Ectopic intratracheal thyroid: An illustrative case report and literature review

Thyroid

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 478-484

  Bowen Wright, Hazel E ^a   Jonklaas, Jacqueline ^a,b  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTITHYROID AGENT; BRONCHODILATING AGENT;

ADULT; AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; CASE REPORT; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DYSPNEA; ECTOPIC THYROID GLAND; ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY; FEMALE; HIGH ARCHED PALATE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; LARYNGOSCOPY; LUNG FLOW VOLUME CURVE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; THYROID HYPERPLASIA; TRACHEA; TRACHEOSTOMY;

ADULT; AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; CHORISTOMA; ENDOSCOPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; LARYNGOSCOPY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; THYROID GLAND; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TRACHEAL DISEASES; TRACHEOSTOMY;

EID: 20044374043     PISSN: 10507256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2005.15.478     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Effects of neonatal screening for hypothyroidism: Prevention of mental retardation by treatment before clinical manifestations. New England Congenital Hypothyroidism Collaborative. 1981 Lancet 2:1095-1098.
2. Kopp P 2002. Perspective: Genetic defects in the etiology of congenital hypothyroidism. Endocrinology 143:2019-2024.
3. Van Vliet G 2003 Development of the thyroid gland: lessons from congenitally hypothyroid mice and men. Clin Genet 63:445-455.
4. Gillam MP, Kopp P 2001 Genetic regulation of thyroid development. Curr Opin Pediatr 13:358-363.
5. Olivieri A, Stazi MA, Mastroiacovo P, Fazzini C, Medda E, Spagnolo A, DeAngelis S, Grandolfo ME, Taruscio D, Cardedda V, Sorcini M; Study Group for Congenital Hypothyroidism 2002 A population-based study on the frequency of additional congenital malformations in infants with congenital hypothyroidism: data from the Italian Registry for Congenital Hypothyroidism (1991-1998). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:557-562.
6. Macchia PE, De Felice M, Di Lauro R 1999 Molecular genetics of congenital hypothyroidism. Curr Opin Genet Dev 9:289-294.
7. Devos H, Rodd C, Gagne N, Laframboise R, Van Vliet G 1999 A search for the possible molecular mechanisms of thyroid dysgenesis: Sex ratios and associated malformations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:2502-2506.
8. Castanet M, Polak M, Bonaiti-Pellie C, Lyonnet S, Czernichow P, Leger J, on behalf of AFDPHE (Association Francaise pour le Depistage et la Prevention des Handicaps de l'Enfant) 2001 Nineteen years of national screening for congenital hypothyroidism: Familial cases with thyroid dysgenesis suggest the involvement of genetic factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:2009-2014.
9. Castanet M, Park SM, Smith A, Bost M, Leger J, Lyonnet S, Pelet A, Czernichow P, Chalterjee K, Polak M 2002 A novel loss-of-function mutation in TTF-2 is associated with congenital hypothyroidism, thyroid agenesis and cleft palate. Hum Mol Genet 2002. 11:2051-2059.
10. De Felice M, Ovitt C, Biffali E, Rodriguez-Mallan A, Arra C, Anastassiadis K, Macchia PE, Maltei MG, Manano A, Scholer H, Macchia V, Di Lauro R 1998 A mouse model for hereditary thyroid dysgenesis and cleft palate. Nat Genet 19:395-398.
11. Batsakis JG, El-Naggar AK, Luna MA 1996 Thyroid gland ectopias. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 105:996-1000.
12. Noyek AM, Friedberg J 1981 Thyroglossal duct and ectopic thyroid disorders. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 14:187-201.
13. Ferlito A, Giarelli L, Silvestri F 1988 Intratracheal thyroid. J Laryngol Otol 102:95-96.
14. Dowling EA, Johnson IM, Collier FC, Dillard RA 1962 Intratracheal goiter: A clinico-pathologic review. Ann Surg, 156:258-267.
15. Salam MA 1992 Ectopic thyroid mass adherent to the oesophagus. J Laryngol Otol 106:746-747.
16. Gamblin TC, Jennings GR, Christie DB 3rd, Thompson WM, Dalton ML 2003 Ectopic thyroid. Ann Thorac Surg 75:1952-1953.
17. Rieser GD, Ober KP, Cowan RJ, Cordell AR 1988 Radioiodide imaging of struma cordis. Clin Nucl Med 13:421-422.
18. Williams RJ, Lindop G, Butler J 2002 Ectopic thyroid tissue on the ascending aorta: An operative finding. Ann Thorac Surg 73:1642-1643.
19. Shiraishi T, Imai H, Fukutome K, Watanabe M, Yatani R 1999 Ectopic thyroid in the adrenal gland. Hum Pathol 30:105-108.
20. Eyuboglu E, Kapan M, Ipek T, Ersan Y, Oz F 1999 Ectopic thyroid in the abdomen: Report of a case. Surg Today 29:472-474.
21. Maino K, Skelton H, Yaeger J, Smith KJ 2004 Benign ectopic thyroid tissue in a cutaneous location: A case report and review. J Cutan Pathol 31:195-198.
22. Baik SH, Choi JH, Lee HM 2002 Dual ectopic thyroid. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 259:105-107.
23. Hod N, Mindlin L, Cohenpour M, Horne T 2002 Double ectopic thyroid. Pediatr Radiol 32:859-861.
24. Hazarika P, Siddiqui SA, Pujary K, Shah P, Nayak DR, Balakrishnan R 1998 Dual ectopic thyroid: A report of two cases. J Laryngol Otol 112:393-395.
25. Marinovic D, Garel C, Czernichow P, Leger J 2004 Ultrasonographic assessment of the ectopic thyroid tissue in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Pediatr Radiol 34:109-113.
26. Weng LP, Kaiser A, Koch HH, Wunsch PH 2000 Multilocular thyroid gland ectopy. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 125:421-424.
27. Neinas FW, German CA, Devine KD, Woolner LB 1973 Lingual thyroid. Clinical characteristics of 15 cases. Ann Intern Med 79:205-210.
28. Byrd MC, Thompson LD, Wieneke JA 2003 Intratracheal ectopic thyroid tissue: A case report and literature review. Ear Nose Throat J 82:514-518.
29. Donegan JO, Wood MD 1985 Intratracheal thyroid - Familial occurrence. Laryngoscope 95:6-8.
30. Fish J, Moore RM 1963 Ectopic thyroid tissue and ectopic thyroid carcinoma: A review of the literature and report of a case. Ann Surg 157:212-222.
31. Myers EN, Pantangco, Jr, IP 1975 Intratracheal thyroid. Laryngoscope 85:1833-1840.
32. Ettrich P, Skuballa A 2000 [Symptomatic struma intratrachealis, a differential diagnostic challenge]. Chirurg 71: 1401-1404.
33. Chanin LR, Greenberg LM 1988. Pediatric upper airway obstruction due to ectopic thyroid: Classification and case reports. Laryngoscope 98:422-427.
34. al-Hajjaj MS 1991 Ectopic intratracheal thyroid presenting as bronchial asthma. Respiration 58:329-331.
35. Hazarika P, Ravikumar V, Nayak RG, Anthony T 1985 Intralaryngotracheal thyroid. Ear Nose Throat J 64:68, 70-72.
36. Rotenberg D, Lawson VG, van Nostrand AW 1979 Thyroid carcinoma presenting as a tracheal tumor. Case report and literature review with relfections on pathogenesis. J Otolaryngol 8:401-410.
37. Hari CK, Brown MJ, Thompson I 1999 Tall cell variant of papillary carcinoma arising from ectopic thyroid tissue in the trachea. J Laryngol Otol 113:183-185.
38. Muysoms F, Boedts M, Claeys D 1997 Intratracheal ectopic thyroid tissue mass. Chest 112:1684-1685.
39. See AC, Patel SG, Montgomery PQ, Rhys Evans PH, Fisher C 1998 Intralaryngotracheal thyroid - Ectopic thyroid or invasive carcinoma? J Laryngol Otol 112:673-676.
40. Dossing H, Jorgensen KE, Oster-Jorgensen E, Krogdahl A, Hegedus L 1999 Recurrent pregnancy-related upper airway obstruction caused by intratracheal ectopic thyroid tissue. Thyroid 9:955-958.
41. Brandwein M, Som P, Urken M 1998 Benign intratracheal thyroid: a possible cause for preoperative overstaging. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 124:1266-1269.
42. Waggoner LG 1958 Intralaryngeal intratracheal thyroid. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 67:61-71.
43. Ogden CW, Goldstraw P 1991 Intratracheal thyroid tissue presenting with stridor. A case report. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 5:108-109.
44. Soylu L, Kiroglu F, Ersoz C, Ozcan C, Aydogan B 1993 Intralaryngotracheal thyroid. Am J Otolaryngol 14:145-147.
45. Osammor JY, Bulman CH, Blewitt RW 1990 Intralaryngotracheal thyroid. J Laryngol Otol 104:733-736.
46. Randolph J, Grunt JA, Vawter GF 1963 The medical and surgical aspects of intratracheal goiter. N Engl J Med 268:457-461.
47. Di Lauro R, De Felice M, 2001 Anatomy and development. In: De Groot L, and Jameson L (eds) Endocrinology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 1268-1277.
48. Gillam MP, Kopp P 2001 Genetic defects in thyroid hormone synthesis. Curr Opin Pediatr 13:364-372.
49. Fagman H, Grande M, Edsbagge J, Semb H, Nilsson M 2003 Expression of classical cadherins in thyroid development: Maintenance of an epithelial phenotype throughout organogenesis. Endocrinology 144:3618-3624.
50. Damante G, Tell G, Di Lauro R 2001 A unique combination of transcription factors controls differentiation of thyroid cells. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 66:307-356.
51. Fagman H, Grande M, Gritli-Linde A, Nilsson M 2004 Genetic deletion of sonic hedgehog causes hemiagenesis and ectopic development of the thyroid in mouse. Am J Pathol 164:1865-1872.
52. Mansouri A, Chowdhury K, Gruss P 1998 Follicular cells of the thyroid gland require Pax8 gene function. Nat Genet 19:87-90.
53. Macchia PE, Lapi P, Krude H, Pirro MT, Missero C, Chiovato L, Souabni A, Baserga M, Tassi V, Pinchera A, Fenzi G, Gruters A, Busslinger M, Di Lauro R 1998 PAX8 mutations associated with congenital hypothyroidism caused by thyroid dysgenesis. Nat Genet 19:83-86.
54. Meeus L, Gilbert B, Rydlewski C, Parma J, Roussie AL, Abramowicz M, Vilain C, Christophe D, Costagliola S, Vassart G 2004 Characterization of a novel loss of function mutation of PAX8 in a familial case of congenital hypothyroidism with in-place, normal-sized thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:4285-4291.
55. Kimura S, Hara Y, Pineau T, Fernandez-Salguero P, Fox CH, Ward JM, Gonzalez FJ 1996 The T/ebp null mouse: Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein is essential for the organogenesis of the thyroid, lung, ventral forebrain, and pituitary. Genes Dev 10:60-69.
56. Iwatani N, Mabe H, Devriendt K, Kodama M, Miike T 2000 Deletion of NKX2.1 gene encoding thyroid transcription factor-1 in two siblings with hypothyroidism and respiratory failure. J Pediatr 137:272-276.
57. Clifton-Bligh RJ, Wentworth JM, Heinz P, Crisp MS, John R, Lazarus JH, Ludgate M, Chalterjee VK 1998 Mutation of the gene encoding human TTF-2 associated with thyroid agenesis, cleft palate and choanal atresia. Nat Genet 19:399-401.
58. Marians RC, Ng L, Blair HC, Unger P, Graves PN, Davies TF 2002 Defining thyrotropin-dependent and -independent steps of thyroid hormone synthesis by using thyrotropin receptor-null mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:15776-15781.
59. Abramowicz MJ, Duprez L, Parma J, Vassart G, Heinrichs C 1997 Familial congenital hypothyroidism due to inactivating mutation of the thyrotropin receptor causing profound hypoplasia of the thyroid gland. J Clin Invest 99:3018-3024.
60. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) website. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: 80/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=Search &DB=omim (Last accessed April 10, 2005).
61. Brown RS, Demmer LA, 2002 The etiology of thyroid dysgenesis-still an enigma after all these years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:4069-4071.
62. Perry R, Heinrichs C, Bourdoux P, Khoury K, Szots F, Dussault JH, Vassart G, Van Vliet G 2002 Discordance of monoxygotic twins for thyroid dysgenesis: Implications for screening and for molecular pathophysiology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:4072-4077.
63. Leger J, Marinovic D, Gavel C, Bonaiti-Pelli C, Polak M, Czernichow P 2002 Thyroid developmental anomalies in first degree relatives of children with congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:575-580.
64. Ioannides AS, Henderson DJ, Spitz L, Copp AJ 2003 Role of Sonic hedgehog in the development of the trachea and oesophagus. J Pediatr Surg 38:29-36; discussion 29-36.
65. Li Y, Sonic hedgehog signaling regulates Gli3 processing, mesenchymal proliferation, and differentiation during mouse lung organogenesis. Dev Biol, 270:214-231.
66. Zhang Z, Zhang H, Choi SC, Litingtung Y, Chiang C 2004 Rescue of cleft palate in Msx 1-deficient mice by transgenic Bmp4 reveals a network of BMP and Shh signaling in the regulation of mammalian palatogenesis. Development 129:4135-4146.
67. Koch CA, Raschka C, Hannak D 2000 Ectopic lingual thyroid: An otolaryngologic emergency beyond childhood. Thyroid 10:511-514.
68. Abdallah-Matta MP, Dubarry PH, Pessey JJ, Caron P 2002 Lingual thyroid and hyperthyroidism: A new case and review of the literature. J Endocrinol Invest 25:264-267.
69. el-Desouki M, al-Jurayyan N, al-Nuaim A, al-Herbish A, Abo-Baker A, al-Mazrou Y, al-Swailen A 1995 Thyroid scintigraphy and perchlorate discharge test in the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. Eur J Nucl Med 22:1005-1008.
70. Pritchyk KM, Thompson LD, Malekzadeh S 2004 Endoscopic management of intratracheal ectopic thyroid. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130:630-2.
71. Kebebew E, Clark OH 2003 Locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. Surg Oncol 12:91-99.
72. Massine RE, Durning SJ, Koroscil TM 2001 Lingual thyroid carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Thyroid 11:1191-1196.
73. Danner C, Bodenner D, Breau R 2001 Lingual thyroid: Iodine 131: a viable treatment modality revisited. Am J Otolaryngol 22:276-281.
74. Basaria S, Westra WH, Cooper DS 2001 Ectopic lingual thyroid masquerading as thyroid cancer metastases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:392-395.