The umbilical coiling index, a review of the literature

Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 93-100

  De Laat, Monique W M ^a   Franx, Arie ^a,b   Van Alderen, Elise D ^a   Nikkels, Peter G J ^a   Visser, Gerard H A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^b ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Coiling; Umbilical coiling index; Umbilical cord

Indexed keywords

BLOOD VESSEL OCCLUSION; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EVALUATION; FETUS; FETUS DEATH; FETUS DISTRESS; FETUS ECHOGRAPHY; FETUS HEART RATE; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; KARYOTYPE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDLINE; PREGNANCY COMPLICATION; PREGNANCY DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLICATION; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THROMBOSIS; UMBILICAL ARTERY; UMBILICAL CORD; UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD FLOW; UMBILICAL CORD COILING INDEX; UMBILICAL CORD HYPERCOILING; UMBILICAL CORD HYPOCOILING; UMBILICAL VEIN;

EID: 20044386780     PISSN: 14767058     EISSN: 14764954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/jmf.17.2.93.100     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Edmonds HW. The spiral twist of the normal umbilical cord in twins and in singletons. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1954;67:102-120.
2. Cunningham, et al. Williams obstetrics. 20th ed. Stamford, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange; 1997.
3. Benirschke K, Kaufmann P. Pathology of the human placenta. New York: Springer; 1995.
4. Blackburn W, Cooley NR. The umbilical cord. In: Stevenson RE, Hall JG, Goodman RM, editors. Human malformations and related anomalies, volume II, chapter 37. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993.
5. Sherer DM, Anyaegbunam A. Prenatal ultrasonographic morphologic assessment of the umbilical cord: A review. Part I. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1997;52(8):506-514.
6. Sadler TW. Langmans medical embryology, 10th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co. 1988.
7. Fujikura T. Fused umbilical arteries near placental cord insertion. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188(3):765-767.
8. Fox H, Khong TY. Lack of innervation of the human umbilical cord. An immunohistochemical and histochemical study. Placenta 1990;11:59-62.
9. Malpas P, Symonds EM. Observations on the structure of the human umbilical cord. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1966;123:746-750.
10. Chaurasia BD, Agarwal BM. Helical structure of the human umbilical cord. Acta Anat (Basel) 1979;103:226-230.
11. Roach MR. The umbilical vessels. Perinatal medicine, 13th ed. Hagerstown, Maryland: Harper and Row. 1976. p 134-142.
12. Sepulveda W. Time for a more detailed prenatal examination of the umbilical cord? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999;13:157-160.
13. Di Naro E, Ghezzi F, Raio L, Franchi M, D'Addario V. Umbilical cord morphology and pregnancy outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001;96:150-157.
14. Lacro RV, Jones KL, Benirschke K, The umbilical cord twist: direction, and relevance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;157:833-838.
15. Strong TH, Finberg HJ, Mattox JH. Antepartum diagnosis of noncoiled umbilical cords. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170(6):1729-1733.
16. Strong TH, Jarles DL, Vega JS, Feldman DB. The umbilical coiling index. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:29-32.
17. Van Dijk CC, Franx A, de Laat MWM, Bruinse HW, Visser GHA, Nikkels PGJ. The umbilical coiling index in normal pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002;11:280-283.
18. Strong TH, Elliot JP, Radin TG. Non-coiled umbilical blood vessels: a new marker for the fetus at risk. Obstet Gynecol 1993;81:409-411.
19. Rana J, Ebert GA, Kappy KA. Adverse perinatal outcome in patients with an abnormal umbilical coiling index. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:573-577.
20. Atalla RK, Abrams K, Bell SC, Taylor DJ. Newborn acid-base status and umbilical cord morphology. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:865-868.
21. Ezimokhai M, Rizk DEE, Thomas L. Maternal risk factors for abnormal vascular coiling of the umbilical cord. Am J Perinat 2000;17:441-445.
22. Machin GA, Ackerman J, Gilbert-Barness E. Abnormal umbilical cord coiling is associated with adverse perinatal outcome. Pediatr Devl Pathol 2000;3:462-471.
23. Degani S, Lewinsky RM, Berger H, Spiegel D. Sonographic estimation of umbilical coiling index and correlation with Doppler flow characteristics. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86:990-993.
24. Finberg HJ. Avoiding ambiguity in the sonographic determination of the direction of umbilical cord twists. J Ultrasound Med 1992;11:185-187.
25. Qin Y, Lau TK, Rogers MS. Second-trimester ultrasonographic assessment of the umbilical coiling index. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;20:458-463.
26. Reynolds SRM. The umbilical cord. Scientific Am 1952;187:70-74.
27. Reynolds SRM. Mechanisms of placentofetal blood flow. Obstet Gynecol 1978;51:245-249.
28. Nakai Y, Imanaka M, Nishio J, Ogita S. Umbilical venous pulsation and regional circulatory disturbance. Ultrasound in Med and Biol 1997;23(8):1165-1169.
29. Georgiou HM, Rice GE, Walker SP, Wein P, Gude NM, Permezel M. The effect of vascular coiling on venous perfusion during experimental umbilical cord encirclement. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184(4):673-678.
30. Strong TH Jr, Manriquez Gilpin MP, Gilpin BJ. Umbilical vascular coiling and nuchal entanglement. J Mat Fet Med 1996;5(6):359-361.
31. Cullen TS. Embryology, Anatomy and Diseases of the Umbilicus, together with Disease of the Urachus. Illustrations by Max Brodel. Philadelphia, and London: WB Saunders Co; 1916.