Neoliberal reform, governance and corruption in Central America: Exploring the Nicaraguan case

Political Geography

Volumn 24, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 601-630

  Brown, Ed ^a   Cloke, Jonathan ^b  

^a LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Corruption; Governance; Neoliberalism; Nicaragua

Indexed keywords

CORRUPTION; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; NEOLIBERALISM;

CENTRAL AMERICA; NICARAGUA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 20444435936     PISSN: 09626298     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2005.01.008     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. P. Abramovici Corruption: A necessary evil? Johannesburg Mail December 01, 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
2. A. Alemán Opening remarks from the Stockholm meeting of the Consultative Group 25-28 May 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
3. E. Alves & M. Johnson Paradise lost: Costa Rica falls victim to corruption and clientelism Counterpunch December 8th 2004 Last accessed 04/01/2005
4. C. Baylies Political conditionality and democratisation Review of African Political Economy 65 1995 321-337
5. O. Bodan Testigo clave confirma: Mitch financió obras de Byron Jerez Confidencial 187 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
6. O. Bodan Empresarios señalan focos de corrupción Confidencial 196 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
7. A. Bolt Roots and patterns of our political culture Envio 20 240 2001 18-23
8. S. Bradshaw B. Linneker Challenging poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion in Nicaragua: Some considerations for poverty reduction strategies The Nicaraguan Academic Journal - NAJ 2 2 December 2001 186-224 Last accessed 10/08/2004
9. E. Brown Still their backyard: The US and post-Mitch development strategies in Nicaragua Political Geography 19 2000 543-572
10. E. Brown Tinkering with the system: Adjusting adjustment In G. Mohan E. Brown B. Milward & A. Zack-Williams (Eds.), Structural adjustment: theory, practice and impacts 2000 Routledge London
11. E. Brown & A. Hadjipateras The 1996 Nicaraguan elections: Political and parties and popular aspirations Nicaragua Update 8 1996
12. E. Brown & J. Cloke Neoliberal reform, governance and corruption in the South: Assessing the international anti-corruption crusade Antipode 36 2 2004 272-294
13. E. Brown G. Catalano & P. Taylor Beyond world cities: Central America in a global space of flows Area 34 2 2002 139-148
14. B. Campbell Governance, institutional reform and the state: international financial institutions and political transition in Africa Review of African Political Economy 88 2001 155-176
15. CCER (Coordinadora Civil para la Emergencia y Reconstruccion) Turning the Mitch tragedy into an opportunity for the human and sustainable development of Nicaragua December 1998 Last accessed 10/08/2004
16. CENIDH (Centro Nicaragüense de Derechos Humanos) Informe sobre la situación de los Derechos Humanos en Nicaragua durante el año 1999 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
17. CEPAD (Council of Evangelical Churches of Nicaragua) Alemán on the ropes but not yet out for the count 2002 Last accessed 10/08/2004
18. CEPAD Despite superficial relief, debt is more of a threat than ever 2003 Last accessed 10/08/2004
19. CEPAL (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) Nicaragua: Assessment of the damage caused by Hurricane Mitch 1998: implications for economic and social development and for the environment 1999 ECLAC Mexico City
20. CIET International Social audit for the emergency and reconstruction, phase one, CCER April 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
21. CLACDS/HIID (Latin American Centre for Competitiveness and Sustainable Development and Harvard Institute for International Development). (1998). Strategy for Central American reconstruction and transformation after Hurricane Mitch, proposal submitted to the Consultative Group Preparation and Follow-Up meeting, Washington (10-11 December). Available from: .
22. Cupples, J., & Larios, I. (2005). Gender, elections, terrorism: The geopolitical enframing of the 2001 Nicaraguan elections. Political Geography.
23. A. Dijkstra Technocracy questioned: Assessing economic stabilization in Nicaragua Bulletin of Latin American Research 18 3 1999 295-310
24. El Nuevo Diario, cited articles from 26/02/1999, 23/10/1999, 14/12/2000 and 05/01/2001. . Last accessed 10/08/2004.
25. Envio Budget legislation leaves many mysteries Envio 16 189 1997 16
26. Envio What's behind the IMF pressure Envio 18 220 1999 3-11
27. Envio Dilemmas in the fight against the cancer of corruption Envio 21 248 2002 1-8
28. E. Escaith & S. Morley El efecto de las reformas estructurales en el crecimiento económico de la América Latina y el Caribe: una estimación empírica El Trimestre Económico 272 2001 469-513
29. E. Garely WORLD: Corruption costs $80 billion yearly E-Turbo News May 14th 2001 Last accessed 10/08/2004
30. F. Goitia Nada como la familia: El presidente nicaragüense cree que "siempre es más de fiar un pariente" y copa con ellos la Administración del país El País Digital 15/10/ 1998 Last accessed 10/08/2004
31. D. Gonzalez Graft aggravates woes plaguing Central America The New York Times February 25, 2003
32. A. Gonzalez & M. Solis Entre el Desarraigo y el Despojo 2002 Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica San Jose
33. M. Gutierrez Central America, the Caribbean and Mexico In R. Hodess J. Banfield & T. Wolfe (Eds.), Global corruption report 2001 2001 Transparency International Berlin 152-167
34. S. Hawley Exporting corruption: Privatisation, multinationals and bribery Corner House Briefing 19 June 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
35. J. Hernandez Arduous efforts for institutionality Envio 20 237 2001 47-54
36. N. Hildyard & A. Wilks An effective state? But effective for whom? IDS Bulletin 29 2 1998 49-55
37. E. Holt-Gimenez Crisis or sustainability? Central America's choices for recovery in the aftermath of Hurricane Mitch 1998 Last accessed 10/08/2004
38. IADB (Interamerican Development Bank) Central America after Hurricane Mitch: The challenge of turning a disaster into an opportunity 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
39. IADB (1999b). Workshop on Transparency and Governance held at the Stockholm meeting of the Consultative Group, 25-28 May 1999. . Last accessed 10/08/2004.
40. IADB Review of the Bank's portfolio in Nicaragua, as of April 2002 2002 Last accessed 10/08/2004
41. ICEP (Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Políticos) (2000). Reporte Político: Panorama Centroamericano, Balance político del ano 1999 y principales tendencias para el 2000. Ano XXIX, 3era. Epoca, Numero 155, January, Guatemala.
42. E. Iglesias Intervencion del Presidente Enrique V. Iglesias en la Sesion Inaugural del Grupo Consultivo para la Republica de Nicaragua 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
43. IMF/IDA Nicaragua: Joint Staff Assessment of the Interim poverty reduction strategy paper, 21/9/00 (IMF, Washington) 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
44. P. Jeffrey One year later, Central America still recovering from Hurricane Mitch 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
45. R. Kiely Neoliberalism revised? A critical account of World Bank concepts of good governance and market friendly intervention Capital and Class 64 1998 63-68
46. P. Langseth & D Pezzulo Corruption in Nicaragua: Analysis and suggestions for next steps Paper prepared for the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
47. La Prensa, cited articles from 29/10/1999 and 03/04/2000. . Last accessed 10/08/2004.
48. B. Linneker Changing poverty levels in Nicaragua 1998-2001: Preliminary estimates from the EMNV CCER Working Paper 2002 Last accessed 10/08/2004
49. Maruyama, M. (1996). The socio-economic role of the local exchange and trading system (LETS) in Canada. Working Paper No. 66. University of Tokyo, Komada.
50. G. Mohan E. Brown B. Milward & A. Zack-Williams Structural adjustment: Theory, practice and impacts 2000 Routledge London
51. M. Mowforth Storm warnings: Hurricanes Georges and Mitch and the lessons for development 2001 Catholic Institute for International relations London
52. ODC (Officina de Distribucion de Causas). (2002). The full text of the case against Alemán and his associates can be found at: . Last accessed 10/08/2004.
53. The Organization of American States (OAS). Anti-Corruption website can be found at . Last accessed 10/08/2004.
54. J. Peck & A. Tickell Neoliberalizing space Antipode 34 3 2002 380-404
55. A. Pérez Baltodano El futuro de las identidades políticas de América Latina Confidencial 5 233 18-24 May 2001 Last accessed 10/08/2004
56. Ramirez, S. (1999). Adiós Muchachos: Una memoria de la revolución Sandinista. Aguilar, México.
57. W. Reno Clandestine economies, violence and states in Africa Journal of International Affairs 53 2 2000 433-459
58. RN (Republic of Nicaragua) Letter of intent to the IMF, January 9th 1998 1998 Last accessed 10/08/2004
59. RN (1999a). National integrity plan: A national commitment for transformation. Paper presented at the Meeting of the Consultative Group for the Reconstruction and Transformation of Central America. Stockholm, Sweden, May 25-28.
60. RN Ley de Contrataciones del Estado 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
61. RN Letter of intent and memorandum of economic and social policies to the IMF, August 30th 2000 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
62. RN Manual de Contabilidad 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
63. W. Robinson Maldevelopment in Central America: A study on globalization and social change Pensamiento Propio 5 nueva epoca 1997 131-164
64. W. Robinson Nicaragua and the world: A globalization perspective In T. Walker (Ed.), Nicaragua without illusions: Regime transition and structural adjustment in the 1990s 1997 Scholarly Resources Wilmington 23-42
65. M. Robinson (Ed.) Corruption and development 1998 Frank Cass London
66. W. Robinson Transnational processes, development studies and changing social hierarchies in the world system: A Central American case study Third World Quarterly 22 4 2001 529-563
67. M. Rodgers In debt to disaster: What happened to Honduras after Hurricane Mitch 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
68. W. Roiz Murillo La verdadera historia de Enrique Bolaños G Bolsa de Noticias 5/09/2001 Last accessed 10/08/2004
69. M. Seligson Nicaraguans talk about corruption: A study of public opinion Report prepared for USAID Nicaragua 1997 Last accessed 10/08/2004
70. M. Seligson Nicaraguans talk about corruption: A follow-up study of public opinion Report prepared for USAID Nicaragua 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
71. R. Sieder (Ed.), Central America: Fragile transition 1996 Macmillan Basingstoke
72. C. Sojo Democracias con Fracturas: Governabilidad, Reforma Económica y Transición en Centroamérica 1999 FLACSO San Jose
73. M. Szeftel Misunderstanding African politics: Corruption and the governance agenda Review of African Political Economy 76 1998 221-240
74. Téllez, D. (2001). Nicaragua - Anteproyecto de Presupuesto General de la República 2001: Análisis. Managua, October 2001.
75. A. Tickell & J. Peck Making global rules: Globalisation or neoliberalisation? In J. Peck & H. Yeung (Eds.), Remaking the global economy: Economic-geographical perspectives 2003 Sage London 163-181
76. Transparency International Press release: New index highlights worldwide corruption crisis 2001 Last accessed 10/08/2004
77. Transparency International Newsletter Last accessed 10/08/2004
78. Trust for the Americas Transparency and governance initiative 2001 Last accessed 10/08/2004
79. USAID. (1998) FY 2000 R4. USAID document, Managua, Nicaragua, September 10, 1998.
80. USAID A handbook on fighting corruption 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
81. USAID LAC Regional: FY 2001 Program Description and Activity Data Sheets 2000 Last accessed 10/08/2004
82. USAID Nicaragua website Last accessed 10/08/2004
83. Vargas, O. (1999). Nicaragua: Despues del Mitch... Que? CEREN, Managua.
84. Vilas, C. (1995). Between earthquakes and volcanoes: Market, state and the revolutions in Central America. Monthly Review, New York.
85. D. Vukelich Exclusive: German deputies to protest Nicaraguan Aid Scandal at Stockholm meeting On the Record 8 9 May 1999 Last accessed 10/08/2004
86. C. Weston Amakudari - the ultimate golden parachute Crikey 14th April 2002 Last accessed 10/08/2004
87. R. Williams Explaining corruption (the politics of corruption 1) 2000 Edward Elgar Cheltenham
88. R. Williams & A. Doig Controlling corruption (the politics of corruption 4) 2000 Edward Elgar Cheltenham
89. R. Williams & J. Moran Corruption in the developed world (the politics of corruption 3) 2000 Edward Elgar Cheltenham
90. R. Williams & R. Theobald Corruption in the developing world (the politics of corruption 2) 2000 Edward Elgar Cheltenham
91. R. Woodward Jr. Central America: A nation divided (3rd ed.) 1999 Oxford University Press Oxford
92. World Bank Helping countries combat corruption: The role of the World Bank. Report of the Corruption Action Plan Working Group 1997 Last accessed 10/08/2004
93. World Bank. (2004). Kenya, World Bank take new steps against corruption. News Release No: 2005/135/AFR, Nairobi, October 27, 2004. Available from:
94. The World Bank's Comprehensive development framework site can be found at: . Last accessed 10/08/2004.
95. The World Bank's Participation and civic engagement site can be found at: . Last accessed 10/08/2004.