan', in J.A. Boone et al., eds., Queer Frontiers: Millenial Geographies, Genders and Generations (Madison: University of Wisconsin, 2000), 261-278.
34. R. Robson, supra n. 32, at 16.35 A. Sarat, ' Vengence, Victims and the Identities of Law', Social and Legal Studies 6(2) (1997), 163-189.
35. J. Simon, ' 'Entitlement to Cruelty': Neo-Liberalism and the Punitive Mentality in the United States', in K. Stenson and R.R. Sullivan, eds., supra n. 22, at 125-143.