The western contact field of the Uralic languages

Mankind Quarterly

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 329-344

  Künnap, Ago ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

Author keywords

Cultural diffusion; Demic diffusion; Estonians; Finns; Indo European languages; Karelians; Mitochondrial DNA; Saami; Samoyeds; Uralic languages; Y Chromosomes

Indexed keywords

EID: 19844362626     PISSN: 00252344     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. See also R. Villems, Geenid kui tekst inimkonna bioloogilise ajaloo rekonstrueerimiseks (Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia. Avalik loeng. 28. Mai 1996.a.). (Manuscript);
2. A. Künnap, A Map in Disguise, Encyclopaedic Spirit and Black Eve. The Newest Views in Uralistics (A. Künnap, ed.), Fenno-Ugristica 20.
3. Uralic Languages in European and Siberian Linguistic Context. Tartu 1996, pp. 52-55, 58-59.
4. See especially L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, P. Menozzi, and A. Piazza, The History and Geography of Human Genes (Princeton, New Jersey 1994).
5. Sajantila, A., P. Lahermo, T. Anttila, M. Lukka, P. Sistonen, M.-L. Savontaus, P. Aula, L. Beckman, L. Tranebjaerg, T. Gedde-Dahl, L. Issel-Tarver, A. DiRienzo, and S. Pääbo, Genes and Languages in Europe: An Analysis of Mitochondrial Lineages ("Genome Research" 1995, pp. 42-52).
6. M. Richards, H. Côrte-Real, P. Forster, V. MacAulay, H. Wilkinson-Herbots, A. Demaine, S. Papiha, R. Hedges, H.-J. Bandelt, B. Sykes, Paleolithic and Neolithic Lineages in the European Mitochondrial Gene Pool ("American Journal of Human Genetics" 1996, vol. 59, pp. 185-205).
7. See also H.-J. Bandelt, Network methods for mtDNA data, a reappraisal of Saami mtDNA diversity ("The origin of the Hungarian populations and mitochondrial diseases." Budapest 3-5 July 1996. European Comission, p. 3).
8. See especially V. Lang, Varane maaviljelus ja maaviljelusühiskond Eestis: ääremärkusi mõningate arengutendentside kohta (Muinasaja Teadus 3. Eesti arheoloogia historiograafilisi, teoreetilisi ja kultuuriajaloolisi aspekte. Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia Ajaloo Instituut. Töid arheoloogia alalt 3. Tallinn 1995, pp. 116-181), p. 138;
9. E. Mikone, Suomalais-ugrilaisia kieliä puhuvan väestön alkuperä (Virittäjä 1996, pp. 401-422), p. 411.
10. M. A. Jobling, V. Samara, A. Pandya, N. Fretwell, B. Bernasconi, R. J. Mitchell, T. Gerelsaikhan, B. Dashnyam, A. Sajantila, P. J. Salo, Y. Nakahori, C. M. Disteche, K. Thangaraj, L. Singh, M. H. Crawford, C. Tyler-Smith, Recurrent duplication and deletion polymorphism on the long arm of the Y chromosome in normal males ("Human Molecular Genetics" 1996. Vol. 5. No. 11, pp. 1767-1775).
11. K. Wiik, How Far to the South in Eastern Europe Did the Finno-Ugrians Live? ("Fennoscandia Archaeologica" XIV. Helsinki 1997, pp. 23-30).
12. K. Wiik, Itämerensuomalaisten kansojen ja kielten syntykysymyksiä B. Uusia kontaktiteoriian perustuvia ratkaisuja. Keskeneräinen (An unpublished manuscript, Turku 1995);
13. K. Wiik, Itämerensuomalaisten kansojen ja kielten syntykysymyksiä C. Antropologinen ja geneettinen näkökulma. Keskeneräinen (An unpublished manuscript, Turku 1995).
14. Wiik, (ref. no. 9).
15. J. Pusztay, Diskussionsbeiträge zur Grundsprachenforschung. (Beispiel: das Protouralische) ("Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica" 43. Wiesbaden 1995).
16. K. Julku, Suomalais-ugrilaisten alkukodin ongelma (K. Julku, ed., Rajamailla II 1995. Studia Historica Septentrionalia 30. Rovaniemi 1996, pp. 134-153), p. 140.
17. P. Kallio, Uralic substrate features in Germanic? ("Journal de la Société Finno-Ougrienne" 87. Helsinki 1997, pp. 123-130);
18. P. Kallio, J. Koivulehto, and A. Parpola, Kantagermaanin suomalais-ugrilainen substraatti: edelleen perusteeton hypoteesi ("Tieteessä tapahtuu" 3. Helsinki 1998, pp. 45-48).
19. See especially Pusztay, Diskussionsbeiträge,
20. Pusztay, Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Ungarischen (A. Künnap, ed., "Fenno-Ugristica" 20.
21. Uralic Languages in European and Siberian Linguistic Context. "Tartu" 1996, pp. 85-89).
22. I. Hegedüs, Morphologische Übereinstimmungen in den uralischen, altaichen und einigen paläosibirischen Sprachen ("Specimina Sibirica I. Quinqueecclesiae" 1988, pp. 71-86).
23. I. Audova, O. Jerina, T. Halling, L. Karpova, P. Klesment, A. Künnap, A. Nurk, T. Ojamaa, I. Timirjajeva, Uurali keelte areaaltüpoloogilisi seoseid (A. Künnap, ed., Fenno-Ugristica 19. Tartu 1996, pp. 13-34);
24. I. Audova, On the ś-Preterite of Uralic languages and the Verbal s-Suffixes in the Siberian Non-Uralic languages (A. Künnap, ed., "Fenno-Ugristica" 20.
25. Uralic Languages in European and Siberian Context. Tartu 1996, pp. 23-28);
26. I. Audova, On the North-Samoyed Interrogative against the Background of Neighboring Languages (A. Künnap, ed., "Fenno-Ugristica" 21.
27. Western and Eastern Contact Areas of Uralic Languages. "Tartu" 1997, pp. 36-41).
28. P. Klesment, Siberi keelte l-iliste verbiafiksite problemaatika ja ainestik (A. Künnap, ed., "Fenno-Ugristica" 19. "Tartu" 1996, pp. 87-105);
29. P. Klesment, Verbal l-Affixes in Samoyed and Siberian Non-Uralic Languages (A. Künnap, ed., "Fenno-Ugristica" 20.
30. Uralic Languages in European and Siberian Linguistic Context. "Tartu" 1996, pp. 39-41);
31. P. Klesment, On the l-type Gerunds in South-Samoyed and Altaic Languages (A. Künnap, ed., "Fenno-Ugristica" 21.
32. Western and Eastern Contact Areas of Uralic Languages. "Tartu" 1997, pp. 53-58).
33. A. Künnap, Two Suffixes of Finite Verb Forms in Samoyed: η and š (A. Künnap, ed., Minor Uralic Languages: Structure and Development. Tartu-Groningen 1994, pp. 88-112);
34. A. Künnap ed., The l-Suffix of Lativ and Gerund in Southern Samoyed (A. Künnap, ed., Minor Uralic Languages: Grammar and Lexis. Tartu-Groningen 1995, pp. 115-122);
35. A. Künnap, Uber einige sich ähnelde uralische, eskimoische und tschuktschische Suffixe ("Linguistica Uralica" XXXIII. Tallinn 1997, pp. 97-101);
36. W. Veenker, Num affinitas lingua jukagiricae cum linguis uralicis grammatice demonstrari potest? (L.-G. Larsson, ed., Lapponica et Uralica. 100 Jahre finnisch-ugrischer Unterricht an der Universität Uppsala. Vorträge am Jubiläumssymposium 20.-23. April 1994. Uppsala 1996, pp. 317-323).
37. Wiik, ref. no. 9.
38. Wiik, ref. no. 9;
39. See also N. Strade, Uralic, Germanic, Paleo-European - about the earliest interactions of different language families in Northwestern Eurasia (an unpublished manuscript, 1995).
40. T.-R. Viitso, Finnic and its Indo-European neighbors: common changes (Symposium Finnish-ugrische Sprachen in Kontakt. Groningen 21.-23. November 1996. Abstracts. Teilnehmer, p. 51).
41. Most of the Uralic substrate features in Slavic languages listed here are mentioned also in these two books: W. Veenker, Die Frage des finnougrischen Substrats in der russischen Sprache (Bloomington 1967);
42. S. G. Thomason and T. Kaufman, Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Oxford 1988).
43. See ref 22.
44. See ref 22.
45. See ref 22.
46. See ref 22.
47. Ö. Dahl and M. Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Language typology around the Baltic sea: a problem inventory (Papers from the Institute of Linguistics. University of Stockholm (PILUS) 51), p. 12.
48. See ref 27.
49. See ref 27.
50. Dahl, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, p. 14.
51. Dahl, Koptjevskaja-Tamm, p. 15.
52. Dahl and Koptjevskaja-Tamm, pp. 15-16;
53. See also H. Metslang, The Development of the Futures in the Finno-Ugric Languages (M. Erelt, ed., Estonian: "Typological Studies I." Tartu 1996, pp. 122-144).
54. T. Stolz, Sprachbund im Balticum? Estnisch und Lettisch im Zentrum einer sprachlichen Konvergenzlandschaft (Bochum 1991), pp. 65-68.
55. Stolz, p. 43-44;
56. See also B. Klaas, Similarities in case Marking of Syntactic Relations in Estonian and Lithuanian (M. Erelt, ed., Estonian: "Typological Studies I." Tartu 1996, pp. 37-67), p. 45.
57. Stolz, p. 45-50;
58. J. Raukko and J.-O. Östman, Pragmaattinen näkökulma Itämeren kielialueeseen (University of Helsinki. Department of General Linguistics. Publications 25. 1994), p. 24;
59. See also L. Campbell, Some Grammaticalization Changes in Estonian and Their Implications ("Approaches to Grammaticalization." Vol. I. Focusing Theoretical and Methodological Issues. "Typological Studies in Language" 19. Benjamins 1991, pp. 285-299).
60. G. Meerwein, Einige Anmerkungen zu Gemeinsamkeiten in der Tempussystemen der fSprachen des Ostseeraums ("Linguistica Uralica" XXX. Tallinn 1994, pp. 168-176);
61. compare also M. Leinonen, Possessive impersonal constructions in Komi and Northern Russian dialects ("Symposium Finnisch-ugrische Sprachen in Kontakt." Groningen 21.-23. November 1996. Abstracts. Teilnehmer, p. 33).
62. R.-P. Ritter, Zum Supinum im Ostseefinnischen, Lappischen und Baltischen ("Congressus Internationalis Fenno-Ugaritarum" VIII. Pars III. Jyväskylä 1996, pp. 183-188).
63. Stolz, pp. 55-58.
64. Stolz, pp. 73-76.
65. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
66. L. Bednarczuk, Konvergencii balto-slavjanskih i finno-ugorskih jazykov v strukturnom i arealnom aspekte ("Balto-slavjanskie issledovanija" 1988-1996. Moskva 1997, pp. 91-108);
67. See also Dahl and Koptjevskaja-Tamm, pp. 18-24.
68. Bednarczuk.
69. Bednarczuk.
70. Bednarczuk.
71. Raukko and Östman, p. 23;
72. See also O. B. Tkačenko, Očerki teorii jazykovogo substrata (Kiev 1989), pp. 81-82;
73. Dahl and Koptjevskaja-Tamm, pp. 29-30;
74. Klaas, p. 38-46.
75. Raukko and Östman, p. 23;
76. See also Dahl and Koptjevskaja-Tamm, p. 29;
77. Compare also with Klaas, p. 44.
78. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
79. Dahl and Koptjevskaja-Tamm, p. 33-36;
80. See also Ritter, pp. 185-186.
81. Stolz, pp. 81-88.
82. Strade.
83. Strade.
84. Bednarczuk.
85. Dahl and Koptjevskaja-Tamm, p. 31;
86. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
87. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
88. Stolz, pp. 77-81.
89. See also Klaas, pp. 57-58.
90. Stolz, pp. 68-69.
91. Stolz, pp. 50-54.
92. Tkačenko, p. 170.
93. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
94. Raukko and Östman, p. 23.
95. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
96. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
97. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
98. Tkačenko, pp. 82-83.
99. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
100. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
101. Raukko and Östman, p. 24.
102. Julku, p. 142.