Feasibility of target material recycling as waste management alternative

Fusion Science and Technology

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2004, Pages

  El Guebaly, Laila A ^a   Wilson, P ^a   Henderson, D ^a   Varuttamaseni, A ^a  

^a University of Wisconsin Madison   (United States)

Author keywords

Inertial fusion; Recycling; Target materials

Indexed keywords

COOLING; COSTS; DEUTERIUM; HEAVY IONS; INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS; INVENTORY CONTROL; ION BEAMS; RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS; TRITIUM; WASTE DISPOSAL; WASTE MANAGEMENT; X RAYS;

INERTIAL FUSION; INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY (IFE); TARGET MATERIALS; TRANSMUTATION PRODUCTS;

RECYCLING;

EID: 19744381089     PISSN: 15361055     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.13182/fst04-a586     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. D. CALLAHAN-MILLER and M. TABAK, "Progress in Target Physics and Design for Heavy Ion Fusion," Phys Plasmas, 7, 5, 2083 (2000).
2. F. NAJMABADI et al., "The Starlite Study: Assessment of Options for Tokamak Power Plants," UCSD-ENG-005, University of California, San Diego (1997).
3. R. MOIR, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Personal Communications (Apr. 2002).
4. L. EL-GUEBALY, P. WILSON, D. HENDERSON, and A. VARUTTAMASENI, "Recycling of IFE Target Materials Versus One-Shot Use Scenario: Key Issues and Preferred Option," UWFDM-1183, University of Wisconsin Fusion Technology Institute (Nov. 2002).
5. R. MOIR et al., "Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plant Design Using the Compact Torus Accelerator: HYLIFE-CT," Fusion Technol., 21, 1492 (1992).
6. T. DOLAN and G. BUTTERWORTH, "Vanadium Recycling," Fusion Technol., 26, 1014 (1994).
7. P. ROCCO and M. ZUCCHETTI, "Management Strategy to Reduce the Radioactive Waste Amount in Fusion," J. Fusion Energy, 16, 1-2, 141 (1997).
8. M. LOWENTHAL et al., "Industrial Ecology for Inertial Fusion Energy: Selection of High-Z Material for HYLYFE-II Targets," Fusion Technol., 34, 619 (1998).
9. J. LATKOWSKI et al., "Selection of IFE Target Materials from a Safety and Environmental Perspective," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 464, 1-3, 422 (2001).
10. A. NOBILE and A. SCHWENDT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Personal Communications (Sep. 2001).
11. R. PETZOLDT and D. GOODIN, "Indirect Drive Target Materials Selection and Costing Studies," presented at 2003 ARIES Project Meeting; available on the Internet at: http://aries.ucsd.edu/ARIES/MEETINGS/0301/.
12. E. MOGAHED, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Personal Communications (Aug. 2001).
13. S. REYES et al., "Safety Issue Implications of Hg and Pb as IFE Target Materials: Radiological Versus Chemical Toxicity," Fusion Sci. Technol., 44, 400 (2003).
14. F. NAJMABADI, A. R. RAFFRAY, and ARIES-IFE TEAM, "Operational Windows for Dry-Wall and Wetted-Wall IFE Chambers," Fusion Sci. Technol., 46, 401 (2004).
15. L. EL-GUEBALY, P. WILSON, D. HENDERSON, L. WAGANER, and R. RAFFRAY, "Activation Assessment of IFE Thin Liquid Wall Materials and Proposed Variations for Liquid Waste Minimization," UWFDM-1182, University of Wisconsin Fusion Technology Institute (Nov. 2002).
16. L. EL-GUEBALY, P. WILSON, D. HENDERSON, L. WAGANER, and R. RAFFRAY, "Radiological Issues for Thin Liquid Walls of ARIES-IFE Study," Fusion Sci. Technol., 44, 405 (2003).
17. P. WILSON and D. HENDERSON, "ALARA: Analytic and Laplacian Adaptive Radioactivity Analysis Code Technical Manual," UWFDM-1070, University of Wisconsin Fusion Technology Institute (1998).
18. A. PASHCHENKO et al., "FENDL/A-2.0, Neutron Activation Cross Section Data Library for Fusion Applications," IAEA-NDS-173, International Atomic Energy Agency (1997).
19. "DANTSYS: A Diffusion Accelerated Neutral Particle Transport Code System," LA-12969-M, Los Alamos National Laboratory Report (1995).
20. M. HERMAN and H. WIENKE, "FENDL/MG-2.0 and FENDL/MC-2.0, The Processed Cross Section Libraries for Neutron-Photon Transport Calculations," IAEA-NDS-176, International Atomic Energy Agency (1997).
21. S. FETTER, E. T. CHENG, and F. M. MANN, "Long Term Radioactive Waste from Fusion Reactors: Part II," Fusion Eng. Des., 13, 239 (1990).
22. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION, "Licensing Requirements for Land Disposal of Radioactive Waste," Title 10, Part 61, Code of Federal Regulations (1982).
23. N. TAYLOR, Culham Science Centre, Personal Communications (Jan. 2002).
24. "Clearance Levels for Radionuclides in Solid Materials - Application of Exemption Principles," IAEA-TECDOC-855, International Atomic Energy Agency (1996).
25. L. EL-GUEBALY, D. HENDERSON, A. ABDOU, and P. WILSON, "Clearance Issues for Advanced Fusion Power Plants," Fusion Technol., 39, 986 (2001).
26. R. FORREST and J-CH. SUBLET, "FISPACT 99: User Manual," UKAEA-FUS-407, U.K. Atomic Energy Authority (1998).
27. "Gamma-Ray Attenuation Coefficients and Buildup Factors for Engineering Materials," ANSI/ANS-6.4.3, American Nuclear Society (1991).
28. P. PETERSON, University of California, Berkeley, Personal Communications (Feb. 2003).
29. L. A. EL-GUEBALY, "Need for Special Burning Module in Fusion Devices to Transmute Fusion High-Level Waste," UWFDM-1155, University of Wisconsin Fusion Technology Institute (June 2002).
30. W. MEIER and D. CALLAHAN-MILLER, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Personal Communications (Feb. 2001).
31. L. A. EL-GUEBALY, D. L. HENDERSON, P. P. H. WILSON, and A. E. ABDOU, "Activation of Target Coatings/Hohlraums and Influence on Waste Management of IFE Chambers," UWFDM-1154, University of Wisconsin Fusion Technology Institute (Nov. 2001).