Media convergence's third wave: Content streaming

Convergence

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 8-18

  Murray, Simone ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 19944368182     PISSN: 13548565     EISSN: 17487382     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/135485650300900102     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Michael J. Wolf, The Entertainment Economy: How Mega-media Forces are Transforming Our Lives (London: Penguin, 2000), p. 92
2. Stuart Cunningham and Graeme Turner (eds), The Media and Communications in Australia (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2002), p. 4
3. Ben H. Bagdikian, 'Conglomeration, Concentration, and the Media,' Journal of Communication, 30, no. 2 (1980), pp. 59-64
4. Bagdikian, 'Cornering Hearts and Minds: The Lords of the Global Village,' Nation 12 June 1989, pp. 805-08, 810-12, 814-16, 818-20
5. Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, 6th edition (Boston: Beacon Press, 2000)
6. Susan Douglas and T.R. Durham, 'Mergers, Word for Word,' Media Studies Journal, 10, nos. 2-3 (1996), p. 75
7. John McManus, 'Synergy's Screen Tester,' Brandweek, 3 March 1997, pp. 26-30
8. Simon Dumenco, 'The Year of Anti-Synergy,' Folio, January 2002, p. 92
9. This article uses the plural term 'mediums' when referring to multiple content delivery systems in order to differentiate such usage from the more generalised term for the communications industries as a whole, namely the 'media'
10. Anthony Smith, The Age of Behemoths: The Globalization of Mass Media Firms (New York: Priority Press, 1991), p. 15
11. Elizabeth Lesly Stevens and Ronald Grover, 'The Entertainment Glut,' Business Week, 16 February 1998, p. 49
12. Thomas Schatz, 'The Return of the Hollywood Studio System', in Conglomerates and the Media, ed. Erik Barnouw et al (New York: New Press, 1997), pp. 73-74
13. Wolf, p. 228
14. Carol Matlack et al, 'Going Hollywood,' Business Week, 3 July 2000, p. 28
15. As at Messier's 2 July 2002 resignation as CEO, Vivendi-Universal was Euro 19 billion in debt. 'Maître Dethroned,' Economist, 6 Jul. 2002, p.66
16. Carol Matlack, 'How Vivendi Should Clean Up Messier's Mess,' Business Week, 8 July 2002, p. 50
17. Rupert Murdoch, 'News Corporation Around the World: Chief Executive's Review', in News Corporation Annual Report 1999 (Sydney: News Corporation, 1999), p. 6
18. Benjamin M. Compaine and Douglas Gomery, Who Owns the Media?: Competition and Concentration in the Mass Media Industry, 3rd edition (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000), p. 542
19. Graham Murdock and Peter Golding, 'Capitalism, Communication and Class Relations', in Mass Communication and Society, eds. James Curran, Michael Gurevitch and Janet Woollacott (London: Arnold, 1977), pp. 12-43
20. Bagdikian, 'Conglomeration', pp. 60-61
21. Bagdikian, Media, p. 4
22. Vincent Mosco, 'Introduction: Information in the Pay-per Society', in The Political Economy of Information, eds. Vincent Mosco and Janet Wasko (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin P, 1988), p. 8
23. Vincent Mosco, The Political Economy of Communication: Rethinking and Renewal, Media, Culture & Society series (London: Sage, 1996), pp. 145; 177-78
24. Smith, pp. 26; 58-59
25. Eileen R. Meehan, '"Holy Commodity Fetish, Batman!": The Political Economy of a Commercial Intertext', in The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and his Media, eds. Roberta E. Pearson and William Uricchio (New York and London: Routledge and BFI Publishing, 1991), pp. 56; 64-65
26. Joseph Turow, 'The Organizational Underpinnings of Contemporary Media Conglomerates,' Communication Research, 19, no. 6 (1992), p. 688
27. Joseph Turow, Media Systems in Society: Understanding Industries, Strategies, and Power, 2nd edition (White Plains, NY: Longman, 1997), p. 270
28. Janet Wasko, Hollywood in the Information Age: Beyond the Silver Screen (Cambridge, UK: Polity, 1994), p. 4
29. Edward S. Herman and Robert W. McChesney, The Global Media: The New Missionaries of Corporate Capitalism (London: Cassell, 1997), pp. 54; 62; 143
30. Schatz, pp. 73-74
31. Dean Alger, Megamedia: How Giant Corporations Dominate Mass Media, Distort Competition, and Endanger Democracy (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), p. 147
32. Dan Schiller, Digital Capitalism: Networking the Global Market System (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999), p. 99
33. David Croteau and William Hoynes, The Business of Media: Corporate Media and the Public Interest (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2001), pp. 116-19
34. also Wolf, pp. 168, 225, 228
35. Meehan, 'Batman,'; Eileen R. Meehan, Vincent Mosco, and Janet Wasko, 'Rethinking Political Economy: Change and Continuity,' Journal of Communication, 43, no. 4 (1993), pp. 105-16
36. Meehan, 'Batman,' pp. 51-52
37. Meehan, Mosco and Wasko, 'Rethinking,' pp. 111-12
38. Cf Paul Levinson, Digital McLuhan: A Guide to the Information Millennium (London and New York: Routledge, 2001), p. 13. Levinson argues that 'older media become the high profile content of newer media, as novels in motion pictures, motion pictures in TV, and almost all prior media on the Internet'. This seems a restrictively linear framework to impose upon a media content system more accurately characterised by chaotic multidirectionality
39. 'A Brand New Strategy,' The Economist, 21 November 1998, Technology and Entertainment supplement, p. 5
40. Peter Martin, 'Rowling Stock,' Weekend Australian, 24-25 November 2001, Review, pp. 4-5
41. John Horn and Malcolm Jones, 'The Bubble with Harry,' The Bulletin [Aust.], 13 November 2001, pp. 58-59
42. David Meagher, 'The Philosophy of Pitching Harry Potter,' Australian Financial Review, 30 October 2001, p. 50
43. Chris Petrikin, 'Taking a Page from Hollywood,' Variety, 14 October 1996, pp. 45-46, 82
44. Martin Arnold, 'Page to Screen and Back Again,' New York Times, 18 November 1999, p. E3
45. Douglas Gomery, 'Toward a New Media Economies', in Post-theory: Reconstructing Film Studies, eds. David Bordwell and Noël Carroll (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996), p. 408
46. For detailed analysis of the construction of a specific content franchise, see Simone Murray, 'Harry Potter Inc.: Content Recycling for Corporate Synergy,' M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture, 5, no. 4 (2002) at http://www.media-culture.org.au/mc/0208/recycling.html (27 November 2002)
47. See Naomi Klein, No Space, No Choice, No Jobs, No Logo (London: HarperCollins, 2001), pp. 309-42, passim
48. Naomi Klein, 'Naomi Klein - No Logo,' The Media Report, ABC Radio National transcript at http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8:30/mediarpt/stories/ s445871.htm (29 November 2002)
49. Media analysis displaying an openness to cultural politics, underpinned by a rigorous girding of political economy, is - hearteningly - becoming more prevalent. Stimulating theoretical articles have appeared articulating the hybrid nature of such an approach, emerging as it does at the borders of often fractious academic disciplines. In the UK, Graham Murdock has argued in favour of 'combining recent work in critical political economy with advances in the analyses [sic] of discourse' ('Cultural Studies at the Crossroads,' Australian Journal of Communication, 16 (1989), p. 46)
50. North American academics Eileen R. Meehan, Vincent Mosco and Janet Wasko have similarly proposed cross-fertilising political economy with 'materialist cultural studies' so as to achieve 'a holistic approach to the study of culture and communication' ('Rethinking,' pp. 106-107)
51. André Schiffrin, The Business of Books: How International Conglomerates Took Over Publishing and Changed the Way We Read (London and New York: Verso, 2001), pp. 69-70, 119
52. Herbert I. Schiller, Culture, Inc.: The Corporate Takeover of Public Expression (New York: Oxford UP, 1989), p. 164
53. Graham Murdock, 'Redrawing the Map of the Communications Industries: Concentration and Ownership in the Era of Privatization', in Public Communication - The New Imperatives: Future Directions for Media Research, ed. Marjorie Ferguson (London: Sage, 1990), p. 8
54. Mark Crispin Miller, 'What's Wrong With This Picture?,' Nation, 7 January 2002, pp. 18-22
55. Hollywood, p. 252
56. See also Henry Jenkins, 'Digital Land Grab,' Technology Review, March/April 2000, pp. 103-05
57. Josh Gliddon, 'Home Box Office,' Bulletin [Aust.], 28 November 2000, p. 74
58. Angus Kidman, 'Online Book Heist,' Australian, 13 September 2001, Media, p. 15
59. Mike Godwin, 'Hollywood vs. The Internet,' Sydney Morning Herald, 21 September 2002, Icon, pp. 8-9
60. Janelle Brown, 'The Music Revolution will not be Digitized,' Salon.com, 1 June 2001 at http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2001/06/01/digital_music/ (29 November 2002)
61. Scott Rosenberg, 'Revenge of the File-sharing Masses!,' Salon.com, 20 July 2001. at http://archive.salon.com/tech/col/rose/2001/07/20/ napster_diaspora/ (29 November 2002)
62. Damien Cave, 'Chained Melodies,' AlterNet.org, 25 March 2002 at http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=12694 (29 November 2002)