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The Pfitzinger is an old synthesis of quinoline-4-carboxylic acids from the reaction of isatin and α-methylene carbonyl compounds. The conditions are harsh: a concentrated solution of hydroxide in aqueous alcohol, isatin, and the α-methylene carbonyl compound are heated at reflux for several days. The mixture is treated with charcoal, filtered, and the product is precipitated by acidification with 50% acetic acid. For examples, see Baldwin, J. E.; Magnus, P. E., Eds.; Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series, Elsevier: Oxford, United Kingdom
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