Means-ends spirituality questionnaire: Reliability, validity and relationship to psychological well-being

Review of Religious Research

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 130-154

  Ryan, Kathleen ^a   Fiorito, Basil ^a  

^a California Polytechnic State University

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 19944368078     PISSN: 0034673X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3512579     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Aiken, L. S. and West, S. G. 1991. Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions. Newbury Park, CA.: Sage.
2. Allport, G. W. and Ross, J. M. 1967. "Personal Religious Orientation and Prejudice." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 5:432-443.
3. Batson, C. D., and Schoenrade, P. 1991. "Measuring Religion as Quest: Two Reliability Concerns." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 30:430-447.
4. Batson, C. D., Schoenrade, P., and Ventis, W. L. 1993. Religion and the Individual: A Social-psychological Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Brunstein, J. 1993. "Personal Goals and Subjective Well-being: A Longitudinal Study." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65:1061-1070.
6. Cannon, D. 1996. Six Ways of Being Religious: A Framework for Comparative Studies of Religion. Belmont, CA:' Wadsworth.
7. Cohen, J. and Cohen, P. 1983. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analyses for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8. Costa, R.T., and McCrae, R.R. 1992. Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
9. Crowne, D. and Marlowe, D. 1964. The Approval Motive. New York: Wiley.
10. Csikszentmihalyi, M. 1990. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper Collins.
11. Darryberry, D. and Reed, M. 1994. 'Temperament and Attention: Orienting Toward and Away From Positive and Negative Signals." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66: 1128-1139.
12. Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. 1985. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum.
13. 1991. "A Motivational Approach to Self: Integration in Personality." In Dienstbier (ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Vol.38, pp. 237-288 Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
14. De Silva, P. 2001. An Introduction to Buddhist Psychology. (3rd ed.). Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Rowman and Littlefield.
15. Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., and Griffin, S. 1985. "The Satisfaction with Life Scale." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49:71-75.
16. Diener, E., and Fugita, F. 1995. "Resources, Personal Strivings, and Subjective Well-being: A Nomothetic and Idiographic Approach." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68:926-935.
17. Dittes, J. 1971. "Typing the Typologies: Some Parallels in the Career of Church-sect and Extrinsic-intrinsic."Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 10:375-383.
18. Donohue, M. J. 1985. "Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiousness: The Empirical Research." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 24:418-423.
19. Elliot, A. and Sheldon, K. 1997. "Avoidance Achievement Motivation: A Personal Goals Analysis." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73:171-185.
20. 1998. "Avoidance, Personal Goals and Personality-illness Relationship." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75:1282-1299.
21. Elliot, A., Sheldon, K., and Church, M. 1997. "Avoidance, Personal Goals and Subjective Well-being." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23:915-927.
22. Ellison, C. G. 1991. "Religious Involvement and Subjective Well-being." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 32:80-89.
23. 1995. "Race, Religious Involvement, and Depressive Symptomatology in a Southeastern US Community." Social Science Medicine 40:1561-1572.
24. Ellison, C. G. and Levin, J. S. 1998. "The Religion-health Connection: Evidence, Theory, and Future Directions." Health Education and Behavior 25:700-720.
25. Emmons, R. 1986. Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51:1058-1068.
26. 1999. The Psychology of Ultimate Concerns: Motivation and Spirituality in Personality. New York: Guilford.
27. Emmons, R. A., Cheung, C, and Tehrani, K. 1998. "Assessing Spirituality Through Personal Goals: Implications for Research on Religion and Subjective Well-being." Social Indicators Research 45:391-422.
28. Feagin, J. R. 1964. "Prejudice and Religious Types: A Focused Study of Southern Fundamentalists." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 4:3-13.
29. Fiorito, B. and Ryan, K. 1998. "Development and Preliminary Reliability of a New Measure of Religiosity." Paper presentation at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
30. Gartner, J., Larson, D. B., and Allen, G. D. 1991. "Religious Commitment and Mental Health: A Review of the Empirical Literature." Journal of Psychology and Theology 19:6-25.
31. Hannay, D. R. 1990. "Religion and Health." Social Science and Medicine 14A:683-685.
32. Herder, F. 1958. The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: Wily.
33. Higgins, E. T. 1996. "The 'Self Digest': Self-knowledge Serving Self-regulatory Functions." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71:1062-1083.
34. Hood, R. W., and Morris, R. J. 1985. "Conceptualization of Quest: A Critical Rejoinder to Batson." Review of Religious Research 26:391-397.
35. Hood, R. W., Spilka, B., Hunsberger, B., and Gorsuch, R. 1996. The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach (2nd ed.), New York: Guilford.
36. House, J. S., Landis, K. R., and Umberson, D. 1988. "Social Relationships and Health." Science 241:540-545.
37. Hunt, R. A., and King, M. 1971. "The Intrinsic-Extrinsic Concept: A Review and Evaluation." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 10:339-356.
38. James, W. 1902/1985. The Varieties of Religious Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1902).
39. Jones, A., and Crandall, R. 1986. "Validation of a Short Index of Self-actualization." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 12:63-73.
40. Karoly, P. 1991. "Goal Systems and Health Outcomes Across the Life Span: A Proposal." In H. E. Schroeder (ed.), New Directions in Health Psychology Assessment, pp. 65-91. New York: Hemisphere.
41. Kirkpatrick, L. A. 1989. "A Psychometric Analysis of the Allport-Ross and Feagin Measures of Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Orientation." Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion 1:1-31.
42. Kirkpatrick, L. A., and Hood, R. W. 1990. "Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Orientation: The "Boon" or "Bane" of Contemporary Psychology of Religion?" Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 29:442-462.
43. Lawton, M. P. 1996. "Quality of Life and Affect in Later Life." In C. Magai and S. H. McFadden (eds.), Hand-book of Emotion, Adult Development and Aging, pp. 327-348. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
44. Levin, J. S. and Chatters, L.M. 1998. "Research on Religion and Mental Health: An Overview of Empirical Findings and Theoretical Issues." In H. G. Koenig, (ed.), Handbook of Religion and Mental Health, pp. 34-47. San Diego: Academic Press.
45. Levin, J. S., Chatters, L. M., and Taylor, R. J. 1995. "Religious Effects on Health Status and Life Satisfaction Among Black Americans." Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 50B:S 154-S163.
46. Levin, J. S., Chatters, L.M., Ellison, C. G., and Taylor, R. J. 1996. "Religious Involvement, Health Outcomes, and Public Health Practice." Current Issues Public Health 2:220-225.
47. O'Brien, E. J. and Epstein, S. 1988. The Multidimensional Self-esteem Inventory: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
48. Pargament, K. I. 1992. "Of Means and Ends: Religion and the Search for Significance." The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 2(4):201-229.
49. Pargament, K. I. and Park, C. L. 1995. "Merely a Defense? The Variety of Religions Means and Ends." Journal of Social Issues 51 (2): 13-32.
50. Peterson, L. R., and Roy, A. 1985. "Religiosity, Anxiety, and Meaning and Purpose: Religion's Consequences for Psychological Well-being." Review of Religious Research 27:49-62.
51. Pressman, P., Lyons, J. S., Larson, D. B., and Strain, J. J. 1990. "Religious Belief, Depression, and Ambulation Status in Elderly Women With Broken Hips." American Journal of Psychiatry 147:758-760.
52. Rossi, E. L. 1993. The Psychobiology of Mind-Body Healing (Rev. ed.). New York: Norton.
53. Ryan, R. 1995. "Psychological Needs and the Facilitation of Integrative Processes." Journal of Personality 63:397-427.
54. Ryan, R. M., Rigby, S., and King, K. 1993. 'Two Types of Religious Internalization and Their Relations to Religious Orientation and Mental Health." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65:586-596.
55. Schwarz, N. 1990. "Feelings as Information: Informational and Motivational Functions of Affective States." In E. T. Higgins and R. M Sorrentino (eds.), Handbook of Motivation and Cognition, Vol.2, pp. 527-561. New York: Guilford.
56. Sheldon, K. M, and Kasser, T. 1995. "Pursuing Personal Goals: Skills Enable Progress, But Not All Progress Is Beneficial." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24:1319-1331.
57. Thoresen, C. E., Harris, A. H. S., and Oman, D. 2001. "Spirituality, Religion, and Health: Evidence, Issues, and Concerns." In T. G. Plante and A. C. Sherman (eds.), Faith and Health: Psychological Perspectives, pp. 15-52 New York: Guilford.
58. Tillich, P. 1957. Dynamics of Faith. New York: Harper and Row.
59. Trout, D. M. 1931. Religious Behavior: An Introduction to the Psychological Study of Religion. New York: Macmillan.
60. Trungpa, C. 1973. Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism. Boston: Shambhala.
61. Ventis, W. L. 1995. "The Relationship Between Religion and Mental Health." Journal of Social Issues 51:33-48.
62. Watson, D., Clark, L.A. and Tellegen, A. 1988. "Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54:1063-1070.
63. Wegner, D. 1994. "Ironic Process of Mental Control." Psychological Review 101:34-52.
64. Zinnbauer, B. Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M. S., Butter, E. M., Belavich, T. G., Hipp, K. M., Scott, A. B., and Kader, J. L. 1997. "Religion and Spirituality: Unfuzzying the Fuzzy." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 36:549-564.