Comparisons and contrasts between the foraging behaviors of two white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) populations, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, and Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A.

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 171-176

  Clarke, Jennifer A ^a   Johnson, Richard E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR;

CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; ROCKY MOUNTAINS; SIERRA NEVADA [CALIFORNIA]; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

CAREX JONESII; LAGOPUS LEUCURUS; PHASIANIDAE; SALIX; SALIX PHLEBOPHYLLA;

EID: 19944385920     PISSN: 15230430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0171:CACBTF]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Batzli, G. O., White, R. G., Maclean, S. F., Jr., Pitelka, F. A., and Collier, D. B., 1980: The herbivore-based trophic system. In Brown, J., Miller, P. C., Tieszen, L. L., and. Bunnell, F. L. (eds.), An Arctic Ecosystem: the Coastal Tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Stroudsburg, Penn.: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, 335-410.
2. Belovsky, G. E., 1978: Diet optimization in a generalist herbivore: the moose. Theorectical Population Biology, 14: 195-134.
3. Belovsky, G. E., 1990: How important are nutrient constraints in optimal foraging models or are spatial/temporal effects more important? In Hughes, R. N. (ed.), Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 255-278.
4. Billings, W. D., 1974: Adaptations and origins of alpine plants. Arctic and Alpine Research, 6: 129-142.
5. Billings, W. D., 1978: Alpine phytogeography across the Great Basin. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 2: 105-117.
6. Braun, C. E., Martin, K., and Robb, L. A., 1993: White-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus). In Poole, A. and Gill, F. (eds.), The Birds of North America, No. 68. Philadelphia.: The Academy of Natural Sciences. 22 pp.
7. Braun-Blanquet, J., 1932: Plant Sociology: The Study of Plant Communities. (Translated and edited by G. D. Fuller and H. S. Conard, 1965), New York: Hafner. 439 pp.
8. Bryant, J. P. and Kuropat, P. J., 1980: Selection of winter forage by subarctic browsing vertebrates: the role of plant chemistry. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 11: 261-285.
9. Chabot, B. F. and Billings, W. D., 1972: Origins and ecology of the Sierran alpine flora and vegetation. Ecological Monographs, 42: 163-199.
10. Chesson, J., 1978: Measuring preference in selective predation. Ecology, 59: 211-215.
11. Clark, D. A., 1982: Foraging behavior of a vertebrate omnivore (Rattus rattus): Meal structure, sampling, and diet breadth. Ecology, 63: 763-772.
12. Clarke, J. A. and Johnson, R. E., 1990: Biogeography of white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus): implications from an introduced population in the Sierra Nevada. Journal of Biogeography, 17: 649-656.
13. Clarke, J. A. and Johnson, R. E., 1992: The influence of spring snow depth on White-tailed Ptarmigan breeding success in the Sierra Nevada. Condor, 94: 622-627.
14. Crawley, M. J., 1983: Herbivory. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 437 pp.
15. Dearing, D. M., 1997: The manipulation of plant toxins by a food-hoarding herbivore, Ochotona princeps. Ecology, 78: 774-781.
16. Freeland, W. J. and Janzen, D. H., 1974: Strategies in herbivory by mammals: The role of plant secondary compounds. American Naturalist, 108: 269-289.
17. Gardarsson, A. and Moss, R., 1970: Selection of food by Icelandic ptarmigan in relation to its availability and nutritive value. In Watson, A. (ed.), Animal Populations in Relation to Their Food Resources. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 47-70.
18. Ivlev, V. S., 1961: Experimental Ecology of the Feeding of Fishes. (Translated from Russian by D. Scott) New Haven, Yale University Press. 302 pp.
19. Karasov, W. H., 1985: Nutrient constraints in the feeding ecology of an omnivore in a seasonal environment. Oecologia, 66: 280-290.
20. Kitting, C. L., 1980: Herbivore-plant interactions of individual limpets maintaining a mixed diet of intertidal marine algae. Ecological Monographs, 50: 527-550.
21. Klopfer, P. H. and Macarthur, R. H., 1960: Niche size and faunal diversity. American Naturalist, 94: 293-300.
22. Komers, P. E., 1997: Behavioural plasticity in variable environments. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 75: 161-169.
23. May, T. A., 1975. Physiological ecology of white-tailed ptarmigan in Colorado. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado. 311 pp.
24. May, T. A. and Braun, C. E., 1972: Seasonal food of adult white-tailed ptarmigan inColorado. Journal of Wildlife Management, 36: 1180-1186.
25. Merrill, A. L. and Watt, B. K., 1955: Energy value of foods, basis and derivation. Agricultural Handbook 74. Human Nutrition Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 105 pp.
26. Milton, K., 1979: Factors influencing leaf choice by howler monkeys: a test of some hypotheses of food selection by generalist herbivores. American Naturalist, 114: 362-378.
27. Morse, D. H., 1980: Behavioral Mechanisms in Ecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 383 pp.
28. Moss, R., 1967: Probable limiting nutrients in the main food of Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus). Ekologia Polska, 29: 369-379.
29. Moss, R., 1968: Food selection and nutrition in ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus). Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 21: 207-216.
30. Oates, J. T., Waterman, P. G., and Choo, G. M., 1980: Food selection by the south Indian leaf-monkey, Prebytis johnii, in relation to leaf chemistry. Oecologia, 45: 45-46.
31. Patrick, H. P. and Schaible, P. J., 1980: Poultry: Feeds and Nutrition. 2nd ed. Westport, Conn.: AVI Publications. 668 pp.
32. Pendergast, B. A. and Boag, D. A., 1971: Nutritional aspects of the diet of spruce grouse. Condor, 73: 437-443.
33. Perry, T. W., 1984: Animal Life-Cycle Feeding and Nutrition. London: Academic Press. 319 pp.
34. Pulliainen, E., 1970: Metson talviravinnon valinnasta ja koostumukseta. Suomem Riista, 22: 67-73.
35. Pulliam, H. R., 1975: Diet optimization with nutrient constraints. American Naturalist, 109: 765-768.
36. Robbins, C. T., 1983: Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition. New York: Academic Press. 343 pp.
37. SAS Institute Inc., 1988: SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 6.03. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
38. Siegel, S. and Castellan, N. J., 1988: Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 399 pp.
39. Sharsmith, C. W., 1940: A contribution to the history of the alpine flora of the Sierra Nevada. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. 273 pp.
40. Sinclair, A. R. E. and Smith, J. N. M., 1984: Do plant secondary compounds determine feeding preferences of snowshoe hares? Oecologia, 61: 403-410.
41. Smiley, F. J., 1921: A report upon the boreal flora of the Sierra Nevada of California. University of California Publications in Botany, 9: 1-423.
42. Spidsø, T. K., 1980: Food selection by Willow Grouse Lagopus lagopus chicks in northern Norway. Ornis Scandivanica, 11: 99-105.
43. Weber, W. A. and Wittmann, R. C., 1992: Catalog of the Colorado Flora. University Press of Colorado. Niwot, Colorado. 215 pp.
44. Weeden, N. F., 1981: A Sierra Nevada Flora. Berkeley, Calif.: Wilderness Press. 406 pp.
45. West-Eberhard, M. J., 1989: Phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20: 249-278.
46. Westoby, M., 1974: An analysis of diet selection by large generalist herbivores. American Naturalist, 108: 290-304.
47. Westoby, M., 1978: What are the biological bases of varied diets? American Naturalist, 112: 627-631.