Do female garter snakes evade males to avoid harassment or to enhance mate quality?

American Naturalist

Volumn 165, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 660-668

  Shine, Richard ^a   Wall, Michael ^a   Langkilde, Tracy ^a   Mason, Robert T ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Dispersal; Mate choice; Mating system; Sexual conflict; Sexual selection

Indexed keywords

FEMALE BEHAVIOR; MATE CHOICE; MATING BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL CONFLICT; SNAKE;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CONFLICT; FEMALE; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SNAKE;

ANIMALS; COLUBRIDAE; CONFLICT (PSYCHOLOGY); FEMALE; MALE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL;

SERPENTES; THAMNOPHIS; THAMNOPHIS SIRTALIS PARIETALIS;

EID: 19944388880     PISSN: 00030147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/429591     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Arnold, S. J., and D. Duvall. 1994. Animal mating systems: a synthesis based on selection theory. American Naturalist 143:317-348.
2. Arnqvist, G., and L. Rowe. 1995. Sexual conflict and arms races between the sexes: a morphological adaptation for control of mating in a female insect. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 261:123-127.
3. _. 2002. Antagonistic coevolution between the sexes in a group of insects. Nature 415:787-789.
4. Arnqvist, G., M. Edvardsson, U. Friberg, and T. Nilsson. 2000. Sexual conflict promotes speciation in insects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 97:10460-10464.
5. Blouin-Demers, G., H. L. Gibbs, and P. J. Weatherhead. 2005. Genetic evidence for sexual selection in black ratsnakes (Elaphe obsoleta). Animal Behaviour 69:225-234.
6. Booth, J., and J. A. Peters. 1972. Behavioural studies on the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in the sea. Animal Behaviour 20:808-812.
7. Chapman, T., G. Arnqvist, J. Bangham, and L. Rowe. 2003a. Response to Eberhard and Cordero, and Córdoba-Aguilar and Contreras-Gardun̄o: sexual conflict and female choice. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18:440-441.
8. _. 2003b. Sexual conflict. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18:41-47.
9. Cooper, M. I., and S. R. Telford. 2000. Copulatory sequences and sexual struggles in millipedes. Journal of Insect Behavior 13:217-230.
10. Cordero, C., and W. G. Eberhard. 2003. Female choice of sexually antagonistic male adaptations: a critical review of some current research. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16:1-6.
11. Córdoba-Aguilar, A., and J. Contreras-Garduño. 2003. Sexual conflict. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18:439-440.
12. Devine, M. C. 1984. Potential for sperm competition in reptiles: behavioral and physiological consequences. Pages 509-521 in R. L. Smith, ed. Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating systems. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
13. East, M. L., T. Burke, K. Wilhelm, C. Greig, and H. Hofer. 2003. Sexual conflicts in spotted hyenas: male and female mating tactics and their reproductive outcome with respect to age, social status and tenure. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270:1247-1254.
14. Eberhard, W. G. 2002. The function of female resistance behavior: intromission by male coercion vs female cooperation in sepsid flies (Diptera: Sepsidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 50:485-505.
15. Eberhard, W. G., and C. Cordero. 2003. Sexual conflict and female choice. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18:438-439.
16. Garner, T. W. J., P. T. Gregory, G. F. McCracken, G. M. Burghardt, B. F. Koop, S. E. McLain, and R. J. Nelson. 2002. Geographic variation of multiple paternity in the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). Copeia 2002:15-23.
17. Gillingham, J. C. 1987. Social behavior. Pages 184-209 in R. A. Seigel, J. T. Collins and S. S. Novak, eds. Snakes: ecology and evolutionary biology. McGraw-Hill, New York.
18. Gregory, P. T. 1974. Patterns of spring emergence of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) in the Interlake region of Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Zoology 52:1063-1069.
19. _. 1977. Life-history parameters of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) in an extreme environment, the Interlake region of Manitoba. National Museum of Canada Publications in Zoology 13:1-44.
20. _. 1982. Reptilian hibernation. Pages 53-154 in C. Gans and F. H. Pough, eds. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 13. Academic Press, London.
21. Gregory, P. T., and K. W. Stewart. 1975. Long-distance dispersal and feeding strategy of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) in the Interlake of Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53:238-245.
22. Halpert, A. P., W. R. Gartska, and D. Crews. 1982. Sperm transport and storage and its relation to the annual sexual cycle of the female red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. Journal of Morphology 174:149-159.
23. LeMaster, M. P., I. T. Moore, and R. T. Mason. 2001. Conspecific trailing behavior of red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, in the natural environment. Animal Behaviour 61:827-833.
24. Luiselli, L. 1993. Are sperm storage and within-season multiple mating important components of the adder reproductive biology? Acta Oecologia 14:705-710.
25. Madsen, T., R. Shine, J. Loman, and T. Håkansson. 1992. Why do female adders copulate so frequently? Nature 335:440-441.
26. Mason, R. T. 1992. Reptilian pheromones. Pages 114-228 in C. Gans and D. Crews, eds. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 18. Hormones, brains, and behavior. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
27. _. 1993. Chemical ecology of the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. Brain Behavior and Evolution 41:261-268.
28. Mason, R. T., and D. Crews. 1985. Female mimicry in garter snakes. Nature 316:59-60.
29. Mason, R. T., J. W. Chinn, and D. Crews. 1987. Sex and seasonal differences in the skin lipids of garter snakes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 87B:999-1003.
30. Mason, R. T., H. M. Fales, T. H. Jones, L. K. Pannell, J. W. Chinn, and D. Crews. 1989. Sex pheromones in snakes. Science 245:290-293.
31. Mason, R. T., T. H. Jones, H. M. Fales, L. K. Pannell, and D. Crews. 1990. Characterization, synthesis, and behavioral responses to sex attractiveness pheromones of red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Journal of Chemical Ecology 16:2353-2369.
32. Moore, A. J., P. A. Gowaty, and P. J. Moore. 2003. Females avoid manipulative males and live longer. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16:523-530.
33. Noble, G. K. 1937. The sense organs involved in the courtship of Storeria, Thamnophis, and other snakes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 73:673-725.
34. O'Donnell, R., R. Shine, and R. T. Mason. 2004. Seasonal anorexia in the male red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 56:413-419.
35. Olsson, M., R. Shine, A. Gullberg, T. Madsen, and H. Tegelstrom. 1996. Female lizards control paternity of their offspring by selective use of sperm. Nature 383:585.
36. Partridge, L., and L. D. Hurst. 1998. Sex and conflict. Science 281:2003-2008.
37. Pilastro, A., S. Benetton, and A. Bisazza. 2003. Female aggregation and male competition reduce costs of sexual harassment in the mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki. Animal Behaviour 65:1161-1167.
38. Rossman, D. A., N. B. Ford, and R. A. Seigel. 1996. The garter snakes: evolution and ecology. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
39. Shine, R., M. M. Olsson, and R. T. Mason. 2000a. Chastity belts in gartersnakes: the functional significance of mating plugs. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 70:377-390.
40. Shine, R., D. O'Connor, and R. T. Mason. 2000b. Female mimicry in gartersnakes: behavioural tactics of "she-males" and the males that court them. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:1391-1396.
41. _. 2000c. The problem with courting a cylindrical object: how does an amorous male snake determine which end is which? Behaviour 137:727-739.
42. _. 2000d. Sexual conflict in the snake den. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 48:392-401.
43. Shine, R., P. S. Harlow, M. P. LeMaster, I. Moore, and R. T. Mason. 2000e. The transvestite serpent: why do male gartersnakes court (some) other males? Animal Behaviour 59:349-359.
44. Shine, R., M. P. LeMaster, I. T. Moore, M. M. Olsson, and R. T. Mason. 2001a. Bumpus in the snake den: effects of sex, size, and body condition on mortality of red-sided garter snakes. Evolution 55:598-604.
45. Shine, R., M. J. Elphick, P. S. Harlow, I. T. Moore, M. P. LeMaster, and R. T. Mason. 2001b. Movements, mating and dispersal of red-sided gartersnakes from a communal den in Manitoba. Copeia 2001:82-91.
46. Shine, R., T. Langkilde, and R. T. Mason. 2003a. Cryptic forcible insemination: male snakes exploit female physiology, anatomy, and behavior to obtain coercive matings. American Naturalist 162:653-667.
47. _. 2003b. The opportunistic serpent: male garter snakes adjust courtship tactics to mating opportunities. Behaviour 140:1509-1526.
48. Shine, R., B. Phillips, T. Langkilde, D. Lutterschmidt, H. Waye, and R. T. Mason. 2004. Mechanisms and consequences of sexual conflict in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis, Colubridae). Behavioral Ecology 15:654-660.
49. Shine, R., T. Langkilde, and R. T. Mason. 2005. Alternate male mating tactics in garter snakes. Animal Behaviour (forthcoming).