After the gold rush: Replicating the rural midwest in the Sacramento Valley

Western Historical Quarterly

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 447-467

  Vaught, David ^a  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 2042476495     PISSN: 00433810     EISSN: 19398603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/25047345     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. Knights Landing News (Yolo County, CA), 24 March 1860
2. Transactions of the California State Agricultural Society during the Year 1858 (Sacramento, 1859), 84-5, 115, 160, 236-7
3. Jerome C. Davis, "Journal; general farm, 1 January 1860-30 June 1863, Putah Creek, Calif.," 1, CRCSLS
4. California Culturist (April 1860): 69-70
5. Official Report of the California State Agricultural Society's Third Annual Agricultural Fair, Cattle Show and Industrial Exhibition (San Francisco, 1856), 4-5, Bancroft Library
6. Yolo County, "Assessment Rolls," 1857-60, Yolo County Archives, Woodland, CA (hereafter YCA)
7. Joann L. Larkey and Shipley Walters, Yolo County: Land of Changing Patterns (Northridge, CA, 1987), 37
8. Joseph A. McGowan, History of the Sacramento Valley, Vol. 1 (New York, 1961), 162
9. On horse raising and horse racing in the Midwest, see Allan G. Bogue, From Prairie to Corn Belt: Farming on the Illinois and Iowa Prairies in the Nineteenth Century (1963
10. Paul W. Gates, The Farmer's Age: Agriculture, 1815-1860 (New York, 1960), 141, 228-30
11. Roger W. Lotchin, San Francisco, 1846-1856: From Hamlet to City (New York, 1974)
12. John Mack Faragher, Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie (New Haven, 1986)
13. Lawrence James Jelinek, "'Property of Every Kind': Ranching and Farming during the Gold-Rush Era," in A Golden State: Mining and Economic Development in Gold Rush California, ed. James J. Rawls and Richard J. Orsi (Berkeley, 1999), 236
14. William O. Russell, ed., History of Yolo County, California: Its Resources and its People (Woodland, CA, 1940), 65 (quote)
15. C.P. Sprague and H.W. Atwell, The Western Shore Gazetteer and Commercial Directory, for the State of California, . . . Yolo County (San Francisco, 1870), 85-98
16. Pacific Rural Press (San Francisco), 21 August 1880
17. Elna Bakker, An Island Called California: An Ecological Introduction to Its Natural Communities (Berkeley, 1971), 123-33, 147-57 (quote, 147)
18. McGowan, History of the Sacramento Valley, Vol. I: 3-16
19. Rodman W. Paul, "The Beginnings of Agriculture in California: Innovation vs. Continuity," California Historical Quarterly 52 (Spring 1973): 16-8
20. Gilbert C. Fite, The Farmers' Frontier, 1865-1900 (New York, 1966), 156-7
21. Gates, The Farmer's Age, 156
22. California Farmer, 11 June 1858
23. Malcolm Rohrbough, Days of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the American Nation (Berkeley, 1997), 5, 185-96
24. Susan E. Gray, The Yankee West: Community Life on the Michigan Frontier (Chapel Hill, 1996)
25. Nicole Etcheson, The Emerging Midwest: Upland Southerners and the Political Culture of the Old Northwest, 1787-1861 (Bloomington, IN, 1996)
26. Susan Sessions Rugh, Our Common Country: Family Farming, Culture, and Community in the Nineteenth-Century Midwest (Bloomington, IN, 2001), 10-6
27. Thomas Gregory, History of Yolo County (Los Angeles, 1913)
28. Joann Leach Larkey, Davisville '68: The History and Heritage of the City of Davis, Yolo County, California (Davis, CA, 1969)
29. Russell, History of Yolo County
30. Official Report of the California State Agricultural Society's Third Annual Agricultural Fair, Cattle Show and Industrial Exhibition, 4-5
31. Transactions of the California State Agricultural Society during the Year 1858, 235-9
32. Transactions of the California State Agricultural Society during the Year 1860 (Sacramento, 1861), 55
33. Sacramento Daily Record Union, 26 September 1855 (quote), 24 September 1884
34. San Francisco News Letter, 26 August 1876
35. Sacramento Bee, 5 August 1950
36. Alonzo Phelps, Contemporary Biography of California's Representative Men (San Francisco, 1881-1882), 364-70
37. John Griffin Thompson, The Rise and Decline of the Wheat Growing Industry in Wisconsin, Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin, No. 292, May 1907, 21-2, 35
38. Carrie Cropley, Kenosha: From PioneerVillage to Modern City, 1835-1935 (Kenosha, WI, 1958), 19, 23-4
39. Gray, The Yankee West, esp. 1-15
40. Thompson, The Rise and Decline of the Wheat Growing Industry in Wisconsin, 16-36
41. Morton Rothstein, "The Big Farm: Abundance and Scale in American Agriculture," Agricultural History 49 (October 1975): 583-97 (quote, 594)
42. Terry G. Jordan, North American Cattle-Ranching Frontiers: Origins, Diffusion, and Differentiation (Albuquerque, 1993), 241-9, 279-82 (quote, 281)
43. Hazel Adele Pulling, "A History of California's Range-Cattle Industry, 1770-1912" (Ph.D. diss., University of Southern California, 1944), 78-121
44. Paul W. Gates, California Ranchos and Farms, 1846-1862 (Madison, 1967), 17-27
45. Jerome C. Davis, "Ledger; general farm, October 1, 1856-December 31, 1859, Putah Creek, Calif," 12
46. Davis, "Ledger; general farm, January 1, 1860-June 14, 1867, Putah Creek, Calif.," 91, CRCSLS
47. Yolo County, "Mortgages," Book A, 9-12, 16-7, 29-30, YCA
48. H.O. Beatty v. R.C. Clark (1861), California Supreme Court, no. 3223, "Transcript on Appeal," 105-7, California State Archives, Sacramento (hereafter CSAS)
49. Daily Alta California, 30 July 1853
50. Greene v. His Creditors; Yolo County, "Mortgages," Book A, 100-1
51. st series, no. 91, YCA
52. Beatty v. Clark, "Transcript on Appeal," 7
53. Yolo County, "Deeds," Book B, 245-6, 257-8
54. Sacramento Daily Union, 21 February 1855, 1 October 1858
55. Pierce v. Robinson, "Transcript on Appeal," 35
56. Greene v. His Creditors; Daily Alta California, October 4, 1857
57. Transactions of die California State Agricultural Society during the Year 1858, 237-9
58. Gates, California Ranchos and Farms, 3-63
59. Larkey, Davisville '68, 16-8
60. Donald J. Pisani, "Squatter Law in California, 1850-1858," in Water, Land, and Law in the West: The Limits of Public Policy, 1850-1920 (Lawrence, 1996), 81
61. Paul W. Gates, History of Public Land Law Development (Washington, DC, 1968), 219-47
62. Paul W. Gates, "Adjudication of Spanish-Mexican Land Claims in California," in Land and Law in California: Essays on Land Policies (Ames, IA, 1991), quote on 7
63. Gates, The Farmer's Age, 387 (quote)
64. United States Land Case No. 411, 14-37, 246-55
65. Faragher, Sugar Creek, 61-7
66. Bogue, From Prairie to Corn Belt, 169
67. st series, no. 62, YCA
68. Gates, "Pre-Henry George Land Warfare in California," in Land and Law in California, 188-91
69. Pisani, "Squatter Law in California," 68
70. Larkey, Davisville '68, 22, 31, 192
71. Christian G. Fritz, Federal Justice in California: The Court of Ogden Hoffman, 1851-1891 (Lincoln, 1991), 144-55
72. Sacramento Daily Union, 11 February 1854, 8 August 1857 (quotes)
73. Paul W. Gates, "California's Embattled Settlers," in Land and Law in California, 178-9
74. Fritz, Federal Justice in California, 163-73
75. Yolo County, "Assessment Rolls," 1856 and 1860
76. Sacramento Daily Union, 11 February 1854, 8 August 1857 (quote)
77. Gates, "California's Embattled Settlers," 164-5
78. and Pisani, "Squatter Law in California, 1850-1858."
79. Henry Conner v. C.I. Hutchinson (1859)
80. and W.W. Broun v. C.E. Greene (1884), California Supreme Court, nos. 2100, 9443, "Transcript on Appeal," 6-12, 198-216, CSAS
81. Yolo County, "Mortgages," Book A, 287-9, 322-3, Book B, 112-3, 224-8, 357-8, 564-5
82. Yolo County, "Articles of Agreement," 58-60, 107-8, YCA
83. Beatty v. Clark, 181
84. See the following works by A.W. Von Schmidt, deputy surveyor: "Field Notes of the Subdivision Lines in Township 8 North, Range 1 East of the Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian in the State of California," 1858
85. "Field Notes of the Subdivision Lines in Township 9 North, Range 2 East of the Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian of the State of California," 1858
86. "Field Notes of the Subdivision Lines in Township 9 North, Range 3 East of the Mt. Diablo Base and Metidian Line of the State of California," 1858, all in Surveyor Records, Bureau of Land Management, California State Office, Sacramento
87. Yolo County, "Assessment Rolls," 1858
88. Annual Report of the Surveyor-General of California for the Year 1861 (Sacramento, 1862), 49 (quote)
89. and on shared purchases of expensive machinery, see Alan Olmstead, "The Mechanization of Reaping and Mowing in American Agriculture, 1833-1870," Journal of Economic History 35 (June 1975): 327-52
90. E. Dyer, Deputy Surveyor, "Field Notes of the Subdivision Lines in Township 8 North, Range 3 East of the Mt. Diablo Base and Meridian in the State of California," 1862, Surveyor Records, Bureau of Land Management, California State Office, Sacramento
91. California Statutes (1855), 189
92. Yolo County, "Swampland Surveys," Book A, County Surveyor's Office, Woodland, California
93. Richard H. Peterson, "The Failure to Reclaim: California State Swamp Land Policy and the Sacramento Valley, 1850-1866," Southern California Quarterly 56 (Spring 1874): 46-8
94. Knights Landing News, 23 January 1864
95. Yolo County, "Swamp Land Surveys," Book A
96. Yolo County, "Swamp and Overflowed Lands Record Book."
97. Daily Alta California, 11 May 1860
98. Davis, "Journal; general farm, January 1, 1860-June 30, 1863," 1-164
99. U.S. Census, Population Schedules for Putah Township, Yolo County, California, 1860
100. Brown v. Greene, "Transcript on Appeal," 204 (quote)
101. Davis, "Journal; general farm, January 1, 1860-June 30, 1863"
102. Gilbert, The Illustrated Atlas and History of Yolo County, 58-9
103. Merrill G. Burlingame, "The Contribution of Iowa to the Formation of the State Government of California in 1849," Iowa Journal of History and Politics 30 (April 1932): 182-218
104. David Alan Johnson, Founding the Far West: California, Oregon, and Nevada, 1840-1890 (Berkeley, 1992), 102, 108
105. Yolo County, "Assessment Rolls," 1850-1860, YCA (rolls for 1851, 1852, 1854, and 1855 are missing)
106. Yolo County, "Board of Supervisors Minutes - Roads and Highways," 1853-1860, YCA
107. Rugh, Our Common Country, 25-8
108. Paul Bourke and Donald DeBats, Washington County: Politics and Community in Antebellum America (Baltimore, 1995), 95-115
109. Yolo County, "Board of Supervisors Minutes," Book A, 13 September 1855, 17 November 1856, 15 September 1857, 9 September 1858, 10 September 1859, Book B, 16 November 1860, YCA
110. Gilbert, Illustrated Atlas of Yolo County, 36-9
111. The boundaries of Putah township, though more precise, roughly approximated those of Laguna de Santos Callé. See Yolo County, "Board of Supervisors Minutes," Court of Sessions Book, 30 June 1851, YCA
112. California Statutes (1850), 179; Pierce v. Robinson, "Transcript on Appeal"
113. Larkey, Davisville '68, 200
114. Yolo County, "Deeds," Book D, 47
115. Gregory, History of Yolo County, 229-30
116. See also Knights Landing News, 30 May 1863
117. Knights Landing News, 25 January 1862 (quote)
118. Paul, "The Beginnings of Agriculture in California," 22 (quote)
119. Rodman W. Paul, "The Wheat Trade between California and the United Kingdom," Mississippi Volley Historical Review 45 (December 1858): 396
120. Morton Rothstein, The California Wheat Kings (Davis, CA, 1987), 3-5
121. Yolo County, "Assessment Rolls," 1866, 1869
122. Yolo County, "Deeds," Book J, 558-61; Book Q, 45-6
123. Yolo County, "Assessment List Books," 1871, YCA
124. Pierce Journal, 27 September 1867, 24 March and 2 May 1870, 29 September 1873
125. Gates, California Ranchos and Farms, 12 (quote)
126. Carey McWilliams, Factories in the Field: The Story of Migratory Farm Labor in California (Boston, 1939), 49-59
127. Cletus Daniel, Bitter Harvest: A History of California Farmworkers, 1870-1941 (Ithaca, NY, 1981), 15-39
128. A more comprehensive, systematic study awaits the larger work behind this essay, "Putah Creek: Rural Life in the Sacramento Valley, 1850-1900."
129. Jim Gerber, "The Origin of California's Export Surplus in Cereals," Agricultural History 67 (Fall 1992): 40
130. U.S. Census, Population Schedules for Putah Township, Yolo County, California, 1860, 1900
131. Davisville Almond Growers' Association, Constitution and Minute Book, 23 January 1897, Board of Directors File, Predecessor and Concurrent Organizations, box 1, California Almond Growers' Exchange Records, SAMCC
132. David Vaught, Cultivating California: Growers, Specialty Crops, and Labor, 1875-1920 (Baltimore, 1999), 36-41
133. The 20 percent persistence rate in Putah Creek over four decades nearly matches contemporary persistence rates in the Midwest over a single decade; see Faragher, Sugar Creek, 249, n. 14
134. Larkey, Davisville '68, 23, 192, 194
135. On the popularity of horse racing throughout the Sacramento Valley in the late nineteenth century, see McGowan, History of the Sacramento Valley, Vol. 1: 164-5, 263-4, 279