메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 1043-1062

Late-glacial and Holocene palaeovegetation zonal reconstruction for central and north-central North America

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Grassland; Holocene; Hypsithermal; Late Quaternary; North America; Palaeoecology; Pollen; Vegetation

Indexed keywords

DISJUNCT DISTRIBUTION; ECOLOGICAL ZONATION; HOLOCENE; LATE GLACIAL; PALEOECOLOGY; PALYNOLOGY; PHYTOGEOGRAPHY; VEGETATION HISTORY;

EID: 20044365067     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01223.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (49)

References (104)
  • 2
    • 0028160993 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation history of northcentral Alaska: A mapped summary of late-Quaternary pollen data
    • Anderson, P.M. & Brubaker, L.B. (1994) Vegetation history of northcentral Alaska: a mapped summary of late-Quaternary pollen data. Quaternary Science Reviews, 13, 71-92.
    • (1994) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.13 , pp. 71-92
    • Anderson, P.M.1    Brubaker, L.B.2
  • 4
    • 0000828596 scopus 로고
    • Holocene climatic trends in Canada with special reference to the Hypsithermal interval
    • ed. by R.J. Fulton, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa
    • Anderson, T.W., Mathewes, R.W. & Schweger, C.E. (1989b) Holocene climatic trends in Canada with special reference to the Hypsithermal interval. Quaternary geology of Canada and Greenland, the geology of North America, Vol. K-1 (ed. by R.J. Fulton), pp. 520-528. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.
    • (1989) Quaternary Geology of Canada and Greenland, the Geology of North America , vol.K-1 , pp. 520-528
    • Anderson, T.W.1    Mathewes, R.W.2    Schweger, C.E.3
  • 5
    • 0019675133 scopus 로고
    • Modern pollen deposition and Holocene palaeotemperature reconstructions, central northern Canada
    • Andrews, J.T. & Nichols, H. (1981) Modern pollen deposition and Holocene palaeotemperature reconstructions, central northern Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research, 13, 387-408.
    • (1981) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.13 , pp. 387-408
    • Andrews, J.T.1    Nichols, H.2
  • 6
    • 0024889384 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial vegetation and climate in the northwestern Great Plains of Montana
    • Barnosky, C.W. (1989) Postglacial vegetation and climate in the northwestern Great Plains of Montana. Quaternary Research, 31, 57-73.
    • (1989) Quaternary Research , vol.31 , pp. 57-73
    • Barnosky, C.W.1
  • 8
    • 0030425513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary landscape history and archaeology in the 'ice-free corridor': Some recent results from Alberta
    • Beaudoin, A.B., Wright, M. & Ronaghan, B. (1996) Late Quaternary landscape history and archaeology in the 'ice-free corridor': some recent results from Alberta. Quaternary International, 32, 113-126.
    • (1996) Quaternary International , vol.32 , pp. 113-126
    • Beaudoin, A.B.1    Wright, M.2    Ronaghan, B.3
  • 9
    • 0002773303 scopus 로고
    • Changing patterns in the Holocene pollen record of northeastern North America: A mapped survey
    • Bernabo, J.C. & Webb, T. III (1977) Changing patterns in the Holocene pollen record of northeastern North America: a mapped survey. Quaternary Science Reviews, 8, 64-96.
    • (1977) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.8 , pp. 64-96
    • Bernabo, J.C.1    Webb III, T.2
  • 10
    • 0017203202 scopus 로고
    • Late-Wisconsinan vegetational history of Wolf Creek, central Minnesota
    • Birks, H.J.B. (1976) Late-Wisconsinan vegetational history of Wolf Creek, central Minnesota. Ecological Monographs, 46, 395-429.
    • (1976) Ecological Monographs , vol.46 , pp. 395-429
    • Birks, H.J.B.1
  • 11
  • 12
    • 3042557838 scopus 로고
    • A botanical survey of the Cypress Hills
    • Breitung, A.J. (1954) A botanical survey of the Cypress Hills. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 68, 55-92.
    • (1954) Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.68 , pp. 55-92
    • Breitung, A.J.1
  • 15
    • 0001274188 scopus 로고
    • A reconsideration of grassland classification in the northern Great Plains of North America
    • Coupland, R.T. (1961) A reconsideration of grassland classification in the northern Great Plains of North America. Journal of Ecology, 49, 135-167.
    • (1961) Journal of Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 135-167
    • Coupland, R.T.1
  • 16
    • 0022208688 scopus 로고
    • The late Quaternary history of lodgepole and jack pines
    • Critchfield, W.B. (1985) The late Quaternary history of lodgepole and jack pines. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 15, 749-772.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.15 , pp. 749-772
    • Critchfield, W.B.1
  • 17
    • 0001007023 scopus 로고
    • Redeposited pollen in late-Wisconsin pollen spectra from east-central Minnesota
    • Cushing, E.J. (1964) Redeposited pollen in late-Wisconsin pollen spectra from east-central Minnesota. American Journal of Science, 262, 1075-1088.
    • (1964) American Journal of Science , vol.262 , pp. 1075-1088
    • Cushing, E.J.1
  • 18
    • 0002631520 scopus 로고
    • A late-Quaternary vegetation history from Hanging Lake, northern Yukon
    • Cwynar, L.C. (1982) A late-Quaternary vegetation history from Hanging Lake, northern Yukon. Ecological Monographs, 52, 1-24.
    • (1982) Ecological Monographs , vol.52 , pp. 1-24
    • Cwynar, L.C.1
  • 19
    • 0026054223 scopus 로고
    • Reversion of forest to tundra in the central Yukon
    • Cwynar, L.C. & Spear, R.W. (1991) Reversion of forest to tundra in the central Yukon. Ecology, 72, 202-212.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 202-212
    • Cwynar, L.C.1    Spear, R.W.2
  • 20
    • 0022243276 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary palynology and vegetational history of the southeastern United States
    • ed. by V.M. Jr. Bryant and R.G. Holloway, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas
    • Delcourt, H.R. & Delcourt, P.A. (1985) Quaternary palynology and vegetational history of the southeastern United States. Pollen records of late-Quaternary North American sediments (ed. by V.M. Jr. Bryant and R.G. Holloway), pp. 1-37. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas.
    • (1985) Pollen Records of Late-Quaternary North American Sediments , pp. 1-37
    • Delcourt, H.R.1    Delcourt, P.A.2
  • 21
    • 0001016986 scopus 로고
    • Paleoclimates, paleovegetation, and paleofloras during the late Quaternary
    • ed. by Flora of North America Editorial Committee, Oxford University Press, New York
    • Delcourt, P.A. & Delcourt, H.R. (1993) Paleoclimates, paleovegetation, and paleofloras during the late Quaternary. Flora of North America, north of Mexico, Vol. 1 (ed. by Flora of North America Editorial Committee), pp. 71-94. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • (1993) Flora of North America, North of Mexico , vol.1 , pp. 71-94
    • Delcourt, P.A.1    Delcourt, H.R.2
  • 23
    • 0003935328 scopus 로고
    • (ed. by S.C. Zoltai and W. Strong), Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa. Ecological Land Classification Series 23
    • Ecoregions Working Group (1989) Ecoclimatic regions of Canada (ed. by S.C. Zoltai and W. Strong), Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa. Ecological Land Classification Series 23.
    • (1989) Ecoclimatic Regions of Canada
  • 25
    • 0030364315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Pleistocene and Holocene seasonal temperatures reconstructed from fossil beetle assemblages in the Rocky Mountains
    • Elias, S.A. (1996) Late Pleistocene and Holocene seasonal temperatures reconstructed from fossil beetle assemblages in the Rocky Mountains. Quaternary Research, 46, 311-318.
    • (1996) Quaternary Research , vol.46 , pp. 311-318
    • Elias, S.A.1
  • 26
    • 0028869255 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of the Wind River Range, Wyoming
    • Fall, P.L., Davis, P.T. & Zielinski, G.A. (1995) Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Quaternary Research, 43, 393-404.
    • (1995) Quaternary Research , vol.43 , pp. 393-404
    • Fall, P.L.1    Davis, P.T.2    Zielinski, G.A.3
  • 27
  • 28
    • 0022193471 scopus 로고
    • Late-Quaternary pollen stratigraphy and isochrone maps for the northeastern United States
    • ed. by V.M. Bryant Jr. and R.G. Holloway, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas
    • Gaudreau, D.C. & Webb, T. III (1985) Late-Quaternary pollen stratigraphy and isochrone maps for the northeastern United States. Pollen records of the late-Quaternary North American sediments (ed. by V.M. Bryant Jr. and R.G. Holloway), pp. 247-280. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas.
    • (1985) Pollen Records of the Late-Quaternary North American Sediments , pp. 247-280
    • Gaudreau, D.C.1    Webb III, T.2
  • 29
    • 0031402926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages for the Mazama tephra from Kootney National Park, British Columbia, Canada
    • Hallett, D.J., Hills, L.V. & Clague, J.S. (1997) New accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages for the Mazama tephra from Kootney National Park, British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 34, 1202-1209.
    • (1997) Canadian Journal of Earth Science , vol.34 , pp. 1202-1209
    • Hallett, D.J.1    Hills, L.V.2    Clague, J.S.3
  • 31
    • 0002812798 scopus 로고
    • Holocene pollen stratigraphy from a lake and small hollow in north-central Wisconsin, USA
    • Heide, K. (1984) Holocene pollen stratigraphy from a lake and small hollow in north-central Wisconsin, USA. Palynology, 8, 3-29.
    • (1984) Palynology , vol.8 , pp. 3-29
    • Heide, K.1
  • 32
    • 0030176738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental history of a presently deep freshwater lake in east-central Alberta, Canada and palaeoclimate implications
    • Hickman, M. & Schweger, C.E. (1996) The late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental history of a presently deep freshwater lake in east-central Alberta, Canada and palaeoclimate implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimate, Palaeoecology, 123, 161-178.
    • (1996) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimate, Palaeoecology , vol.123 , pp. 161-178
    • Hickman, M.1    Schweger, C.E.2
  • 33
    • 0019366518 scopus 로고
    • Dated wood from Alaska and the Yukon: Implications for forest refugia in Beringia
    • Hopkins, D.M., Smith, P.A. & Mathews Jr., J.V. (1981) Dated wood from Alaska and the Yukon: implications for forest refugia in Beringia. Quaternary Research, 15, 217-249.
    • (1981) Quaternary Research , vol.15 , pp. 217-249
    • Hopkins, D.M.1    Smith, P.A.2    Mathews Jr., J.V.3
  • 35
    • 0038610460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (ed. by R.T. Watson and The Core Writing Team), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • IPCC (2001) Climate change 2001: synthesis report (ed. by R.T. Watson and The Core Writing Team), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2001) Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report
  • 37
    • 0001497013 scopus 로고
    • Patterns and rates of vegetation change during the deglaciation of eastern North America
    • ed. by W.F. Ruddiman and H.E. Wright Jr., Geological Survey of America, Boulder
    • Jacobson, G.L. Jr., Webb, T. III & Grimm, E.C. (1987) Patterns and rates of vegetation change during the deglaciation of eastern North America. North America and adjacent oceans during the last deglaciation: the geology of North America, Vol. K-3 (ed. by W.F. Ruddiman and H.E. Wright Jr.), pp. 277-288. Geological Survey of America, Boulder.
    • (1987) North America and Adjacent Oceans during the Last Deglaciation: The Geology of North America , vol.K-3 , pp. 277-288
    • Jacobson Jr., G.L.1    Webb III, T.2    Grimm, E.C.3
  • 39
    • 0028564408 scopus 로고
    • Late Wisconsinan and Holocene history of southwestern Saskatchewan
    • Klassen, R.W. (1994) Late Wisconsinan and Holocene history of southwestern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 31, 1822-1837.
    • (1994) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.31 , pp. 1822-1837
    • Klassen, R.W.1
  • 43
    • 0011434202 scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon-dated organic sediment near Herbert, Saskatchewan
    • Kupsch, W.O. (1960) Radiocarbon-dated organic sediment near Herbert, Saskatchewan. American Journal of Science, 258, 282-292.
    • (1960) American Journal of Science , vol.258 , pp. 282-292
    • Kupsch, W.O.1
  • 44
    • 0001305919 scopus 로고
    • The pollen stratigraphy of a dated section of late Pleistocene lake sediment from central Alberta
    • Lichti-Federovich, S. (1970) The pollen stratigraphy of a dated section of late Pleistocene lake sediment from central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 7, 938-945.
    • (1970) Canadian Journal of Earth Science , vol.7 , pp. 938-945
    • Lichti-Federovich, S.1
  • 45
    • 0345661283 scopus 로고
    • Contemporary pollen spectra in central Canada: II: The forest-grassland transition in Manitoba
    • Lichti-Federovich, S. & Ritchie, J.C. (1965) Contemporary pollen spectra in central Canada: II: the forest-grassland transition in Manitoba. Pollen et Spores, 7, 63-87.
    • (1965) Pollen et Spores , vol.7 , pp. 63-87
    • Lichti-Federovich, S.1    Ritchie, J.C.2
  • 46
    • 0003043392 scopus 로고
    • Pinus conforta Doug. ex Loud
    • ed. by R.M. Burns and B.H. Honkala, United States Forest Service, Washington, DC. Handbook 654
    • Lotan, J.E. & Critchfield, W.B., 1990. Pinus conforta Doug. ex Loud. Silvics of North America, Vol. 1: conifers (ed. by R.M. Burns and B.H. Honkala), pp. 302-315. United States Forest Service, Washington, DC. Handbook 654.
    • (1990) Silvics of North America, Vol. 1: Conifers , vol.1 , pp. 302-315
    • Lotan, J.E.1    Critchfield, W.B.2
  • 47
    • 1542761836 scopus 로고
    • The postglacial development of the flora of Manitoba: A discussion
    • Löve, D. (1959) The postglacial development of the flora of Manitoba: a discussion. Canadian Journal of Botany, 37, 547-585.
    • (1959) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.37 , pp. 547-585
    • Löve, D.1
  • 48
    • 0020043621 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments of the Morley Flats and Kananaskis Valley of southwestern Alberta
    • MacDonald, G.M. (1982) Late Quaternary palaeoenvironments of the Morley Flats and Kananaskis Valley of southwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19, 23-35.
    • (1982) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.19 , pp. 23-35
    • MacDonald, G.M.1
  • 49
    • 0023513440 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial vegetation history of the MacKenzie River basin
    • MacDonald, G.M. (1987) Postglacial vegetation history of the MacKenzie River basin. Quaternary Research, 28, 245-262.
    • (1987) Quaternary Research , vol.28 , pp. 245-262
    • MacDonald, G.M.1
  • 50
    • 0024939486 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial palaeoecology of the subalpine forest-grassland ecotone of southwestern Alberta: New insights on vegetation and climatic change in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and adjacent foothills
    • MacDonald, G.M. (1989) Postglacial palaeoecology of the subalpine forest-grassland ecotone of southwestern Alberta: new insights on vegetation and climatic change in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and adjacent foothills. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 73, 155-173.
    • (1989) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.73 , pp. 155-173
    • MacDonald, G.M.1
  • 51
    • 0022166415 scopus 로고
    • A fossil pollen based reconstruction of the late Quaternary history of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) in the western interior of Canada
    • MacDonald, G.M. & Cwynar, L.C. (1985) A fossil pollen based reconstruction of the late Quaternary history of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) in the western interior of Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 15, 1039-1044.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.15 , pp. 1039-1044
    • MacDonald, G.M.1    Cwynar, L.C.2
  • 52
    • 0030431475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Holocene closing of the 'ice free' corridor: A biogeographical perspective
    • MacDonald, G.M. & McLeod, T.K. (1996) The Holocene closing of the 'ice free' corridor: a biogeographical perspective. Quaternary International, 32, 87-95.
    • (1996) Quaternary International , vol.32 , pp. 87-95
    • MacDonald, G.M.1    McLeod, T.K.2
  • 53
    • 84879888851 scopus 로고
    • Comparative radiocarbon dating of terrestrial plant macrofossils and aquatic moss from the 'ice-free corridor' of western Canada
    • MacDonald, G.M., Beukens, R.P., Kieser, W.E. & Vitt, D.H. (1987) Comparative radiocarbon dating of terrestrial plant macrofossils and aquatic moss from the 'ice-free corridor' of western Canada. Geology, 15, 837-840.
    • (1987) Geology , vol.15 , pp. 837-840
    • MacDonald, G.M.1    Beukens, R.P.2    Kieser, W.E.3    Vitt, D.H.4
  • 54
    • 0000078494 scopus 로고
    • Absolute pollen diagram of Redrock Lake, Boulder County, Colorado
    • Maher, L.J. Jr. (1972) Absolute pollen diagram of Redrock Lake, Boulder County, Colorado. Quaternary Research, 2, 531-553.
    • (1972) Quaternary Research , vol.2 , pp. 531-553
    • Maher Jr., L.J.1
  • 55
    • 0001664811 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial history of prairie, savanna, and forest in northwestern Minnesota
    • McAndrews, J.H. (1966) Postglacial history of prairie, savanna, and forest in northwestern Minnesota. Torrey Botanical Club Memoirs, 22, 1-72.
    • (1966) Torrey Botanical Club Memoirs , vol.22 , pp. 1-72
    • McAndrews, J.H.1
  • 56
    • 0002206808 scopus 로고
    • Holocene environment of a fossil bison from Kenora, Ontario
    • McAndrews, J.H. (1982) Holocene environment of a fossil bison from Kenora, Ontario. Ontario Archaeology, 37, 41-51.
    • (1982) Ontario Archaeology , vol.37 , pp. 41-51
    • McAndrews, J.H.1
  • 57
    • 0001903286 scopus 로고
    • Modern pollen rain across the Wyoming basins and the northern Great Plains (U.S.A.)
    • McAndrews, J.H. & Wright, H.E. Jr. (1969) Modern pollen rain across the Wyoming basins and the northern Great Plains (U.S.A.). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 9, 17-34.
    • (1969) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.9 , pp. 17-34
    • McAndrews, J.H.1    Wright Jr., H.E.2
  • 58
    • 0031422413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postglacial range expansion and population growth of Picea mariana, Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana in the western interior of Canada
    • McLeod, T.K. & MacDonald, G.M. (1997) Postglacial range expansion and population growth of Picea mariana, Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana in the western interior of Canada. Journal of Biogeography, 24, 865-881.
    • (1997) Journal of Biogeography , vol.24 , pp. 865-881
    • McLeod, T.K.1    MacDonald, G.M.2
  • 61
    • 0001008841 scopus 로고
    • Populus in late-Pleistocene pollen spectra
    • Mott, R.J. (1978) Populus in late-Pleistocene pollen spectra. Canadian Journal of Botany, 56, 1021-1031.
    • (1978) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.56 , pp. 1021-1031
    • Mott, R.J.1
  • 63
    • 0022205024 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra: Dissimilarity coefficients and the method of modern analogs
    • Overpeck, J.T., Webb, T. Jr. & Prentice, I.C. (1985) Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra: dissimilarity coefficients and the method of modern analogs. Quaternary Research, 23, 87-108.
    • (1985) Quaternary Research , vol.23 , pp. 87-108
    • Overpeck, J.T.1    Webb Jr., T.2    Prentice, I.C.3
  • 64
    • 84879889680 scopus 로고
    • Mapping eastern North American vegetation change of the past 18 ka: No-analogs and the future
    • Overpeck, J.T., Webb, R.S. & Webb, T. Jr. (1992) Mapping eastern North American vegetation change of the past 18 ka: no-analogs and the future. Geology, 20, 1071-1074.
    • (1992) Geology , vol.20 , pp. 1071-1074
    • Overpeck, J.T.1    Webb, R.S.2    Webb Jr., T.3
  • 66
    • 0000686896 scopus 로고
    • Late-Quaternary vegetational and climatic history of the Snag-Klutlan area, southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada
    • Rampton, V. (1971) Late-Quaternary vegetational and climatic history of the Snag-Klutlan area, southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 82, 959-978.
    • (1971) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.82 , pp. 959-978
    • Rampton, V.1
  • 67
    • 0036095616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping Holocene pollen data and vegetation of China
    • Ren, G. & Beug, H-J. (2002) Mapping Holocene pollen data and vegetation of China. Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, 1395-1422.
    • (2002) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.21 , pp. 1395-1422
    • Ren, G.1    Beug, H.-J.2
  • 68
    • 0000558776 scopus 로고
    • The late-Quaternary vegetation of the western interior of Canada
    • Ritchie, J.C. (1976) The late-Quaternary vegetation of the western interior of Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany, 54, 1793-1818.
    • (1976) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.54 , pp. 1793-1818
    • Ritchie, J.C.1
  • 69
    • 0020042905 scopus 로고
    • The modern and late-Quaternary vegetation of the Doll Creek area, northern Yukon, Canada
    • Ritchie, J.C. (1982) The modern and late-Quaternary vegetation of the Doll Creek area, northern Yukon, Canada. New Phytologist, 90, 563-603.
    • (1982) New Phytologist , vol.90 , pp. 563-603
    • Ritchie, J.C.1
  • 70
    • 0001081430 scopus 로고
    • Late-Quaternary climatic and vegetational change in the Lower Mackenzie Basin, northwest Canada
    • Ritchie, J.C. (1985) Late-Quaternary climatic and vegetational change in the Lower Mackenzie Basin, northwest Canada. Ecology, 66, 612-621.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 612-621
    • Ritchie, J.C.1
  • 71
    • 0000792652 scopus 로고
    • Late-Quaternary vegetation and climate near the arctic tree line of northwestern North America
    • Ritchie, J.C. & Hare, F.K. (1971) Late-Quaternary vegetation and climate near the arctic tree line of northwestern North America. Quaternary Research, 1, 331-342.
    • (1971) Quaternary Research , vol.1 , pp. 331-342
    • Ritchie, J.C.1    Hare, F.K.2
  • 72
    • 0022841336 scopus 로고
    • The patterns of postglacial spread of white spruce
    • Ritchie, J.C. & MacDonald, G.M. (1986) The patterns of postglacial spread of white spruce. Journal of Biogeography, 13, 527-540.
    • (1986) Journal of Biogeography , vol.13 , pp. 527-540
    • Ritchie, J.C.1    MacDonald, G.M.2
  • 73
    • 0000706698 scopus 로고
    • Contributions to the Holocene palaeoecology of west-central Canada: A late-glacial deposit from the Missouri Coteau
    • Ritchie, J.C. & de Vries, B. (1964) Contributions to the Holocene palaeoecology of west-central Canada: a late-glacial deposit from the Missouri Coteau. Canadian Journal of Botany, 42, 677-692.
    • (1964) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.42 , pp. 677-692
    • Ritchie, J.C.1    De Vries, B.2
  • 74
    • 0020901472 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from north-west Canada for an early Holocene Milankovitch thermal maximum
    • Ritchie, J.C., Cwynar, L.C. & Spear, R.W. (1983) Evidence from north-west Canada for an early Holocene Milankovitch thermal maximum. Nature, 305, 126-128.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.305 , pp. 126-128
    • Ritchie, J.C.1    Cwynar, L.C.2    Spear, R.W.3
  • 75
    • 0039645785 scopus 로고
    • The ecological history of the Great Plains: Evidence from the central Great Plains
    • ed. by W. Dort Jr. and J.K. Jones Jr., University of Kansas, Lawrence. Special Publication 3
    • Ross, H.H. (1970) The ecological history of the Great Plains: evidence from the central Great Plains. Pleistocene and recent environments of the central Great Plains (ed. by W. Dort Jr. and J.K. Jones Jr.), pp. 225-248. University of Kansas, Lawrence. Special Publication 3.
    • (1970) Pleistocene and Recent Environments of the Central Great Plains , pp. 225-248
    • Ross, H.H.1
  • 76
    • 0006032184 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of differential pollen grain preservation
    • Sangster, A.G. & Dale, H.M. (1961) A preliminary study of differential pollen grain preservation. Canadian Journal of Botany, 39, 35-43.
    • (1961) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.39 , pp. 35-43
    • Sangster, A.G.1    Dale, H.M.2
  • 78
    • 0022901146 scopus 로고
    • Pollen, vegetation, and climate relationships along the Dalton highway, Alaska, USA: A basis for Holocene paleoecological and paleoclimatic studies
    • Short, S.K., Andrews, J.T. & Webber, P.J. (1986) Pollen, vegetation, and climate relationships along the Dalton highway, Alaska, USA: a basis for Holocene paleoecological and paleoclimatic studies. Arctic and Alpine Research, 18, 57-72.
    • (1986) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.18 , pp. 57-72
    • Short, S.K.1    Andrews, J.T.2    Webber, P.J.3
  • 79
    • 0036720498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of a climatic oscillation: Vegetation change in eastern North America during the Younger Dryas chronozone
    • Shuman, B., Webb, T. III, Bartlein, P. & Williams, J.W. (2002) The anatomy of a climatic oscillation: vegetation change in eastern North America during the Younger Dryas chronozone. Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, 1777-1791.
    • (2002) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.21 , pp. 1777-1791
    • Shuman, B.1    Webb III, T.2    Bartlein, P.3    Williams, J.W.4
  • 80
    • 0027332203 scopus 로고
    • The palynological record of late-Quaternary arctic tree-line in northwest Canada
    • Spear, R.W. (1993) The palynological record of late-Quaternary arctic tree-line in northwest Canada. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 79, 99-111.
    • (1993) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.79 , pp. 99-111
    • Spear, R.W.1
  • 82
    • 20044366394 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for Picea pungens in north-central Montana and its significance
    • Strong, W.L (1978) Evidence for Picea pungens in north-central Montana and its significance. Canadian Journal of Botany, 56, 1118-1121.
    • (1978) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.56 , pp. 1118-1121
    • Strong, W.L.1
  • 83
    • 0004103291 scopus 로고
    • Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife, Edmonton, publication T/244
    • Strong, W.L (1992) Ecoregions and ecodistricts of Alberta. Alberta Forestry, Lands and Wildlife, Edmonton, publication T/244.
    • (1992) Ecoregions and Ecodistricts of Alberta
    • Strong, W.L.1
  • 84
    • 0037360316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-Hypsithermal plant disjunctions in western Alberta, Canada
    • Strong, W.L & Hills, L.V. (2003) Post-Hypsithermal plant disjunctions in western Alberta, Canada. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 419-430.
    • (2003) Journal of Biogeography , vol.30 , pp. 419-430
    • Strong, W.L.1    Hills, L.V.2
  • 88
    • 0005695368 scopus 로고
    • Montane and subalpine plants of the Sweetgrass Hills, Montana, and their relation to early postglacial environments of the northern Great Plains
    • Thompson, L.S. & Kuijt, J. (1976) Montane and subalpine plants of the Sweetgrass Hills, Montana, and their relation to early postglacial environments of the northern Great Plains. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 90, 432-448.
    • (1976) Canadian Field-Naturalist , vol.90 , pp. 432-448
    • Thompson, L.S.1    Kuijt, J.2
  • 90
    • 0022835805 scopus 로고
    • Pollen stratigraphy of Eaglenest Lake, northeastern Alberta
    • Vance, R.E. (1986) Pollen stratigraphy of Eaglenest Lake, northeastern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 23, 11-20.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Earth Science , vol.23 , pp. 11-20
    • Vance, R.E.1
  • 92
    • 0000140611 scopus 로고
    • Pollen, seed, and mollusk analysis of a sediment core from Pickeral Lake, northeastern South Dakota
    • Watts, W.A. & Bright, R.C. (1968) Pollen, seed, and mollusk analysis of a sediment core from Pickeral Lake, northeastern South Dakota. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 79, 855-876.
    • (1968) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.79 , pp. 855-876
    • Watts, W.A.1    Bright, R.C.2
  • 93
    • 0003676792 scopus 로고
    • Periglacial features and climatic gradient in Illinois, Indiana, and western Ohio, east-central United States
    • ed. by E.J. Cushing and H.E. Wright Jr., Yale University Press, New Haven, CT
    • Wayne, W.J. (1967) Periglacial features and climatic gradient in Illinois, Indiana, and western Ohio, east-central United States. Quaternary paleoecology (ed. by E.J. Cushing and H.E. Wright Jr.), pp. 393-414. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
    • (1967) Quaternary Paleoecology , pp. 393-414
    • Wayne, W.J.1
  • 94
    • 0031903103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary climate change in eastern North America: A comparison of pollen-derived estimates with climatic model results
    • Webb, T. III, Anderson, K.M., Bartlein, P.J. & Webb, R.S. (1998) Late Quaternary climate change in eastern North America: a comparison of pollen-derived estimates with climatic model results. Quaternary Science Reviews, 17, 587-606.
    • (1998) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.17 , pp. 587-606
    • Webb III, T.1    Anderson, K.M.2    Bartlein, P.J.3    Webb, R.S.4
  • 95
    • 77956739133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatically forced vegetation dynamics in eastern North America during the last Quaternary period
    • ed. by A.R. Gillespie, S.C. Porter and B.F. Atwater, Elsevier, Boston. Developments in Quaternary Science
    • Webb, T., Shuman, B. & Williams, J.W. (2004) Climatically forced vegetation dynamics in eastern North America during the last Quaternary period. The Quaternary Period in the United States (ed. by A.R. Gillespie, S.C. Porter and B.F. Atwater), pp. 459-478. Elsevier, Boston. Developments in Quaternary Science, 1.
    • (2004) The Quaternary Period in the United States , vol.1 , pp. 459-478
    • Webb, T.1    Shuman, B.2    Williams, J.W.3
  • 98
    • 0001368517 scopus 로고
    • Late-Wisconsin vegetational changes in unglaciated eastern North America
    • Whitehead, D.R. (1973) Late-Wisconsin vegetational changes in unglaciated eastern North America. Quaternary Research, 3, 621-631.
    • (1973) Quaternary Research , vol.3 , pp. 621-631
    • Whitehead, D.R.1
  • 100
    • 0037211707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in tree cover in North America since the last glacial maximum
    • Williams, J.W. (2003) Variation in tree cover in North America since the last glacial maximum. Global and Planetary Change, 35, 1-23.
    • (2003) Global and Planetary Change , vol.35 , pp. 1-23
    • Williams, J.W.1
  • 101
    • 0031903104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying plant functional types to construct biome maps from eastern North American pollen data: Comparison with model results
    • Williams, J.W., Summers, R.L. & Webb, T. III (1998) Applying plant functional types to construct biome maps from eastern North American pollen data: comparison with model results. Quaternary Science Reviews, 17, 607-627.
    • (1998) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.17 , pp. 607-627
    • Williams, J.W.1    Summers, R.L.2    Webb III, T.3
  • 103
    • 0000945076 scopus 로고
    • The roles of pine and spruce in the forest history of Minnesota and adjacent areas
    • Wright, H.E. Jr. (1968) The roles of pine and spruce in the forest history of Minnesota and adjacent areas. Ecology, 49, 937-955.
    • (1968) Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 937-955
    • Wright Jr., H.E.1
  • 104
    • 0002674671 scopus 로고
    • Permafrost distribution in peatlands of west-central Canada during the Holocene warm period 6000 years BP
    • Zoltai, S.C. (1995) Permafrost distribution in peatlands of west-central Canada during the Holocene warm period 6000 years BP. Géographie Physique et Quaternary, 49, 45-54.
    • (1995) Géographie Physique et Quaternary , vol.49 , pp. 45-54
    • Zoltai, S.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.