Face detection using spectral histograms and SVMs

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 467-476

  Waring, Christopher A ^a   Liu, Xiuwen ^a  

^a Florida State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Face detection; Pattern classification; Pattern recognition; Special histogram representations; Support vector machines

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; DIGITAL FILTERS; IMAGE PROCESSING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; NEURAL NETWORKS; PROBABILITY;

FACE DETECTION; SPECIAL HISTOGRAM REPRESENTATIONS; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES;

FACE RECOGNITION;

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; AUTOMATED PATTERN RECOGNITION; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EVALUATION; FACE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; IMAGE SUBTRACTION; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; METHODOLOGY; PHOTOGRAPHY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STATISTICAL MODEL; VALIDATION STUDY;

ALGORITHMS; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FACE; HUMANS; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; IMAGE INTERPRETATION, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MODELS, STATISTICAL; PATTERN RECOGNITION, AUTOMATED; PHOTOGRAPHY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE;

EID: 20444381978     PISSN: 10834419     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TSMCB.2005.846655     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Y. Amit and D. Geman, "A computational model for visual selection," Neural Comput., vol. 11, pp. 1691-1715, 1999.
2. P. Belhumeur, J. Hespanha, and D. Kriegman, "Eigenfaces versus fisherfaces: Recognition using class specific linear projection," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 711-720, Jul. 1997.
3. A. Colmenarez and T. Huang, "Face detection with information-based maximum discrimination," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision Pattern Recogn., 1997, pp. 782-787.
4. J. Daugman, "Uncertainty relation for resolution in space, spatial frequency, and orientation optimized by the two-dimensional visual cortical filters," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 23-26, 1985.
5. F. Fleuret and D. Geman, "Coarse-to-fine face detection," Int. J. Comput. Vision, vol. 41, pp. 85-107, 2001.
6. S. Geman, E. Bienenstock, and R. Doursat, "Neural networks and the bias/ variance dilemma," Neural Comput., vol. 4, pp. 1-58, 1992.
7. U. Grenander and A. Srivastava, "Probability models for clutter in natural images," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 424-429, Apr. 2001.
8. R. Juell and R. Marsh, "A hierarchal neural network for human face detection," Pattern Recogn., vol. 29, pp. 781-787, 1996.
9. C. Kotropoulos and I. Pitas, "Rule-based face detection in frontal views," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process., vol. 4, 1997, pp. 2537-2540.
10. M. Lades, J. C. Vorbruggen, J. Buhmann, J. Lange, C. von de Malsburg, R. P. Wurtz, and W. Konen, "Distortion invariant object recognition in the dynamic link architecture," IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 300-311, Mar. 1993.
11. R. Lienhart, A. Kuranov, and V. Pisarevsky, "Empirical analysis of detection cascades of boosted classifiers for rapid object detection," in Proc. DAGM Pattern Recogn. Symp., 2003, pp. 297-304.
12. C. Liu and H. Wechsler, "Gabor feature based classification using the enhanced fisher linear discriminant model for face recognition," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 467-476, Apr. 2002.
13. X. Liu, "A computational framework for real-time scene interpretation," in Proc. Applied Imagery Pattern Recogn. Workshop, 2004.
14. X. Liu and L. Cheng, "Independent spectral representation of images for recognition," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1271-1282, 2003.
15. X. Liu and A. Srivastava, "Stochastic search for the optimal linear representations of images on spaces with orthogonality constraints," in Proc. Int. Workshop Energy Minimization Methods Computer Vision Pattern Recogn., 2003, pp. 3-20.
16. X. Liu, A. Srivastava, and D. Wang, "Intrinsic generalization analysis of low dimensional representations," Neural Netw., vol. 16, no. 5/ 6, pp. 537-545, 2003.
17. X. Liu and D. Wang, "A spectral histogram model for texton modeling and texture discrimination," Vision Res., vol. 42, pp. 2617-2634, 2002.
18. X. Liu and D. Wang, "Texture classification using spectral histograms" IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 661-670, Jun. 2003.
19. B. Moghaddam and A. Pentland, "Probabilistic visual learning for object recognition," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 696-710, Jul. 1997.
20. E. Osuna, R. Freund, and F. Girosi, "Training support vector machines: An application to face detection" in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vision Pattern Recogn., 1997, pp. 130-136.
21. H. Rowley, S. Baluja, and T. Kanade, "Neural network-based face detection," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 23-38, Jan. 1998.
22. H. Schneiderman, "A Statistical Approach to 3d Object Detection Applied to Faces and Cars," Ph.D. Dissertation, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, 2000.
23. A. Srivastava and X. Liu, "Statistical hypothesis pruning for identifying faces from infrared images," J. Image Vision Comput., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 651-660, 2003.
24. A. Srivastava, X. Liu, and U. Grenander, "Universal analytical forms for modeling image probabilities," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1200-1214, Sep. 2002.
25. K.-K. Sung and T. Poggio, "Example-based learning for view-based human face detection," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 39-51, Jan. 1998.
26. V. Vapnik, The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
27. P. Viola and M. J. Jones, "Robust real-time face detection," Int. J. Comput. Vision, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 137-154, 2004.
28. C. A. Waring, "An Exploration of the Spectral Histogram Representation for Face Detection," Masters Thesis. Dept. Comput. Sci., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL, Jul. 2003.
29. G. Wall, X. Liu, F. Iqbal, and S. Foo, "Real-time texture classification using FPGA," in Proc. Applied Imagery Pattern Recogn. Workshop, 2004.
30. G. Winkler. Image Analysis. Random Fields and Dynamic Monte Carlo Methods: A Mathematical Introduction, Second ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2003.
31. M. Yang, N. Ahuja, and D. Kriegman, "Mixture of linear subspaces for face detection," in Proc. Int. Conf. Automatic Face Gesture Recogn., 2000, pp. 70-76.
32. M. Yang, D. Kriegman, and N. Ahuja, "Detecting faces in images: A survey," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 34-58, Jan. 2002.
33. M. Yang, N. Roth, and N. Ahuja, "A snow-based face detector," Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., vol. 12, pp. 855-861, 2000.
34. K. Yow and R. Cipolla, "Feature-based human face detection," Image Vision Comput., vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 713-735, 1997.
35. A. Yuille, D. Cohen, and P. Hallinan, "Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vision Pattern Recogn., 1989, pp. 104-109.
36. S. Zhu, X. Liu, and Y. Wu, "Exploring texture ensembles by efficient markov chain monte carlo," IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 554-569, Jun. 2000.
37. S. Zhu, Y. Wu, and D. Mumford, "Minmax entropy principle and its application to texture modeling," Neural Comput., vol. 9, pp. 1627-1660, 1997.