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Volumn 128, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 193-218

A view from the bridge: The two cultures debate, its legacy, and the history of science

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EID: 19844381014     PISSN: 00115266     EISSN: 15486192     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0010669083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Austin: University of Texas Press
    • I will refer to the lecture and the printed versions of this piece by the more common short title "The Two Cultures." The printed version saw a number of changes from the original lecture; and later printed versions saw additional slight revisions. No variorum edition exists. For a discussion see John de la Mothe, C. P. Snow and the Struggle of Modernity (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1992), 49,
    • (1992) C. P. Snow and the Struggle of Modernity , pp. 49
    • De La Mothe, J.1
  • 2
    • 0004281462 scopus 로고
    • ed. Stefan Collini Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [Canto]
    • especially n. 4 and 5. I have used C. P. Snow, The Two Cultures, ed. Stefan Collini (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [Canto], 1993).
    • (1993) The Two Cultures
    • Snow, C.P.1
  • 3
    • 84965695286 scopus 로고
    • "The Scientific Papers of C. P. Snow,"
    • Twayne's English Authors Series (TEAS) provides a useful volume for an introduction to Snow's literary oeuvre: David Shusterman, C. P. Snow, rev. ed. (Boston: Twayne, 1991).
    • On Snow's scientific career, see J. C. D. Brand, "The Scientific Papers of C. P. Snow," History of Science XXVI (1988): 111-127. Twayne's English Authors Series (TEAS) provides a useful volume for an introduction to Snow's literary oeuvre: David Shusterman, C. P. Snow, rev. ed. (Boston: Twayne, 1991).
    • (1988) History of Science , vol.26 , pp. 111-127
    • Brand, J.C.D.1
  • 4
    • 33751202054 scopus 로고
    • Hattiesburg: The University and College Press of Mississippi
    • For the relationship between his "two lives" see Nora Calhoun Graves, The Two Culture Theory in C. P. Snow's Novels (Hattiesburg: The University and College Press of Mississippi, 1971);
    • (1971) The Two Culture Theory in C. P. Snow's Novels
    • Graves, N.C.1
  • 5
    • 84925897176 scopus 로고
    • "Autobiography and 'The Two Cultures' in the Novels of C. P. Snow,"
    • or (for the opposite conclusions) Nail Bezel, "Autobiography and 'The Two Cultures' in the Novels of C. P. Snow," Annals of Science 32 (1975): 555-571.
    • (1975) Annals of Science , vol.32 , pp. 555-571
    • Bezel, N.1
  • 8
    • 0003936060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Durham: Duke University Press
    • For instance, see references in Andrew Ross, ed., Science Wars (Durham: Duke University Press, 1996).
    • (1996) Science Wars
  • 9
    • 0002913590 scopus 로고
    • "The Environment and the Two Cultures Divide,"
    • ed. James Fleming and Henry Gemery Akron: University of Akron Press
    • On a recent use of the "Two Cultures" idea to explain certain dimensions of environmental policy in the United States, see Leo Marx, "The Environment and the Two Cultures Divide," in Science, Technology, and the Environment, ed. James Fleming and Henry Gemery (Akron: University of Akron Press, 1994).
    • (1994) Science, Technology, and the Environment
    • Marx, L.1
  • 10
    • 0003490655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Caroline A. Jones and Peter Galison, eds., New York: Routledge, introduction.
    • Caroline A. Jones and Peter Galison cite Snow as a salient instance of the assumed "binary economy" of art and science. See Caroline A. Jones and Peter Galison, eds., Picturing Science, Producing Art (New York: Routledge, 1998), introduction.
    • (1998) Picturing Science, Producing Art
  • 11
    • 84866816488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quotes are from Blackfriars, May 1964. Leo Marx describes much the same reaction in "The Environment and the Two Cultures Divide," 10 n. 5.
    • The quotes are from Blackfriars, May 1964. Leo Marx describes much the same reaction in "The Environment and the Two Cultures Divide," 10 n. 5.
  • 13
    • 84866815731 scopus 로고
    • "Science, Literature & Culture: A Comment on the Leavis-Snow Controversy,"
    • June
    • Lionel Trilling, "Science, Literature & Culture: A Comment on the Leavis-Snow Controversy," Commentary (June 1962): 464.
    • (1962) Commentary , pp. 464
    • Trilling, L.1
  • 14
    • 33751254289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BBC transcript in Cambridge University Press archives.
    • BBC transcript in Cambridge University Press archives.
  • 15
    • 33751239996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10 Observer, 24 May 1959; Encounter, August 1959.
    • 10 Observer, 24 May 1959; Encounter, August 1959.
  • 16
    • 33751246965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encounter and elsewhere; Listener, September 1959.
    • Encounter and elsewhere; Listener, September 1959.
  • 17
    • 33751201175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observer, 24 May 1959.
    • Observer, 24 May 1959.
  • 18
    • 33751254672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Listener, September 1959.
    • Listener, September 1959.
  • 19
  • 20
    • 33751202612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review in Nature, Snow document collection at Cambridge University Press, n.d.
    • Review in Nature, Snow document collection at Cambridge University Press, n.d.
  • 24
    • 33751257973 scopus 로고
    • 17 September
    • Listener, 17 September 1959.
    • (1959) Listener
  • 25
    • 33751240314 scopus 로고
    • 7 August
    • Spectator, 7 August 1959.
    • (1959) Spectator
  • 26
    • 84866816489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Sir Charles Snow's Rede Lecture,"
    • This was republished in the 1963 Random House volume containing Leavis's lecture
    • See Michael Yudkin, "Sir Charles Snow's Rede Lecture," Cambridge Review, 1960. This was republished in the 1963 Random House volume containing Leavis's lecture,
    • Cambridge Review, 1960.
    • Yudkin, M.1
  • 29
    • 33751248147 scopus 로고
    • 21 November
    • Cambridge Review, 21 November 1959.
    • (1959) Cambridge Review
  • 30
    • 19844379997 scopus 로고
    • "The Two Cultures,"
    • September
    • Michael Polanyi, "The Two Cultures," Encounter 13 (September 1959): 62.
    • (1959) Encounter , vol.13 , pp. 62
    • Polanyi, M.1
  • 32
    • 33751238412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The doyen of literary studies at Columbia wrote, "A lively young person of advanced tastes would surely say that if ever two men were committed to England, Home, and Duty, they are Leavis and Snow - he would say that in this they are as alike as two squares." Trilling, "Science, Literature & Culture," n. 8.
  • 34
    • 80051730554 scopus 로고
    • ed. David K. Cornelius and Edwin St. Vincent Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Company
    • A number of responses to the Richmond Lecture were collected in Cultures in Conflict: Perspectives on the Snow-Leavis Controversy, ed. David K. Cornelius and Edwin St. Vincent (Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1964).
    • (1964) Cultures in Conflict: Perspectives on the Snow-Leavis Controversy
  • 35
    • 33751203173 scopus 로고
    • London: Macmillan
    • The Works of Matthew Arnold (London: Macmillan, 1903-1904), vol. IV, 340-341.
    • (1903) The Works of Matthew Arnold , vol.4 , pp. 340-341
  • 37
    • 0003815918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • under "Humanities" for a sample chronology of uses.
    • See the Oxford English Dictionary under "Humanities" for a sample chronology of uses.
    • Oxford English Dictionary
  • 38
    • 84925911274 scopus 로고
    • "Science and the Sense of Self: The Medieval Background of a Modern Confrontation,"
    • Spring
    • Lynn White, Jr., "Science and the Sense of Self: The Medieval Background of a Modern Confrontation," Dœdalus 107 (2) (Spring 1978): 54.
    • (1978) Dœdalus , vol.107 , Issue.2 , pp. 54
    • White Jr., L.1
  • 39
    • 84866811877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This point is made by Leo Marx in "The Environment and the Two Cultures Divide," 12-13 n. 5. 34 Ibid., 12.
    • This point is made by Leo Marx in "The Environment and the Two Cultures Divide," 12-13 n. 5. 34 Ibid., 12.
  • 40
    • 84866810213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I am borrowing the terms "binary economy" from Jones and Galison, eds.
    • I am borrowing the terms "binary economy" from Jones and Galison, eds., Picturing Science, Producing Art, 2-8 n. 5.
    • Picturing Science, Producing Art , vol.2-8 , pp. 5
  • 41
    • 0008396455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Americanization of Unity,"
    • Winter
    • Peter Galison, "The Americanization of Unity," Dœdalus 127 (1) (Winter 1998).
    • (1998) Dœdalus , vol.127 , Issue.1
    • Galison, P.1
  • 42
    • 0004245762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See also the essays in Peter Galison and David Stump, eds., Stanford: Stanford University Press
    • See also the essays in Peter Galison and David Stump, eds., The Disunity of Science (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996).
    • (1996) The Disunity of Science
  • 43
    • 0007275887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Fear and Loathing of the Imagination in Science,"
    • Winter
    • Lorraine Daston, "Fear and Loathing of the Imagination in Science," Dœdalus 127 (1) (Winter 1998).
    • (1998) Dœdalus , vol.127 , Issue.1
    • Daston, L.1
  • 44
    • 0040404554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Science and the Construction of the Cultural Sciences in Late Enlightenment Germany: The Case of Wilhelm von Humboldt,"
    • Peter Hanns Reill, "Science and the Construction of the Cultural Sciences in Late Enlightenment Germany: The Case of Wilhelm Von Humboldt," History and Theory (33) (1996): 345-366.
    • (1996) History and Theory , Issue.33 , pp. 345-366
    • Reill, P.H.1
  • 45
    • 33751215445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of Science in the University Curriculum
    • Seminar Reports 4, Spring 1975, Columbia University.
    • Cited in Loren Graham, "History of Science in the University Curriculum," in Scientific Education and Humane Values, Seminar Reports 4, Spring 1975, Columbia University.
    • Scientific Education and Humane Values
    • Graham, L.1
  • 46
    • 33751207946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and several other sources drew attention to history of science as a discipline that defied Snow's polarization and that was reshaping social understanding of science.
    • This is in keeping with the vision of several commentators at the time: reviews in the Times Literary Supplement, Blackfriars, and several other sources drew attention to history of science as a discipline that defied Snow's polarization and that was reshaping social understanding of science.
    • Times Literary Supplement, Blackfriars
  • 47
    • 0003574602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1984.
    • Those not expert in physics may now develop some appreciation for the intricacies of thermodynamics by consulting one of the volumes in the Scientific American Library: P. W. Atkins, The Second Law (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1984).
    • The Second Law
    • Atkins, P.W.1
  • 50
    • 84866822996 scopus 로고
    • "Nineteenth-Century Popularizations of Thermodynamics and the Rhetoric of Social Prophecy,"
    • ed. Patrick Brantlinger Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • See Greg Meyer, "Nineteenth-Century Popularizations of Thermodynamics and the Rhetoric of Social Prophecy," in Energy and Entropy, ed. Patrick Brantlinger (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989), 327.
    • (1989) Energy and Entropy , pp. 327
    • Meyer, G.1
  • 51
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    • "The Uses and Abuses of Thermodynamics in Religion,"
    • Fall
    • A good starting place for the (extensive) literature on thermodynamics and religion is Erwin N. Hiebert, "The Uses and Abuses of Thermodynamics in Religion," Dœdalus 95 (4) (Fall 1966): 1046-1081.
    • (1966) Dœdalus , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 1046-1081
    • Hiebert, E.N.1
  • 52
    • 50349088952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More recently, see Bruce Clarke, "Allegories of Victorian Thermodynamics,"
    • 4.1
    • More recently, see Bruce Clarke, "Allegories of Victorian Thermodynamics," Configurations (4.1) (1996): 67-90.
    • (1996) Configurations , pp. 67-90
  • 56
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    • New York: Doubleday, The novella was first serialized in the Metropolitan Magazine and subsequently appeared in the English Review (seven parts, September 1916 to March 1917).
    • Joseph Conrad, The Shadow Line: A Confession (New York: Doubleday, 1917). The novella was first serialized in the Metropolitan Magazine and subsequently appeared in the English Review (seven parts, September 1916 to March 1917).
    • (1917) The Shadow Line: A Confession
    • Conrad, J.1
  • 57
    • 0004221570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Knopf
    • E. O. Wilson, Consilience (New York: Knopf, 1998), 40.
    • (1998) Consilience , pp. 40
    • Wilson, E.O.1


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