The effect of chlorine on emitter clogging induced by algae and protozoa and the performance of drip irrigation

Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 519-527

  Dehghanisanij, H ^a   Yamamoto, T ^b   Ould Ahmad, B ^b   Fujiyama, H ^c   Miyamoto, K ^d  

^a AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Iran)

^b TOTTORI UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c TOTTORI UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RURAL ENGINEERING   (Japan)

Author keywords

Biological clogging agents; Chlorine injection; Drip irrigation; Drip irrigation performance; Emitter clogging

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; CHLORINE; FILTRATION; PERFORMANCE; PRESSURE EFFECTS; STATISTICAL METHODS; WATER;

ALGAE AND PROTOZOA (AP); BIOLOGICAL CLOGGING AGENTS (BCA); DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM (DIS); FILTRATION AREA (FA); PRESSURE COMPENSATION (PC) SYSTEM;

IRRIGATION;

DISCHARGE; DRIP IRRIGATION;

ALGAE; CHLORINE; FILTRATION; IRRIGATION; ORIFICE FLOW; PLUGGING; PROTOZOA; WATER;

ALGAE; PROTOZOA;

EID: 20044363810     PISSN: 00012351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Adin, A., and M. Sacks. 1991. Dripper clogging factors in wastewater irrigation. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 117(6): 813-826.
2. Adin, A., L. Rubinstein, and A. Zilberman. 1989. Particle characterization in wastewater effluents in relation to filtration and irrigation. Filtration and Separation 26(4): 284-287.
3. ASAE Standards. 2003a. EP405.1: Design and installation of microirrigation systems. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
4. ASAE Standards. 2003b. EP458: Field evaluation of microirrigation systems. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
5. Bralts, V. F. 1986. Field performance and evaluation. In Trickle Irrigation for Crop Production: Design, Operation, and Management, 3.4: 216-240. F. S. Nakayama and D. A. Bucks, eds. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
6. Bralts, V. F., D. M. Edwards, and I. Wu. 1987. Drip irrigation design and evaluation based on the statistical uniformity concept. In Advances in Irrigation 4(2): 67-117. D. Hillel, ed. New York, N.Y.: Academic Press.
7. Bucks, D. A., F. S. Nakayama, and R. G. Gilbert. 1979. Trickle irrigation water quality and prevention maintenance. Agric. Water Manage. 2(2): 149-162.
8. Capra, A., and B. Scicolone. 1998. Water quality and distribution uniformity in drip/trickle irrigation systems. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 70(4): 355-365.
9. Clark, G. A., and A. G. Smajstrla. 1999. Treating irrigation systems with chlorine. Circular No. 1039. Gainesville, Fla.: University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
10. Coelho, R. D., and R. S. Resende. 2001. Biological clogging of Netafim's drippers and recovering process through chlorination impact treatment. ASAE Paper No. 012231. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
11. English, S. D. 1985. Filtration and water treatment for microirrigation: Drip/trickle irrigation in action. In Proc. 3rd Int. Drip/Trickle Irrig. Congress, 50-68. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
12. Feigin, A., I. Ravina, and J., Shalheret. 1991. Irrigation with Treated Sewage. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
13. Ford, H. W. 1978. Bacterial clogging in low-pressure irrigation systems. In Proc. Irrig . Association. Annual Technical Congress, 293-244. Cincinnati, Ohio: Silver Spring.
14. Gilbert, R. G., F. S. Nakayama, and D. A. Bucks. 1979. Trickle irrigation: Prevention of clogging. Trans. ASAE 22(3): 514-519.
15. Hills, D. J., F. J. Nawar, and P. M. Waller. 1989. Effects of chemical clogging on drip-tape irrigation uniformity. Trans. ASAE 32(4): 1202-1206.
16. Hills, D. J., and F. G. El-Ebaby. 1990. Evaluation of microirrigation self-cleaning emitters. Applied Eng. in Agric. 6(4): 441-445.
17. Hills, D. J., and M. Tajrishy. 1995. Treatments requirements of secondary effluent for microirrigation. In Proc. 5th Int. Microirrigation Congress, 884-890. F. R. Lamm, ed. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
18. Hills, D. J., and M. J. Brenes. 2001. Microirrigation of wastewater effluent using drip tape. Applied Eng. in Agric. 17(3): 303-308.
19. Karmeli, D. 1977. Classification and flow regime analysis of drippers. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 22(2): 165-173.
20. Keller, J., and R. D. Bliesner. 1990. Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation. New York, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
21. Miyamoto, K., H. Fujiyama, and T. Yamamoto. 2000. The effect of operational practices of agricultural dam on water quality: Case study of the Nishitakao dam in Tohaku National Irrigation Project. Trans. JSIDRE 68(3): 361-368 (in Japanese).
22. Nakayama, F. S., and D. A. Bucks. 1986. Trickle Irrigation for Crop Production: Design, Operation, and Management, 3.2: 164-187. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
23. Nakayama, F. S., and D. A. Bucks. 1991. Water quality in drip/trickle irrigation: A review. Irrig. Sci. 12(4): 187-192.
24. Rav-Acha, C. H., M. Kummel, I. Salamon, and A. Adin. 1995. The effect of chemical oxidants on effluent constituent for drip irrigation. Water Res. 25(1): 119-129.
25. Ravina, I., E. Paz, A. Sofer, A. Marcu, A. Schischa, and G. Sagi. 1992. Control of emitter clogging in drip irrigation with reclaimed wastewater. Irrig. Sci. 13(3): 129-139.
26. Ravina, I., E. Paz, Z. Sofer, A. Marcu, A. Schischa, G. Sagi, Z. Yechialy, and Y. Lev. 1997. Control of emitter clogging in drip irrigation with stored treated municipal sewage effluent. Agric. Water Manage., 33(2-3): 127-137.
27. Sagi, G., E. Paz, I. Ravina, A. Schischa, A. Marcu, and Z. Yechieli. 1995. Clogging of drip irrigation systems by colonial protozoa and sulfur bacteria. In Proc. 5th Int. Microirrigation Congress, 250-259. F. R. Lamm, ed. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
28. SAS. 2001. SAS Proprietary Software. Ver. 8.2. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute, Inc.
29. Solomon, K. H. 1979. Manufacturing variation of emitters in trickle irrigation systems. Trans. ASAE 22(5): 1034-1038.
30. Tajrishyi, M. A., D. J. Hill, and G. Tchobanoglous. 1994. Pretreatment of secondary effluent for drip irrigation. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 120(4): 716-731.
31. USDA. 1984. Trickle irrigation. In National Engineering Handbook, chapter 5.15. Washington, D.C.: USDA Soil Conservation Service.
32. Wilcox, J. C., and G. E. Swailes. 1947. Uniformity of water distribution by some under-tree orchard sprinklers. Scientific Agric. 27(11): 565-583.
33. Yamamoto, T., H. Fujiyama, K. Miyamoto, J. Hatanaka, and G. Wen. 2000. Optimizing water cleaning system for microirrigation in the Tohaku irrigation project of Japan. In Proc. 4th Decennial Symposium on National Irrigation, 635-640. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.