Imaging of the achilles tendon

Foot and Ankle Clinics

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 239-254

  Bleakney, Robert R ^a,c   White, Lawrence M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE; ANKLE RADIOGRAPHY; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; NON INVASIVE MEASUREMENT; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT POSITIONING; REVIEW; SPORT INJURY;

ACHILLES TENDON; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING;

EID: 19544371552     PISSN: 10837515     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2005.01.006     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Y. Cheung, Z.S. Rosenberg, and T. Magee Normal anatomy and pathologic conditions of ankle tendons: current imaging techniques Radiographics 12 1992 429 444
2. E. Fischer Low kilovolt radiography D. Resnick G. Niwayama Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders 1981 WB Saunders Philadelphia 367 369
3. D. Resnick, D.P.M. Feingold, and J. Curd Calcaneal abnormalities in articular disorders. Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and Reiter syndrome Radiology 125 1977 355 366
4. J.S. Yu, D. Witte, and D. Resnick Ossification of the Achilles tendon: imaging abnormalities in 12 patients Skeletal Radiol 23 2 1994 127 131
5. J.E. Barberie, A.D. Wong, and P.L. Cooperberg Extended field-of-view sonography in musculoskeletal disorders AJR Am J Roentgenol 171 3 1998 751 757
6. R.S. Adler Future and new developments in musculoskeletal ultrasound Radiol Clin N Am 37 1999 623 631
7. M. Bertolotto, R. Perrone, and C. Martinoli High resolution ultrasound anatomy of normal Achilles tendon Br J Radiol 68 813 1995 986 991
8. B.D. Fornage Achilles tendon: US examination Radiology 159 3 1986 759 764
9. B.D. Fornage, and M.D. Rifkin Ultrasound examination of tendons Radiol Clin N Am 26 1 1988 87 107
10. W.W. Gibbon, J.R. Cooper, and G.S. Radcliffe Sonographic incidence of tendon microtears in athletes with chronic Achilles tendinosis Br J Sports Med 33 1999 129 130
11. P. Hartgerink, D.P. Fessell, and J.A. Jacobson Full-versus partial-thickness Achilles tendon tears: sonographic accuracy and characterization in 26 cases with surgical correlation Radiology 220 2 2001 406 412
12. F.M. Kainberger, A. Engel, and P. Barton Injury of the Achilles tendon: diagnosis with sonography AJR Am J Roentgenol 155 1990 1031 1036
13. P.A. Kaplan, A. Matamoros, and J.C. Anderson Sonography of the musculoskeletal system AJR Am J Roentgenol 155 1990 237 245
14. N. Maffulli, R. Regine, and M. Angelillo Ultrasound diagnosis of Achilles tendon pathology in runners Br J Sports Med 21 4 1987 158 162
15. J.R. Mathieson, D.G. Connell, and P.L. Cooperberg Sonography of the Achilles tendon and adjacent bursae AJR Am J Roentgenol 151 1988 127 131
16. S. Rupp, S. Tempelhof, and E. Fritsch Ultrasound of the Achilles tendon after surgical repair: morphology and function Br J Radiol 68 1995 454 458
17. M.A. O'Reilly, and H. Massouh Pictorial review: the sonographic diagnosis of pathology in the Achilles tendon Clin Radiol 48 3 1993 202 206
18. N. Maffulli, N.P. Dymond, and G. Capasso Ultrasonographic findings in subcutaneous rupture of Achilles tendon J Sports Med Phys Fitness 29 1989 365 368
19. J. Lin, D.P. Fessell, and J.A. Jacobson An illustrated tutorial of musculoskeletal sonography: part 1, introduction and general principles AJR Am J Roentgenol 175 2000 637 645
20. K.T. Dussik, D.J. Fritch, and M. Kyriazidou Measurements of articular tissues with ultrasound Am J Phys Med 37 3 1958 160 165
21. B.D. Fornage The hypoechoic normal tendon: a pitfall J Ultrasound Med 6 1987 19 22
22. C. Martinoli, L.E. Derchi, and C. Pastorino Analysis of echotexture of tendons with US Radiology 186 3 1993 839 843
23. C. Frey, Z. Rosenberg, and M. Shereff The retrocalcaneal bursa: anatomy and bursography Foot Ankle 13 1982 203 207
24. F. Civeira, J.J. Castillo, and C. Calvo Achilles tendon size by high resolution sonography in healthy population Med Clin (Barc) 111 2 1998 41 44
25. T. Koivunen-Niemela, and K. Parkkola Anatomy of the Achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus) with respect to tendon thickness measurements Surg Radiol Anat 17 1995 263 268
26. M. Åström, C.-F. Gentz, and P. Nilsson Imaging in chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a comparison of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in 27 histologically verified cases Skeletal Radiol 25 1996 615 620
27. F. Kainberger, F. Mittermaier, and G. Seidl Imaging of tendons-adaptation, degeneration, rupture Eur J Radiol 25 1997 209 222
28. M. Paavola, T. Paakkala, and P. Kannus Ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of Achilles tendon injuries and related disorders. A comparison between pre-operative ultrasonography and surgical findings Acta Radiol 39 6 1998 612 619
29. R.S. Patel, D.P. Fessell, and J.A. Jacobson Artifacts, anatomic variants, and pitfalls in sonography of the foot and ankle AJR Am J Roentgenol 178 2002 1247 1254
30. G.M. Hollenberg, M.J. Adams, and E.P. Weinberg Sonographic appearance of nonoperatively treated Achilles tendon ruptures Skeletal Radiol 29 2000 259 264
31. R.R. Bleakney, C. Tallon, and J.K. Wong Long-term ultrasonographic features of the Achilles tendon after rupture Clin J Sport Med 12 5 2002 273 278
32. M. Moller, P. Kalebo, and G. Tiderbrant The ultrasonographic appearance of the ruptured Achilles tendon during healing: a longitudinal evaluation of surgical and nonsurgical treatment, with comparisons to MRI appearance Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10 2002 49 56
33. K.M. Khan, B.B. Forster, and J. Robinson Are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of value in assessment of Achilles tendon disorders? A two year prospective study Br J Sports Med 37 2003 149 153
34. J.M. Archambault, J.P. Wiley, and R.C. Bray Can sonography predict the outcome in patients with achillodynia? J Clin Ultrasound 26 7 1998 335 339
35. M. Zanetti, A. Metzdorf, and H.-P. Kundert Achilles tendons: clinical relevance of neovascularization diagnosed with power doppler US Radiology 227 2 2003 556 560
36. S. Nehrer, M. Breitenseher, and W. Brodner Clinical and sonographic evaluation of the risk of rupture in the Achilles tendon Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 116 1-2 1997 14 18
37. E.P. Weinberg, M.J. Adams, and G.M. Hollenberg Color Doppler sonography of patellar tendinosis AJR Am J Roentgenol 171 3 1998 743 744
38. S.F. Quinn, W.T. Murray, and R.A. Clark Achilles tendon: MR imaging at 1.5 T Radiology 164 1987 767 770
39. J.T. Bencardino, Z.S. Rosenberg, and L.F. Serrano MR imaging of tendon abnormalities of the foot and ankle Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 9 3 2001 475 492
40. Z.S. Rosenberg, J. Beltran, and J.T. Bencardino From the RSNA Refresher Courses. Radiological Society of North America. MR imaging of the ankle and foot Radiographics 20 2000 S153 S179
41. K. Soila, P. Karjalainen, and H.J. Aronen High-resolution MR imaging of the asymptomatic Achilles tendon: new observations AJR Am J Roentgenol 173 1999 323 328
42. Y. Cheung, and Z.S. Rosenberg MR imaging of the accessory muscles around the ankle Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 9 3 2001 465 473
43. M.E. Schweitzer, and D. Karasick MR imaging of disorders of the Achilles tendon AJR Am J Roentgenol 175 2000 613 625
44. S.J. Erickson, I.H. Cox, and J.S. Hyde Effect of tendon orientation on MR imaging signal intensity: a manifestation of the "magic angle" phenomenon Radiology 181 1991 389 392
45. S.J. Erickson, R.W. Prost, and M.E. Timins "Magic angle" effect: background physics and clinical relevance Radiology 188 1993 23 25
46. H. Marshall, C. Howarth, and D.J. Larkman Contrast-enhanced magic-angle MR imaging of the Achilles tendon AJR Am J Roentgenol 179 1 2002 187 192
47. A. Oatridge, A. Herlihy, and R.W. Thomas Magic angle imaging of the Achilles tendon in patients with chronic tendonopathy Clin Radiol 58 5 2003 384 388
48. A. Oatridge, A.H. Herlihy, and R.W. Thomas Magnetic resonance: magic angle imaging of the Achilles tendon Lancet 358 9293 2001 1610 1611
49. B.A. Bottger, M.E. Schweitzer, and K.I. El-Noueam MR imaging of the normal and abnormal retrocalcaneal bursae AJR Am J Roentgenol 170 1988 1239 1241
50. P.T. Karjalainen, K. Soila, and H.J. Aronen MR imaging of overuse injuries of the Achilles tendon AJR Am J Roentgenol 175 2000 251 260
51. P.T. Karjalainen, H.J. Aronen, and H.K. Pihlajamäki Magnetic resonance imaging during healing of surgically repaired Achilles tendon ruptures Am J Sports Med 25 1997 164 171
52. J.S. Keene, E.G. Lash, and D.R. Fisher Magnetic resonance imaging of Achilles tendon ruptures Am J Sports Med 17 1989 333 337
53. A.H. Haims, M.E. Schweitzer, and R.S. Patel MR imaging of the Achilles tendon: overlap of findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals Skeletal Radiol 29 2000 640 645
54. J.T. Bencardino, and Z.S. Rosenberg Normal variants and pitfalls in MR imaging of the ankle and foot Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 9 3 2001 447 463