Mortality due to aspergillosis in wild swans in northwest Washington State, 2000-02

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 98-106

  Souza, Marcy J ^a,b   Degernes, Laurel A ^a  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ABC Animal and Bird Clinic   (United States)

Author keywords

Aspergillosis; Avian; Cygnus buccinator; Cygnus columbianus columbianus; Fungal infection; Lead poisoning; Trumpeter swans; Tundra swans; Waterfowl

Indexed keywords

LEAD;

AIR SAC; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ASPERGILLOSIS; AUTOPSY; BIRD; CARCASS; CAUSE OF DEATH; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYGNUS BUCCINATOR; CYGNUS COLUMBIANUS COLUMBIANUS; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FREEZING; LEAD POISONING; LUNG INJURY; MALE; MORTALITY; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX RATIO; TRACHEA DISEASE; UNITED STATES; WINTER;

ANATIDAE; ANSERIFORMES; AVES; CYGNUS BUCCINATOR; CYGNUS COLUMBIANUS; CYGNUS COLUMBIANUS COLUMBIANUS;

EID: 20444404590     PISSN: 10826742     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1647/2004-001     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Aguilar RF, Redig PT. Diagnosis and treatment of avian aspergillosis. In: Kirk RW, ed. Kirk's Current Veterinary Therapy. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1995:1294-1299.
2. Degernes LA, Redig P. Diagnosis and treatment of aspergillosis in trumpeter swans. Proc 11th Trumpeter Swan Soc Conf. 1989;159-161.
3. Nakeeb SM, Babus B, Clifton AY Jr. Aspergillosis in the Peruvian penguin (Spheniscus humboldti). J Zoo Anim Med. 1981;12:51-54.
4. Wolff PL, Petrini KR, Kolmstetter C. An outbreak of aspergillosis in crested wood partridges (Rollulus rouloul). J Zoo Wildl Med. 1992;23:108-112.
5. Marks SL, Stauber EH, Ernstrom SB. Aspergillosis in an ostrich. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994;204:784-785.
6. Stroud RK, Duncan RM. Aspergillosis in a red-crowned crane. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993;183:1297-1298.
7. Cork SC, Alley MR, Johnstone AC, Stockdale PHG. Aspergillosis and other causes of mortality in the stitchbird in New Zealand. J Wildl Dis. 1999;35:481-486.
8. Tsai SS, Park JH, Hirai K, Itakura C. Aspergillosis and candidiasis in psittacine and passeriforme birds with particular reference to nasal lesions. Avian Pathol. 1992;21:699-709.
9. Greenacre CB, Latimer KS, Ritchie BW. Leg paresis in a black palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) caused by aspergillosis. J Zoo Wildl Med. 1992;23: 122-126.
10. Carrasco L, Lima JS Jr, Halfen DC, et al. Systemic aspergillosis in an oiled Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). J Vet Med B. 2001;48:551-554.
11. Wobeser GA. Diseases of Wild Waterfowl. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1997.
12. Lagerquist JE, Davison M, Foreyt WJ. Lead poisoning and other causes of mortality in trumpeter (Cygnus buccinator) and tundra (C. columbianus) swans in western Washington. J Wildl Dis. 1994;30:60-64.
13. Degernes LA, Frank RK. Causes of mortality in trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) in Minnesota 1986-1989. Wildfowl. 1991(suppl 1):352-355.
14. Astorga RJ, Cubero MJ, Leon L, et al. Serological survey of infections in waterfowl in the Guadalquivir marshes (Spain). Avian Dis. 1994;38:371-375.
15. Clausen B, Elvestad K, Karlog O. Lead burden in mute swans from Denmark. Nord Vet Med. 1982;34: 83-91.
16. Windingstad RM, Hinds LS III. Lead poisoning in Canada geese on Plum Island, Massachusetts. J Wildl Dis. 1987;23:438-442.
17. Degernes LA, Frank RK, Freeman ML, Redig PT. Lead poisoning in trumpeter swans. Proc Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet. 1989;144-155.
18. Mitchell CD. Trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator). In: Poole A, Gill F, eds. The Birds of North America. No. 105. Philadelphia, PA: The Academy of Natural Sciences; 1994:1-24.
19. O'Meara DC, Witter JF. Aspergillosis. In: Davis JW, Anderson RC, Karstad L, Trainer DO, eds. Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Wild Birds. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press; 1971:153-162.
20. Bauck L. Mycoses. In: Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ, Harrison LR, eds. Avian Medicine: Principles and Applications. Lake Worth, FL: Wingers Publishing; 1994:997-1006.
21. McMillan MC, Petrak ML. Retrospective study of aspergillosis in pet birds. J Assoc Avian Vet. 1989;3: 211-215.
22. Boyd H. Classification. In: Scott P, ed. The Swans. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co; 1972:17-27.
23. McTaggart C, Yovich JV, Penhale J, Raindal SL. A comparison of foal and adult horse neutrophil function using flow cytometric techniques. Res Vet Sci. 2001;71:73-79.
24. Aitken ID. Immunity to chlamydia. In: Rose ME, Payne LN, Freeman BM, eds. Avian Immunology. Edinburgh, Scotland: Clark Constable Ltd; 1981: 301-312.
25. Parry SH, Porter P. Immunity to Escherichia coli and Salmonella. In: Rose ME, Payne LN, Freeman BM, eds. Avian Immunology. Edinburgh, Scotland: Clark Constable Ltd; 1981:327-348.
26. Klasing KC. Immunomodulation in poultry. In: Davison TF, Morris TR, Payne LN, eds. Poultry Immunology. London, England: Journals Oxford Ltd; 1996:329-342.
27. Wilson LK, Elliott JE, Langelier KM, et al. Lead poisoning of trumpeter swans, Cygnus buccinator, in British Columbia, 1976-1994. Can Field-Nat. 1998; 112:204-211.
28. Knowles SO, Donaldson WE, Andrews JE. Changes in fatty acid composition of lipids from birds, rodents and preschool children exposed to lead. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998;61:113-125.
29. Kowolenko M, Tracy L, Mudzinski S, Lawrence DA. Effect of lead on macrophage function. J Leukoc Biol. 1988;43:357-364.
30. Knowles SO, Donaldson WE. Lead disrupts eicosanoid metabolism, macrophage function, and disease resistance in birds. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1997;60:13-26.
31. Lawrence DA. In vivo and in vitro effects of lead on humoral and cell mediated immunity. Infect Immun. 1981;31:136-143.
32. Trust KA, Miller MW, Ringelman JK, Orme IM. Effects of ingested lead on antibody production in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). J Wildl Dis. 1990;26:316-322.
33. German AC, Shankland GS, Edwards J, Flach EJ. Development of an indirect ELISA for the detection of serum antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus in captive penguins. Vet Rec. 2002;150:513-518.
34. Forbes NA. Diagnosis of aspergillosis and treatment with itraconazole. Vet Rec. 1992;130:519-520.
35. Sulahian A, Boutboul F, Ribaud P, et al. Value of antigen detection using an enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis and prediction of invasive aspergillosis in two adult and pediatric hematology units during a 4-year prospective study. Cancer. 2001;91:311-318.
36. Graczyk TK, Cranfield MR, Klein PN. Value of antigen and antibody detection, and blood evaluation parameters in diagnosis of avian invasive aspergillosis. Mycopathologica. 1998;140:121-127.
37. Degernes L, Bowes V, Raverty S, et al. Trumpeter and tundra swan mortality in Washington State, USA and British Columbia, Canada, 2000-2002. In: Weaver DK, Linck MH, Shea RE, eds. N Am Swans 2004;32:13-14.
38. Hawkings JS, Breault A, Boyd S, et al. Trumpeter swan numbers and distribution in western Canada, 1970-2000. Waterbirds 2002;25(special publication 1):8-21.
39. Anderson PS. Distribution and habitat selection by wintering trumpeter swans in the lower Skagit Valley, Washington. In: Compton DC, Linck MH, Nelson H, Balcomb JR, eds. Proc 14th Trumpeter Swan Soc Conf. 1993;61-93.
40. Conant B, Hodges JI, Groves DJ, King JG. Census of trumpeter swans on Alaskan nesting habitats, 1968-2000. Waterbirds. 2002;25(special publication 1):3-7.
41. Wilson L, Davison M, Kraege D. Lead poisoning of trumpeter and tundra swans by ingestion of lead shot in Whatcom County, Washington, USA and Sumas Prairie, British Columbia, Canada. In: Weaver DK, Linck MH, Shea RE, eds. N Am Swans 2004;32:11-13.