Children’s perceptions of and beliefs about facial maturity

Journal of Genetic Psychology

Volumn 165, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 81-98

  Thomas, Gross F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF REDLANDS   (United States)

Author keywords

Facial age perception

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGING; ARTICLE; CHILD; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; FACE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; VISION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGING; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CULTURE; DISCRIMINATION (PSYCHOLOGY); FACE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 2042468759     PISSN: 00221325     EISSN: 19400896     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/GNTP.165.1.81-98     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Baltes, P. B., & Smith, J. (1990). Toward a psychology of wisdom and its ontogenesis. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development (pp. 87-120). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
2. Berry, D. S., & McArthur, L. Z. (1988). The impact of age-related craniofacial changes on social perception. In T. R. Alley (Ed.), Social and applied aspects of perceiving faces (pp. 101-140). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
3. Blunk, E. M., & Williams, S. W. (1997). The effects of curriculum on preschool children's perceptions of the elderly. Educational Gerontology, 23, 233-241.
4. Bruce, V. (1999). Complexities of face perception and categorization. Behavior and Brain Sciences, 22, 369-373.
5. Burke, J. L. (1981-1982). Young children's attitudes and perceptions of older adults. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 14, 205-222.
6. Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74-101.
7. Doka, K. J. (1985-1986). Adolescent attitudes and beliefs toward aging and the elderly. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 22, 173-187.
8. Dooley, S., & Frankel, B. G. (1990). Improving attitudes toward elderly people: Evaluation of an intervention program for adolescents. Canadian Journal on Aging, 9, 400-409.
9. Doyle, A. B., & Aboud, F. E. (1995). A longitudinal study of White children's racial prejudice as a social cognitive development. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 209-228.
10. Edwards, C. P. (1984). The age group labels and categories of preschool children. Child Development, 55, 440-452.
11. Elkind, D. (1998). All grown up and no place to go: Teenagers in crisis. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
12. Feldman, S. S., & Gehring, T. M. (1988). Changing perceptions of family cohesion and power across adolescence. Child Development, 59, 1034-1045.
13. George, P. A., & Hole, G. J. (1995). Factors affecting the accuracy of age-estimates of unfamiliar faces. Perception, 24, 1059-1073.
14. George, P. A., Hole, G. J., & Scaife, M. (2000). Factors influencing young children's ability to discriminate unfamiliar faces by age. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 480-491.
15. Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
16. Goodman, C. C., & Silverstein, M. C. (2001). Grandmothers who parent their grandchildren: An exploratory study of the close relationship across three generations. Journal of Family Issues. Special Issue: Grandparent-Grandchild Relationships, 22, 557-578.
17. Gross, T. F. (1997). Children's perception of faces of varied immaturity. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 66, 42-63.
18. Guo, X., Erber, J., & Szuchnan, L. T. (1999). Age and forgetfulness: Can stereotypes be modified. Educational Gerontology, 25, 457-466.
19. Heckhausen, J., Dixon, R. A., & Baltes, P. B. (1989). Gains and losses in development throughout adulthood as perceived by different adult age groups. Developmental Psychology, 25, 109-121.
20. Hummert, M. L. (1999). A social cognitive perspective on age stereotypes. In T. M. Hess & F. Blanchard-Fields (Eds.), Social cognition and aging (pp. 175-196). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
21. Hummert, M. L., Garstka, T. A., Shanner, J. L., & Strahm, S. (1994). Stereotypes of the elderly held by young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 49, P240-P249.
22. Isaacs, L. W., & Bearison, D. J. (1986). The development of children's prejudice against the aged. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 23, 175-194.
23. Jones, G., & Smith, P. K. (1984). The eyes have it:Young children's discrimination of age in masked and unmasked facial photographs. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38, 328-337.
24. Katz, P. A., & Zalk, S. R. (1978). Modification of children's racial attitudes. Developmental Psychology, 14, 447-461.
25. Kite, M. E., & Johnson, B. T. (1988). Attitudes toward older and younger adults: A metaanalysis. Psychology and Aging, 3, 233-244.
26. Krause, D., & Chapin, R. (1987). An examination of attitudes about old age in a sample of elementary school children. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 7, 81-91.
27. Krebs, D., & VanHesteren, F. (1994). The development of altruism: Toward an integrative model. Developmental Review, 14, 103-158.
28. Kuhn, D., Nash, S. C., & Brucken, L. (1978). Sex-role concepts of 2-and 3-year olds. Child Development, 49, 445-451.
29. Lewis, M., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1979). Social cognition and the acquisition of self. New York: Plenum.
30. Looft, W. R. (1971). Children's judgments of age. Child Development, 42, 1282-1284.
31. Luszcz, M. A. (1985-1986). Characterizing adolescents, middle-aged, and elderly adults: Putting the elderly into perspective. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 22, 105-121.
32. Martin, C. L. (1991). The role of cognition in understanding gender effects. In H. W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 23; pp. 113-149). New York: Academic Press.
33. McCall, R. B., & Kennedy, C. B. (1980). Attention of 4-month-old infants to discrepancy and babyishness. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 29, 189-201.
34. McGowan, T. G. (1996). Ageism and discrimination. In J. E. Birren (Ed.), Encyclopedia of gerontology (Vol. 1; pp. 71-80). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
35. McGuire, S. L. (1993). Promoting positive attitudes through aging education: A study with preschool children. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 13, 3-12.
36. Middlecamp, M., & Gross, D. (2002). Intergenerational daycare and preschoolers' attitudes about aging. Educational Gerontology, 28, 271-288.
37. Midlarsky, E., & Hannah, M. E. (1985). Competence, reticence, and helping by children and adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 21, 534-541.
38. Mitchell, J., Wilson, K., Revicki, D., & Parker, L. (1985). Children's perceptions of aging: A multidimensional approach to differences by age, sex, and race. Gerontologist, 25, 182-187.
39. Montepare, J. M., & McArthur, L. Z. (1986). The impact of age-related variations in facial characteristics on children's age perceptions. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 42, 303-314.
40. Montepare, J. M., & Zebrowitz, L. A. (2002). A social-developmental view of ageism. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 77-125). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
41. Newman, S., Faux, R., & Larimer, B. (1997). Children's views on aging: Their attitudes and values. Gerontologist, 37, 412-417.
42. Nishi-Strattner, M., & Myers, J. E. (1983). Attitudes toward the elderly: An intergenerational examination. Educational Gerontology, 9, 389-397.
43. Parke, R. D. (1996). Fatherhood. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
44. Parke, R. D. (2002). Parenting in the new millennium: Prospects, promises, and pitfalls. In J. P. McHale & W. S. Grolnick (Eds.), Retrospect and prospect in the study of families (pp. 65-93). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
45. Pearl, R. (1985). Children's understanding of others' need to help: Effects of problem explicitness and type. Child Development, 56, 735-745.
46. Powlishta, K. K., Serbin, L. A., Doyle, A. B., & White, D. R. (1994). Gender, ethnic, and body type biases: The generality of prejudice in childhood. Developmental Psychology, 30, 526-536.
47. Proller, N. L. (1989). The effect of an adoptive grandparent program on youth and elderly participants. Journal of Children in Contemporary Society, 20, 195-203.
48. Rosenwaike, I. (1985). The extreme aged in America: A portrait of an expanding population. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
49. Rosenwasser, S. M., McBride, P. A., Brantley, T. J., & Ginsburg, H. J. (1986). Children and aging: Attitudes, differentiation ability, and quantity and quality of contact. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147, 407-415.
50. Rossman, I. (1980). Bodily changes with aging. In E. W. Busse & D. G. Blazer (Eds.), Handbook of geriatric psychiatry (pp. 125-146). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
51. Ryan, E. B., Szechtman, B., & Bodkin, J. (1992). Attitudes toward young and older adults learning to use computers. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, P96-P101.
52. Seefeldt, C., Jantz, R. K., Galper, A., & Serock, K. (1977). Using pictures to explore children's attitudes toward the elderly. The Gerontologist, 17, 506-511.
53. Selmanowitz, V. J. (1977). Cutaneous changes associated with aging. Journal of Dermatology Surgery and Oncology, 3, 628-634.
54. Slotterback, C. S., & Saarnio, D. A. (1996). Attitudes toward older adults reported by young adults: Variations based on attitudinal task and attribute categories. Psychology and Aging, 11, 563-571.
55. Smith, D. W. (1978). Biology of Growth. In D. W. Smith, E. L. Bierman, & N. M. Robinson (Eds.), The biological ages of man: From conception through old age (2nd ed., pp. 1-21). Philadelphia: Saunders.
56. Taylor, E., Steele, C., & Roberto, K. (1982). Preschool children's discrimination of age. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 54, 539-542.
57. Thomas, E. C., & Yamamoto, K. (1975). Attitudes toward age: An exploration in schoolage children. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 6, 117-219.
58. Weinberger, A. (1979). Stereotyping the elderly. Research on Aging, 1, 111-136.
59. Williams, S. E., Bennett, S. M., & Best, D. L. (1975). Awareness and expression of sex stereotypes in young children. Developmental Psychology, 11, 635-642.
60. Winer, G. A. (1980). Class-inclusion reasoning in children: A review of the empirical literature. Child Development, 51, 309-328.