Valuing the impacts of climate change on protected areas in Africa

Ecological Economics

Volumn 53, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 21-33

  Velarde, Sandra J ^a   Malhi, Yadvinder ^b,c   Moran, Dominic ^d   Wright, Jim ^e   Hussain, Salman ^d  

^a WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE ICRAF   (Kenya)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^d SCOTTISH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

African protected areas; Benefits transfer; Climate change; Ecosystem shifts; Holdridge life zones

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; ECONOMIC IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; PROTECTED AREA;

AFRICA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 20144361977     PISSN: 09218009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.07.024     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Agostini, P., 1995. Economic Analysis of Ecologically Sensitive Areas in Developing Countries. Dissertation, University of California, San Diego, California.
2. 2 stabilisation for the impacts of climate change Climatic Change 53 4 2002 413 466
3. C. Azar, and T. Sterner Discounting and distributional considerations in the context of global warming Ecological Economics 19 2 1996 169 184
4. E.B. Barbier Sustainable use of wetlands. Valuing tropical wetlands benefits: economic methodologies and applications Geographical Journal 159 1 1993 22 32
5. J.I. Barnes Economic characteristics of the demand for wildlife-viewing tourism in Botswana Development Southern Africa 13 3 1996 337 397
6. J.I. Barnes, C. Schier, and G. van Rooy Tourists' willingness to pay for wildlife viewing and wildlife conservation in Namibia South African Journal of Wildlife Research 29 4 1999 101 111
7. G. Brown, M. Ward, and D.J. Jansen Economic value of National Parks in Zimbabwe: Hwange and Mana Pools. ZWLMEC Project Report 1995 World Bank Washington, DC, USA 55 pp.
8. B. Child Economic analysis of buffalo range ranch A. Kiss Living with wildlife resource management with local participation in Africa 1990 World Bank Washington, DC 193 204
9. C. Clark, L. Davenport, and P. Mkanga Designing policies for setting park user fees and allocating proceeds among stakeholders: the case of Tarangire National Park, Tanzania 1995 World Bank Washington, DC
10. Department of National Parks Zimbabwe Table 6.3 D. Pearce D. Moran The economic value of biodiversity 1991 Earthscan London 86 91
11. Djoh, E., van der Whal, M., 2001. Gorilla-based Tourism: A Realistic Source of Community Income in Cameroon? Rural Development Forestry Network (RDFN) paper 25e(iii). ODI-Overseas Development Institute, London, 31-37. http://www.odi.org.uk/fpeg/publications/rdfn/25/rdfn-25e-iii.pdf.
12. S. Fankhauser Valuing Climate change: the economics of the greenhouse 1995 Earthscan London 180 pp.
13. FAO, 2002. Forest Valuation Database. http://www.fao.org/forestry/site/ valuation/en.
14. P.M. Fearnside Time preference in global warming calculations: a proposal for a unified index Ecological Economics 41 1 2002 21 31
15. F.L. Filion, J.P. Foley, and A.J. Jaquemont The economics of global ecotourism M. Munasinghe J. McNeely Protected areas economics and policy: linking conservation and sustainable development 1994 World Bank Washington, DC 235 252
16. Giorgi, F, 2001. Modelling Regional Climate Change. Sci Dev. Net, Climate Change Policy Briefs. http://www.scidev.net/dossiers/index.cfm?fuseaction= policybrief&dossier=4&policy=30.
17. L.R. Holdridge Determination of world plant formations from simple climatic data Science 105 2727 1947 367 368
18. L.R. Holdridge Life zone ecology 1967 Tropical Science Center San José de Costa Rica 206 pp.
19. L.R. Holdridge Ecología basada en zonas de vida 1987 c. 1978 Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas (IICA) San José, Costa Rica 216 pp.
20. Howard, P.C., 1996. The opportunity costs of protected areas in Uganda. Presented at the Economics of Biodiversity Loss, A workshop for the development of a framework for biodiversity loss assessment, April 1996, IUCN, Gland, Switzeland. http://www.biodiversityeconomics.org/pdf/960401-11.pdf.
21. IPCC, 1998. An Introduction to Simple Climate Models Used in the IPCC Second Assessment Report IPCC Technical Paper II, WMO/UNEP, Geneva, 47 pp.
22. IPCC, 2002. The IPCC Data Distribution Centre Access to the GCM Archive (ISA92 and similar scenario runs). http://www.ipcc-ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk/dkrz/ dkrz_index.html.
23. Krug, W., 2003. Maximising Sustainable National Benefits from Nature Tourism in Namibia. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University College London, 335 pp.
24. Leemans, R., 1990. Possible Changes in Natural Vegetation Patterns Due to a Global Warming. IIASA Working Paper WP-90-08 and Publication Number 108 of the Biosphere Dynamics Project. International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria, 22 pp.
25. D.R. Legates Limitations of climate models as predictors of climate change Brief analysis vol. 396 2002 The National Center of Policy Analysis (NCPA) 2 pp.
26. Y. Malhi, and J. Wright Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical forest regions Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 359 2004 311 329
27. A. Markandaya, and D. Pearce Natural environments and the social rate of discount Project Appraisal 3 1 1988 2 12
28. J.J. McCarthy O.F. Canziani N.A. Leary D.J. Dokken S.W. Kasey Climate Change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the IPCC Third Assessment Report 2001 Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK 1032 pp.
29. E. Mercer, R. Kramer, and N. Sharma Rain forest tourism-estimating the benefits of tourism in a new national park in Madagascar Journal of Forest Economics 1 2 1995 239 269
30. MET, 1997. Namibia visitor survey 1996/7. Ministry of Environment and Tourism, PPMIU, Windhoek, Namibia.
31. M. Munasinghe Environmental economics and sustainable development World Bank Environment Paper vol. 3 1993 World Bank Washington, DC 111 pp.
32. N. Nakicenovic R. Swart Special report on emissions scenarios 2000 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 612 p.
33. S. Navrud, and E.D. Mungatana Environmental valuation in developing countries: the recreational value of wildlife viewing Ecological Economics 11 2 1994 135 151
34. Ndoye, O., Ruiz Perez, M., Eyebe, A., 1997. The Markets of Non-timber Forest Products in the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon. Rural Development Forestry Network (RDFN) Paper 22c. ODI-Overseas Development Institute, London, 20p. http://www.odifpeg.org.uk/publications/rdfn/22/rdfn-22c.pdf.
35. M. New, M. Hulme, and P. Jones Representing twentieth-century space-time climate variability. Part I: development of a 1961-90 mean monthly terrestrial climatology Journal of Climate 12 3 1998 829 856
36. NOAA/NCDC, 2002. GFDL Global Climate Model (GCM) [100 year run]. ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/datasets/gcm/readme.
37. W.D. Nordhaus, and J. Boyer Warming the world: economic models of climate change 2000 MIT Press Cambridge, MA, USA
38. M. Norton-Griffiths, and C. Southey The opportunity costs of biodiversity conservation in Kenya Ecological Economics 12 2 1995 125 139
39. C. Parmesan, and G. Yohe A globally coherent fingerprint of climate impacts across natural systems Nature 421 2003 37 42
40. Pearce, D.W., 1990. An Economic Approach to Saving the Amazonian Rainforest. Discussion paper 90-06. London Environmental Economics Centre, London, 30 pp.
41. D.W. Pearce The social cost of carbon and its policy implications Oxford Review of Economic Policy 19 3 2003 362 384
42. D.W. Pearce, and D. Moran The economic value of biodiversity 1994 Earthscan London
43. D.W. Pearce, W.R. Cline, A.N. Achanta, S. Fankhauser, R.K. Pachauri, R.S.J. Tol, and P. Vellinga The social costs of climate change: greenhouse damage and the benefits of control J.P. Bruce H. Lee E.F. Haites Economic and social dimensions of climate change, equity and social considerations. Contribution of Working Group III to the second assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change 1996 Cambridge University Press Cambridge, United Kingdom 179 224
44. J.C. Pernetta R. Leemans D. Elder S. Humphrey Impacts of climate change on ecosystems and species: implications for protected areas. 4th World Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas: (February 10-21, 1992: Caracas, Venezuela) 1994 IUCN Gland, Switzerland 104 pp.
45. Ruitenbeek, H.J., 1989. Social cost benefit analysis of the Korup project, Cameroon. WWF report prepared for the World Wide Fund for Nature and the Republic of Cameroon, London.
46. R.D. Simpson, R.A. Sedjo, and J.W. Reid Valuing biodiversity for use in pharmaceutical research The Journal of Political Economy 104 1 1996 163 185
47. T.M. Smith, P.N. Halpin, H.H. Shugart, and C.M. Secrett Global forests K.M. Strzepek J.B. Smith As climate changes: international impacts and implications 1995 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 146 179
48. D. Taylor, and A.C. Hamilton Impact of climatic change on tropical forests in Africa: implications for protected area planning and management J.C. Pernetta R. Leemans D. Elder S. Humphrey Impacts of climate change on ecosystems and species: implications for protected areas 1994 IUCN Gland, Switzerland 77 94
49. R. Tol Estimates of the damage costs of climate change. Part 1 Benchmark estimates Environmental and Resource Economics 21 2002 47 73
50. J.K. Turpie, and W.R. Siegfried The conservation-economic imperative: securing the future of protected areas in South Africa Africa Environment and Wildlife 4 3 1996 35 37
51. Turpie, J., Winkler, H., Spalding-Fecher, R., Midgely, G., 2002. Economic impacts of climate change in South Africa: a preliminary analysis of unmitigated costs. Energy and Development Research Center (EDRC), University of Cape Town, South Africa, 58p. http://www.web.uct.ac.za/depts/fitzpatrick/pdf/ turpie02.pdf.
52. US Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Department of Commerce, 2002. National Income and Product Accounts Tables. Table 1.1.4. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/dn/nipaweb/SelectTable.asp?Selected= Y.
53. H. von Storch Inconsistencies at the interface of climate impact studies and global climate research Meteorologische Zeitschrift 4 1995 72 80
54. M. Wells The economic and social contribution of protected areas in new South Africa 1996 Land and Agricultural Policy Centre Johanesburg, South Africa
55. D.S. Wilkie Impact of roadside agriculture on subsistence hunting in the Ituri forest of northeastern Zaire American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78 4 1989 485 494
56. D.S. Wilkie, and B. Curran Why do Mbuti hunters use nets? Ungulate hunting efficiency of bows and nets in the Ituri rain forest American Anthropologist 93 1991 680 689
57. Williams, R.H., 2001. Nuclear and alternative energy supply options for an environmentally constrained world: a long-term perspective, prepared for the Nuclear Control Institute Conference "Nuclear power and the spread of nuclear weapons: can we have one without the other?" April 2001, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Washington, D.C.
58. World Resource Institute and World Conservation Monitoring Centre Africa data sampler user's guide. CD-ROM version. A geo-referenced database for all African countries 1995 Word Resource Institute Washington, DC
59. World Tourism Organisation Commission for Africa, 2002. Speech addressed by Mr. Francesco Frangialli Secretary-General of the WTO. Thirty-eight meeting, Abuja, Nigeria 24-27 April 2002.
60. D.N. Yates, T.G.F. Kittel, and R.F. Cannon Comparing the correlative Holdridge model to mechanistic biogeographical models for assessing vegetation distribution response to climatic change Climatic Change 44 1-2 2000 59 87
61. H. Zhang, A. Henderson-Sellers, and K. McGuffie The compounding effects of tropical deforestation and greenhouse warming on climate Climatic Change 49 3 2001 309 338