Resection and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Seminars in Liver Disease

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 181-200

  Llovet, Josep M ^a,b   Schwartz, Myron ^a   Mazzaferro, Vincenzo ^c  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^c NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Adjuvant treatments; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver transplantation; Living donor liver transplantation; Resection

Indexed keywords

MOLECULAR MARKER;

CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; EARLY CANCER; EUROPE; HUMAN; JAPAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FUNCTION; LIVER RESECTION; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LIVING DONOR; PATIENT SELECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SURGICAL MORTALITY; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES;

CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION, THERAPEUTIC; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; HEPATECTOMY; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LIVING DONORS; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; PATIENT SELECTION; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 20344367769     PISSN: 02728087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871198     Document Type: Review

References (133)

1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Estimating the world cancer burden: GLOBOCAN 2000. Int J Cancer 2001;94: 153-156
2. El-Serag HB, Mason AC. Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. N Engl J Med 1999;340:745-750
3. Bosch FX, Ribes J, Diaz M, Clerics R. Primary liver cancer: worldwide incidence and trends. Gastroenterology 2004;127: S5-S16
4. Sangiovanni A, Del Ninno E, Fasani P, et al. Increased survival of cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma detected during surveillance. Gastroenterology 2004;126: 1005-1014
5. Llovet JM, Burroughs A, Bruix J. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 2003;362:1907-1917
6. Bruix J, Sherman M, Llovet JM, et al. Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma: conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference. J Hepatol 2001;35:421-430
7. Llovet JM, Bustamante J, Castells A, et al. Natural history of untreated nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma: rationale for the design and evaluation of therapeutic trials. Hepatology 1999;29:62-67
8. Villa E, Moles A, Ferretti I, et al. Natural history of inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: estrogen receptors' status in the tumor is the strongest prognostic factor for survival. Hepatology 2000;32:233-238
9. Takayama T, Makuuchi S, Hirohashi S, et al. Early hepatocellular carcinoma as an entity with high rate of surgical cure. Hepatology 1998;28:1241-1246
10. Fong Y, Sun RL, Jarnagin W, Blumgart LH. An analysis of 412 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma at a Western center. Ann Surg 1999;229:790-799
11. Llovet JM, Fuster J, Bruix J. Intention-to-treat analysis of surgical treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma: resection versus transplantation. Hepatology 1999;30:1434-1440
12. Arii S, Yamaoka Y, Futagawa S, et al. Results of surgical and nonsurgical treatment for small-sized hepatocellular carcinomas: a retrospective and nationwide survey in Japan. Hepatology 2000;32:1224-1229
13. Zhou XD, Tang ZY, Yang BH, et al. Experience of 1000 patients who underwent hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 2001;91:1479-1486
14. Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, et al. Long-term survival and pattern of recurrence after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with preserved liver function: implications for a strategy of salvage transplantation. Ann Surg 2002;235:373-382
15. Wayne JD, Lauwers GY, Ikai I, et al. Preoperative predictors of survival after resection of small hepatocellular carcinomas. Ann Surg 2002;235:722-731
16. Kianmanesh R, Regimbeau JM, Bekghiti J. Selective approach to major hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma on chronic liver disease. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2003;12:51-63
17. Ercolani G, Grazi GL, Ravaioli M, et al. Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis. Ann Surg 2003;237: 536-543
18. Ikai I, Arii S, Kojiro M, et al. Reevaluation of prognostic factors for survival after liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a Japanese nationwide survey. Cancer 2004;101:796-802
19. Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1996;334:693-699
20. Bismuth H, Majno PE, Adam R. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 1999;19:311-322
21. Jonas S, Bechstein WO, Steinmuller T, et al. Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2001;33:1080-1086
22. Yao FY, Ferrell L, Bass NM, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: expansion of tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival. Hepatology 2001;33:1394-1403
23. Adam R, Azoulay D, Castaing D, et al. Liver resection as a bridge to transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis: a reasonable strategy? Ann Surg 2003;238:508-519
24. Hemming AW, Nelson DR, Reed AI. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Minerva Chir 2002;57:575-585
25. Shetty K, Timmins K, Brensinger C, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma validation of present selection criteria in predicting outcome. Liver Transpl 2004;10:911-918
26. Herrero JI, Sangro B, Quiroga J, et al. Influence of tumor characteristics on the outcome of liver transplantation among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2001;7:631-636
27. Roayaie S, Frischer J, Emre SH, et al. Long-term results with multimodal adjuvant therapy and liver transplantation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 5 cm. Ann Surg 2002;235:533-539
28. Marsh JW, Dvorchik I. Liver organ allocation for hepatocellular carcinoma: are we sure? Liver Transpl 2003;9:693-696
29. Molmenti E, Klintmalm G. Liver transplantation in association with hepatocellular carcinoma: an update of the International Tumor Registry. Liver Transpl 2002;8:736-748
30. Cillo U, Vitale A, Bassanello M, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of moderately or well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 2004;239:150-159
31. National Cancer Institute website, U.S. National Institutes of Health: http://www.cancer.gov
32. Kaihara S, Kiuchi T, Ueda M, et al. Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplantation 2003;75:S37-S40
33. Gondolesi G, Roayaie S, Munoz L, et al. Adult living donor liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: extending UNOS priority criteria. Ann Surg 2004; 239:142-149
34. Todo S, Furukawa H. Living donor liver transplantation for adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: experience in Japan. Ann Surg 2004;240:451-461
35. Llovet JM, Bruix J. Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization improves survival. Hepatology 2003;37:429-442
36. Llovet JM, Real MI, Montana X, et al. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolization versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2002;359:1734-1739
37. Belghiti J, Hiramatsu K, Benoist S. Seven hundred forty-seven hepatectomies in the 1990s: an update to evaluate the actual risk of liver resection. J Am Coll Surg 2000;191: 38-46
38. Bralet MP, Regimbeau JM, Pineau P, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in nonfibrotic liver: epidemiologic and histopathologic analysis of 80 French cases. Hepatology 2000;32:200-204
39. Bismuth H, Majno PE. Hepatobiliary surgery. J Hepatol 2000;32(1 suppl):208-224
40. Song T, Ip E, Fong Y. Hepatocellular carcinoma: current surgical management. Gastroenterology 2004;127:S248-S260
41. Marin-Hargreaves G, Azoulay D, Bismuth H. Hepatocellular carcinoma: surgical indications and results. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003;47:13-27
42. Makuuchi M, Sano K. The surgical approach to HCC: our progress and results in Japan. Liver Transpl 2004;10:S46-S52
43. Torzilli G, Makuuchi M, Inoue K, et al. No-mortality liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients: is there a way? A prospective analysis of our approach. Arch Surg 1999;134:984-992
44. Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL, et al. Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: toward zero hospital deaths. Ann Surg 1999;229:322-330
45. Sobin LH, Wittekind C eds. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 5th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1997
46. Liver (including intrahepatic bile ducts). In: Green F, Page D, Fleming I, et al, eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook. 6th ed. New York: Springer; 2002:131-144
47. Izumi R, Shimizu K, Ii T, et al. Prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients undergoing hepatic resection. Gastroenterology 1994;106:720-727
48. a. Llovet JM, Bruix J, Fuster J, et al. Liver transplantation for treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma: the TNM classification does not have prognostic power. Hepatology 1998;27:1572-1577
49. b. Sala M, Forner A, Varela M, Bruix J. Prognostic prediction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2005;25:171-180
50. Llovet JM, Bru C, Bruix J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin Liver Dis 1999;19:329-338
51. Befeler AS, Di Bisceglie AM. Hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnosis and treatment. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1609-1619
52. Marrero J, Fontana R, Barrat A, et al. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of seven staging systems in an American cohort. Hepatology 2005; In press
53. Vauthey J, Lauwers G, Esnaola N, et al. Simplified staging for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:1527-1536
54. Poon R, Fan S. Evaluation of the new AJCC/UICC staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection in Chinese patients. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2003;12:35-50
55. Makuuchi M, Hasegawa H, Yamazaki S. Indication of hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis (in Japanese). Shindan to Chiryo 1986;74: 1225-1230.
56. Miyagawa S, Mackuuchi M, Kawasaki S, et al. Criteria for safe hepatic resection. Am J Surg 1995;169:589-594
57. Poon R, Fan ST. Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: patient selection and postoperative outcome. Liver Transpl 2004;10:S39-S45
58. Bruix J, Castells A, Bosch J, et al. Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: prognostic value of preoperative portal pressure. Gastroenterology 1996;111:1018-1022
59. Murakami T, Mochizuki K, Nakamura H. Imaging evaluation of the cirrhotic liver. Semin Liver Dis 2001;21:213-224
60. Rizz't PM, Kane PA, Ryder SD, et al. Accuracy of radiology in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 1994;107:1425-1429
61. De Carlis L, Giacomoni A, Pirotta V, et al. Surgical treatment of hepatocellular cancer in the era of hepatic transplantation. J Am Coll Surg 2003;196:887-897
62. Burrel M, Llovet JM, Ayuso C, et al. MRI angiography is superior to helical CT for detection of HCC prior to liver transplantation: an explant correlation. Hepatology 2003;38: 1034-1042
63. Torzilli G, Olivari N, Moroni E, et al. Contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography in surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 2004;10:S34-S38
64. Llovet JM, Wurmbach E. Gene expression profile in hepatocellular carcinoma: not yet there. J Hepatol 2004;41: 336-339
65. Makuuchi M, Belghiti JB, Belli G, et al. IHPBA concordant classification of primary liver cancer: working group report. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2003;10:26-30
66. Kojiro M. Focus on dysplastic nodules and early hepatocellular carcinoma: an eastern point of view. Liver Transpl 2004;10:S3-S8
67. Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S. Natural history and prognosis of adenomatous hyperplasia and early hepatocellular carcinoma: multi-institutional analysis of 53 nodules followed up for more than 6 months and 141 patients with single early hepatocellular carcinoma treated by surgical resection or percutaneous ethanol injection. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1998;28: 604-608
68. Lee J, Chu I, Heo J, et al. Classification and prediction of survival in hepatocellular carcinoma by gene expression profiling. Hepatology 2004;40:667-676
69. Belghiti J, Panis Y, Farges O, et al. Intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatoceUular carcinoma complicating cirrhosis. Ann Surg 1991;214:114-117
70. Okada S, Shimada K, Yamamoto J, et al. Predictive factors for postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 1994;106:1618-1624
71. Adachi E, Maeda T, Matsumata T, et al. Risk factors for intrahepatic recurrence in human small hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 1995;108:768-775
72. Kumada T, Nakano S, Takeda I, et al. Patterns of recurrence after initial treatment in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 1997;25:87-92
73. Imamura H, Matsuyama Y, Tanaka E, et al. Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Hepatol 2003; 38:200-207
74. Iizuka N, Oka M, Yamada-Okabe H, et al. Oligonucleotide microarray for prediction of early intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Lancet 2003;361:923-929
75. Chen Y, Yeh SH, Chen JT, et al. Chromosomal changes and clonality relationship between primary and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2000;119: 431-440
76. Finkelstein SD, Marsh W, Demetris AJ, et al. Microdissection-based allelotyping discriminates de novo tumor from intrahepatic spread in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2003;37:871-879
77. Ng I, Guan X, Poon R, et al. Determination of the molecular relationship between multiple tumor nodules in hepatocellular carcinoma differentiates multicentric origin from intrahepatic metastasis. J Pathol 2003;199:345-353
78. Muto Y, Moriwaki H, Ninomiya M, Adachi S, Saito A, Takasaki KT. Prevention of second primary tumors by an acyclic retinoid, polyprenoic acid, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1561-1567
79. Schwartz JD, Schwartz M, Mandeli J, Sung M. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: review of the randomised clinical trials. Lancet Oncol 2002;3:593-603
80. Wu CC, Oho YZ, Lin W, et al. Preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for resectable large hepatocellular carcinoma: a reappraisal. Br J Surg 1995;82:122-126
81. Yamasaki S, Hasegawa H, Kinoshita H, et al. A prospective randomized trial of preventive effect of pre-operative transcatheter arterial embolization against recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996;87:206-211
82. Izumi R, Shimizu S, Iyobe T, et al. Postoperative adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion of lipiodol containing anticancer drugs in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 1994;20:295-301
83. Li JQ, Zhang YK, Zhang WZ, et al. Randomized study of chemoembolization as an adjuvant therapy for primary liver carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1995; 121:364-366
84. Lai EC, Lo CM, Fan ST, et al. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Surg 1998;133:183-188
85. Ueno S, Tanabe G, Yoshida K, et al. Postoperative prediction and strategy for metastatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma according to histologic activity of hepatitis. Cancer 1999;86:248-254
86. Khono H, Nagasue H, Hayashi H, et al. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy after radical hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatogastroenterology 1996;43:1405-1409
87. Lau WY, Leung TW, Ho SK, et al. Adjuvant intra-arterial iodine-131-labelled lipiodol for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353:797-801
88. Yamamoto M, Arii S, Sughara K, et al. Adjuvant oral chemotherapy after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg 1996;83:336-340
89. Ono T, Nagasue N, Kohno H, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with epirubicin and carmofur after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomized study. Semin Oncol 1997;24(suppl 6):S6-18
90. Takayama T, Sekine T, Makuuchi M, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy to lower postsurgical recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 356:802-807
91. Ikeda K, Arase Y, Saitoh S, et al. Interferon beta prevents recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after complete resection or ablation of the primary tumor: a prospective randomized study of hepatitis C virus-related liver cancer. Hepatology 2000;32:228-232
92. Kubo S, Nishiguchi S, Hirohashi K, et al. Effects of long-term postoperative interferon-alpha therapy on intrahepatic recurrence after resection of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Intern Med 2001;134:963-967
93. Shiratobi Y, Shiina S, Teratani T, et al. Interferon therapy after tumor ablation improves prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:299-306
94. Lin SM, Lin CJ, Hsu CW, et al. Prospective randomized controlled study of interferon-alpha in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after medical ablation therapy for primary tumors. Cancer 2004;100:376-382
95. Boucher E, Corbinais S, Rolland Y. Adjuvant intra-arterial injection of iodine-131-labeled lipiodol after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2003;38:1237-1241
96. Majno PE, Sarasin FP, Mentha G. Primary liver resection and salvage transplantation or primary liver transplantation in patients with single, small hepatocellular carcinoma and preserved liver function: an outcome-oriented decision analysis. Hepatology 2000;31:899-906
97. Llovet JM, Bruix J, Gores G. Surgical resection vs transplantation for early hepatocellular carcinoma: clues for the best strategy. Hepatology 2000;31:1019-1021
98. Belghiti J, Cortes A, Abdalla E, et al. Resection prior to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 2003;238:885-893
99. Sala M, Fuster J, Llovet JM, et al. High pathological risk of recurrence after surgical resection for HCC. An indication for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2004;10:1294-1300
100. Esquivel CO, Iwatsuki S, Gordon RD, Starzl TE. Transplantation for primary liver cancer. In: Wanebo HJ, ed. Hepatic and Biliary Cancer. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1987:484
101. Lotze MT, Wanebo HJ. Current and future research directions in management of hepatic cancer. In: Wanebo HJ, ed. Hepatic and Biliary Cancer. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1987:512
102. Ringe B, Pichlmayr R, Wittekind C, Tusch G. Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: experience with liver resection and transplantation in 198 patients. World J Surg 1991;15:270-285
103. Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE, Sheahan DG, et al. Hepatic resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 1991;214:221-228
104. Iwatsuki S, Gordon RD, Shaw BW Jr, et al. Role of liver transplantation in cancer therapy. Ann Surg 1985;202:401-407
105. Bismuth H, Chiche L, Adam R, Castaing D, Diamond T, Dennison A. Liver resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Ann Surg 1993;218: 145-151
106. Bruix J, Llovet JM. Prognostic prediction and treatment strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2002;35: 519-524
107. Roayaie S, Ben-Haim M, Fishbein TM, et al. Comparison of surgical outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B versus hepatitis C: a Western experience. Ann Surg Oncol 2000;7:764-770
108. Llovet JM, Sala M, Fuster J, et al. Predictors of drop-out and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma candidates for liver transplantation. Hepatology 2003;38:763A
109. Yao F, Bass N, Nikolai B, et al. A follow-up analysis of the pattern and predictors of dropout from the waiting list for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for the current organ allocation policy. Liver Transpl 2003;9:684-692
110. Maddala YK, Stadheim L, Andrews JC, et al. Drop-out rates of patients with hepatocellular cancer listed for liver transplantation: outcome with chemoembolization. Liver Transpl 2004;10:449-455
111. Bruix J, Fuster J, Llovet JM. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Foucault pendulum vs evidence-based decision. Liver Transpl 2003;9:700-702
112. Marsh JW, Geller D, Finkelstein S, et al. Role of liver transplantation for hepatobiliary malignant disorders. Lancet Oncol 2004;5:480-488
113. Schwartz M. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2004;127:S268-S276
114. Stone MJ, Klintmalm GB, Polter D, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study in 20 patients. Gastroenterology 1993;104:196-202
115. Olthoff KM, Rosove MH, Shackleton CR, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 1995;221:734-741
116. Majno PE, Adam R, Bismuth H, et al. Influence of preoperative transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization on resection and transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. Ann Surg 1997;226:688-701
117. Oldhafer KJ, Chavan A, Fruhauf NR, et al. Arterial chemoembolization before liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: marked tumor necrosis, but no survival benefit? J Hepatol 1998;29:953-959
118. Graziadei IW, Sandmueller H, Waldenberger P, et al. Chemoembolization followed by liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma impedes tumor progression while on the waiting list and leads to excellent outcome. Liver Transpl 2003;9:557-563
119. Mazzaferro V, Battiston C, Perrone S. Radiofrequency ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation: a prospective study. Ann Surg 2004;240:900-909
120. Lu DS, Yu NC, Raman SS, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment success as defined by histologic examination of the explanted liver. Radiology 2005;234:954-960
121. Llovet JM, Mas X, Aponte J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation. Gut 2002;50:123-128
122. Roayaie S, Llovet JM. Extended indications in liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis 2005; 9:315-328
123. Miller CM, Gondolesi GE, Florman S, et al. One hundred nine living donor liver transplants in adults and children: a single-center experience. Ann Surg 2001;234:301-312
124. Marcos A. Right lobe living donor liver transplantation: a review. Liver Transpl 2000;6:3-20
125. Trotter J, Wachs M, Everson G, Kam I. Adult-to-adult transplantation of the right hepatic lobe from living donor. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1074-1082
126. Sugawara Y, Makuuchi M, Takayama T. Safe donor hepatectomy for living related liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2002;8:58-62
127. Ben-Haim M, Emre S, Fishbein TM, et al. Critical graft size in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation: impact of the recipient's disease. Liver Transpl 2001;7:948-953
128. Sarasin F, Majno P, Llovet JM, Mentha J, Bruix J, Hadengue A. Liver donor liver transplantation for early hepatocellular carcinoma: a cost-effectiveness perspective. Hepatology 2001;33:1073-1079
129. Garcia-Retortillo M, Forns X, Llovet JM, et al. Hepatitis C recurrence is more severe after living donor transplantation compared to cadaveric liver transplantation. Hepatology 2004;40:699-707
130. Bozorgzadeh A, Jain A, Ryan C, et al. Impact of hepatitis C viral infection in primary cadaveric liver allograft versus primary living-donor allograft in 100 consecutive liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. Transplantation 2004;77:1066-1107
131. Gaglio PJ, Malireddy S, Levitt BS. Increased risk of cholestatic hepatitis C in recipients of grafts from living versus cadaveric liver donors. Liver Transpl 2003;9:1028-1035
132. Forns Garcia-Retortillo M, Forns X. Prevention and treatment of hepatitis C. virus recurrence after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2004;41:2-10
133. Starzl TE, Marchioro TL, Paris TD. Liver transplantation. Ann Intern Med 1966;64:473-477