메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 106, Issue 1-3, 2005, Pages 11-26

The strange career of the Ringelmann smoke chart

Author keywords

Air pollution measurements; Coal smoke; Ringelmann chart; Ringelmann scale; Smoke abatement; Smoke nuisance; Social construction of measurement

Indexed keywords

AIR POLLUTION; AIR POLLUTION CONTROL; AIR QUALITY; ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; PUBLIC POLICY;

EID: 19444374396     PISSN: 01676369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-0756-z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 19444380728 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Subcommittee of the Assembly Interim Committee on Governmental Efficiency and Economy Relative to a Study and Analysis of the Facts Pertaining to Air Pollution Control in Los Angeles County
    • Assembly of the State of California
    • Assembly of the State of California: 1953, Report of the Subcommittee of the Assembly Interim Committee on Governmental Efficiency and Economy Relative to a Study and Analysis of the Facts Pertaining to Air Pollution Control in Los Angeles County.
    • (1953)
  • 2
    • 19444364717 scopus 로고
    • 'Smoke abatement progress'
    • Azbe, V. J.: 1930,'Smoke abatement progress', Power Plant Eng. 34, 1102-1104.
    • (1930) Power Plant Eng. , vol.34 , pp. 1102-1104
    • Azbe, V.J.1
  • 3
    • 19444365428 scopus 로고
    • 'Smoke Abatement in New England 1910'
    • E.G. Bailey Papers, Box 2, Hagley Library, Wilmington, Delaware, Accession 2092
    • Bailey, E. G.: 1910,'Smoke Abatement in New England, 1910', E.G. Bailey Papers, Box 2, Hagley Library, Wilmington, Delaware, Accession 2092, p. 1.
    • (1910) , pp. 1
    • Bailey, E.G.1
  • 4
    • 19444369798 scopus 로고
    • 'Air-pollution prevention in the United States'
    • Barkley, J. F.: 1951,'Air-pollution prevention in the United States, Mech. Eng. 73, 284-288.
    • (1951) Mech. Eng. , vol.73 , pp. 284-288
    • Barkley, J.F.1
  • 6
    • 0041332051 scopus 로고
    • 'The smoke investigation of the Industrial Research Department of the University of Pittsburgh'
    • Benner, R. C.: 1912a,'The smoke investigation of the Industrial Research Department of the University of Pittsburgh', Ind. World 46, 1270-1273.
    • (1912) Ind. World , vol.46 , pp. 1270-1273
    • Benner, R.C.1
  • 7
    • 19444373729 scopus 로고
    • 'Smoke Abatement in Pittsburgh'
    • (ed.), Papers Read at the Smoke Abatement Conference March 26-28, London
    • Benner, R. C.: 1912b,'Smoke Abatement in Pittsburgh', in. Coal Smoke Abatement Society (ed.), Papers Read at the Smoke Abatement Conference March 26-28, 1912, London, pp. 81-83.
    • (1912) Coal Smoke Abatement Society , pp. 81-83
    • Benner, R.C.1
  • 8
    • 19444381016 scopus 로고
    • (ed): Mellon Institute of Industrial Research and School of Specific Industries, Smoke Investigation Bulletin No. 6, Pittsburgh
    • Benner, R. C. (ed): 1913, Papers on the Effect of Smoke on Building Materials, Mellon Institute of Industrial Research and School of Specific Industries, Smoke Investigation Bulletin No. 6, Pittsburgh.
    • (1913) Papers on the Effect of Smoke on Building Materials
    • Benner, R.C.1
  • 9
    • 19444366691 scopus 로고
    • University of Illinois Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin 15, Urbana
    • Breckenridge, L. P.: 1907, How to Burn Illinois Coal Without Smoke, University of Illinois Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin 15, Urbana.
    • (1907) How to Burn Illinois Coal Without Smoke
    • Breckenridge, L.P.1
  • 10
    • 19444372201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bundesgesetzblatt
    • Bundesgesetzblatt, 1997, part 1, p. 498.
    • (1997) , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 498
  • 12
    • 19444366560 scopus 로고
    • 'Let's make air pollution control effective'
    • Christy, W. G.: 1949,'Let's make air pollution control effective', Am. City 64, 78-79.
    • (1949) Am. City , vol.64 , pp. 78-79
    • Christy, W.G.1
  • 13
    • 5844351811 scopus 로고
    • 'History of the air pollution control association'
    • 174
    • Christy, W. G.: 1960,'History of the air pollution control association', J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 10, 126-137, 174.
    • (1960) J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. , vol.10 , pp. 126-137
    • Christy, W.G.1
  • 14
    • 19444380243 scopus 로고
    • Citizens' Smoke Abatement League: Executive Committee Meeting, April 30, Scrapbook File, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis
    • Citizens' Smoke Abatement League: 1926, Minutes of Meetings 1926-1934, Executive Committee Meeting, April 30, Scrapbook File, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis.
    • (1926) Minutes of Meetings 1926-1934
  • 15
    • 19444366005 scopus 로고
    • Committee on Fuel Supply of the Boston Chamber of Commerce Boston Chamber of Commerce Boston
    • Committee on Fuel Supply of the Boston Chamber of Commerce 1910 Smoke Abatement Boston Chamber of Commerce Boston 11
    • (1910) Smoke Abatement , pp. 11
  • 17
    • 19444378707 scopus 로고
    • Umweltschutz. Luftreinhaltung, Lärmbekämpfung. Rechts- und Verwaltungsvorschriften des Bundes und der Länder mit einer systematischen Einführung
    • (Cologne)
    • Feldhaus, G. and Hansel, H. D.: 1971, Umweltschutz. Luftreinhaltung, Lärmbekämpfung. Rechts- und Verwaltungsvorschriften des Bundes und der Länder mit einer systematischen Einführung (Cologne).
    • (1971)
    • Feldhaus, G.1    Hansel, H.D.2
  • 18
    • 0038830565 scopus 로고
    • 'An obituary for 'The Progressive Movement'
    • Filene, P. G.: 1970,'An obituary for 'The Progressive Movement', Am. Quart. 22, 20-34.
    • (1970) Am. Quart. , vol.22 , pp. 20-34
    • Filene, P.G.1
  • 20
    • 19444368805 scopus 로고
    • 'Does the public really want smoke eliminated?'
    • Gibbons, J. O. G.: 1928,'Does the public really want smoke eliminated?', Power Plant Eng. 32, 792.
    • (1928) Power Plant Eng. , vol.32 , pp. 792
    • Gibbons, J.O.G.1
  • 21
    • 84898533827 scopus 로고
    • 'Factors rarely considered in smoke abatement'
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaH2sXhs1Whug%3D%3D
    • Hebley, H. F.: 1947,'Factors rarely considered in smoke abatement', Mech. Eng. 69, 281-287. 1:CAS:528:DyaH2sXhs1Whug%3D%3D
    • (1947) Mech. Eng. , vol.69 , pp. 281-287
    • Hebley, H.F.1
  • 22
    • 19444373998 scopus 로고
    • 'Technological factors in relation to some legal aspects of smoke control'
    • Hebley, H. F.: 1948, 1949,'Technological factors in relation to some legal aspects of smoke control', Univ. Pittsburgh Law Rev. 10, 505-510.
    • (1948) Univ. Pittsburgh Law Rev. , vol.10 , pp. 505-510
    • Hebley, H.F.1
  • 24
    • 19444369641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die Frühgeschichte der globalen Umweltkrise und die Formierung der deutschen Umweltpolitik (1940-1973)
    • Ph.D., University of Kiel
    • Hünemörder, K.: 2001, Die Frühgeschichte der globalen Umweltkrise und die Formierung der deutschen Umweltpolitik (1940-1973), Ph.D., University of Kiel.
    • (2001)
    • Hünemörder, K.1
  • 25
    • 19444385890 scopus 로고
    • Illinois Manufacturers' Association: Statement, Special Joint Technical Committee, Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry and Illinois Manufacturers' Association, December 31 box 106, folder 20, Chicago Historical Society
    • Illinois Manufacturers' Association: 1962, Statement, Special Joint Technical Committee, Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry and Illinois Manufacturers' Association, December 31, p. 6, box 106, folder 20, Chicago Historical Society.
    • (1962) , pp. 6
  • 26
    • 19444385160 scopus 로고
    • Illinois Manufacturers' Association: Illinois Manufacturers' Association to Members of the IMA Clean Air and Water Committee and Other Interested Parties, May 10 Box 108, Folder 2, Chicago Historical Society
    • Illinois Manufacturers' Association: 1966, Illinois Manufacturers' Association to Members of the IMA Clean Air and Water Committee and Other Interested Parties, May 10, p. 4, Box 108, Folder 2, Chicago Historical Society.
    • (1966) , pp. 4
  • 27
    • 19444380598 scopus 로고
    • Illinois Manufacturers' Association: Statement of Orville V. Bergren, Secretary, Illinois Manufacturers' Association Before the Committee on Health, Chicago City Council, February 16 Box 109, Folder 1, Chicago Historical Society
    • Illinois Manufacturers' Association: 1968, Statement of Orville V. Bergren, Secretary, Illinois Manufacturers Association Before the Committee on Health, Chicago City Council, February 16, p. 5, Box 109, Folder 1, Chicago Historical Society,
    • (1968) , pp. 5
  • 28
    • 19444370359 scopus 로고
    • Statement Pertaining to Proposed Chapter II, Rules for Controlling Existing Pollution, and Chapter III, Rules for Control of Emissions from New Equipment, Air Pollution Control Board Public Hearing
    • Illinois Manufacturers' Association: Chicago, April 7 Box 109, Folder 3, Chicago Historical Society
    • Illinois Manufacturers' Association: 1970, Statement Pertaining to Proposed Chapter II, Rules for Controlling Existing Pollution, and Chapter III, Rules for Control of Emissions from New Equipment, Air Pollution Control Board Public Hearing, Chicago, April 7, p. 4, Box 109, Folder 3, Chicago Historical Society.
    • (1970) , pp. 4
  • 30
    • 19444374125 scopus 로고
    • US Bureau of Mines Information Circular 6888, n. l
    • Kudlich, R.: 1936, Ringelmann Smoke Chart, US Bureau of Mines Information Circular 6888, n. l.
    • (1936) Ringelmann Smoke Chart
    • Kudlich, R.1
  • 32
    • 19444375790 scopus 로고
    • Landesanstalt für Immissions- und Bodennutzungsschutz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz Bestand 930, No. 10320, Schulungsprogramm "Immissionsschutz" 1968
    • Landesanstalt für Immissions- und Bodennutzungsschutz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen: 1968, Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz Bestand 930, No. 10320, Schulungsprogramm "Immissionsschutz" 1968, p. 2.
    • (1968) , pp. 2
  • 34
    • 19444376717 scopus 로고
    • 'Abating black smoke will not solve the problem of atmospheric pollution'
    • MacLaurin, R. D.: 1929,'Abating black smoke will not solve the problem of atmospheric pollution', Am. City 40, 135-137.
    • (1929) Am. City , vol.40 , pp. 135-137
    • MacLaurin, R.D.1
  • 37
    • 19444376569 scopus 로고
    • 'Übersicht über Stand und Aufgaben der Staubmeßechnik. Bericht an den Fachausschußfür Staubtechnik beim VDI'
    • Meldau, R.: 1929,'Übersicht über Stand und Aufgaben der Staubmeßtechnik. Bericht an den Fachausschußfür Staubtechnik beim VDI', Die Meßtechnik 5, 66-69.
    • (1929) Die Meßtechnik , vol.5 , pp. 66-69
    • Meldau, R.1
  • 38
    • 19444384636 scopus 로고
    • Mitteilungen aus der Praxis des Dampfkessel- und Dampfmaschinen-Betriebes
    • Mitteilungen aus der Praxis des Dampfkessel- und Dampfmaschinen-Betriebes: 1903, 26 p. 159.
    • (1903) , vol.26 , pp. 159
  • 39
    • 19444369185 scopus 로고
    • Smoke Abatement
    • US Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 273, Washington
    • Monnett, O.: 1923, Smoke Abatement, US Bureau of Mines Technical Paper 273, Washington.
    • (1923)
    • Monnett, O.1
  • 41
    • 19444364192 scopus 로고
    • 'Smoke ordinances'
    • 10.1021/ie50379a003
    • Monnett, O.: 1941,'Smoke ordinances', Ind. Eng. Chem. 33, 839-840. 10.1021/ie50379a003
    • (1941) Ind. Eng. Chem. , vol.33 , pp. 839-840
    • Monnett, O.1
  • 42
    • 19444376718 scopus 로고
    • Harper & Brothers New York and London
    • H. Obermeyer 1933 Stop That Smoke! Harper & Brothers New York and London 289
    • (1933) Stop That Smoke! , pp. 289
    • Obermeyer, H.1
  • 43
    • 0041332060 scopus 로고
    • Mellon Institute of Industrial Research and School of Specific Industries, Smoke Investigation Bulletin No. 4 Pittsburgh
    • J. J. O'Connor Jr. 1913a The Economic Cost of the Smoke Nuisance to Pittsburgh Mellon Institute of Industrial Research and School of Specific Industries, Smoke Investigation Bulletin No. 4 Pittsburgh
    • (1913) The Economic Cost of the Smoke Nuisance to Pittsburgh
    • O'Connor Jr., J.J.1
  • 44
    • 19444363033 scopus 로고
    • 'The smoke investigation of the University of Pittsburgh'
    • O'Connor, J. J., Jr.: 1913b,'The smoke investigation of the University of Pittsburgh', Ind. World 47, 132-133.
    • (1913) Ind. World , vol.47 , pp. 132-133
    • O'Connor Jr., J.J.1
  • 45
    • 19444381288 scopus 로고
    • letter to W. F. M. Goss, December 10, Archives of Industrial Society, University of Pittsburgh, 83:7 Ser. I FF 21
    • O'Connor, J. J.: 1915, letter to W. F. M. Goss, December 10, Archives of Industrial Society, University of Pittsburgh, 83:7 Ser. I FF 21.
    • (1915)
    • O'Connor, J.J.1
  • 46
    • 0041332090 scopus 로고
    • The Burning of Coal without Smoke in Boiler Plants: A Preliminary Report
    • United States Geological Survey Bulletin 334 Washington
    • D. T. Randall 1908 The Burning of Coal without Smoke in Boiler Plants: A Preliminary Report United States Geological Survey Bulletin 334 Washington
    • (1908)
    • Randall, D.T.1
  • 47
    • 19444386823 scopus 로고
    • 'Méthode d'estimation des fumées Produites Par Les Foyers Industriels'
    • Ringelmann, M.: 1898,'Méthode d'estimation des fumées Produites Par Les Foyers Industriels', La Revue Technique 19, 268-271.
    • (1898) La Revue Technique , vol.19 , pp. 268-271
    • Ringelmann, M.1
  • 48
    • 0000809690 scopus 로고
    • 'In search of progressivism'
    • Rodgers, D. T.: 1982,'In search of progressivism', Rev. Am. History 10, 113-132.
    • (1982) Rev. Am. History , vol.10 , pp. 113-132
    • Rodgers, D.T.1
  • 49
    • 19444364855 scopus 로고
    • 'Ordinances for smoke abatement'
    • Rooney, M. A.: 1915,'Ordinances for smoke abatement', Am. City 13, 316-317.
    • (1915) Am. City , vol.13 , pp. 316-317
    • Rooney, M.A.1
  • 50
    • 19444387218 scopus 로고
    • Smoke Prevention Association: Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Convention September 8-10
    • Smoke Prevention Association: 1915, Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Convention, September 8-10.
    • (1915)
  • 51
    • 19444386171 scopus 로고
    • Air Pollution Control in California: 1968 Annual Report - Air Resources Board
    • State of California, The Resources Agency: January 1969
    • State of California, The Resources Agency: 1969, Air Pollution Control in California: 1968 Annual Report - Air Resources Board, January 1969.
    • (1969)
  • 52
    • 19444378708 scopus 로고
    • 'Atmospheric pollution due to smoke'
    • Stern, A. C.: 1945,'Atmospheric pollution due to smoke', Heating Ventilating 42, 67-70.
    • (1945) Heating Ventilating , vol.42 , pp. 67-70
    • Stern, A.C.1
  • 53
    • 0042333763 scopus 로고
    • 'Über die wissenschaftliche Behandlung der Rauchfrage'
    • Strong, W. W.: 1911/12,'Über die wissenschaftliche Behandlung der Rauchfrage', Rauch und Staub 2, 65-66.
    • (1911) Rauch Und Staub , vol.2 , pp. 65-66
    • Strong, W.W.1
  • 55
    • 0041331127 scopus 로고
    • Some Engineering Phases of Pittsburgh's Smoke Problem
    • Mellon Institute of Industrial Research and School of Specific Industries, Smoke Investigation Bulletin No. 8 Pittsburgh
    • A. A. Straub 1914 Some Engineering Phases of Pittsburgh's Smoke Problem Mellon Institute of Industrial Research and School of Specific Industries, Smoke Investigation Bulletin No. 8 Pittsburgh
    • (1914)
    • Straub, A.A.1
  • 56
    • 19444376570 scopus 로고
    • 'A smoke elimination program that works'
    • 463-469, 519-523, 605-610 18 (1) 99-105; 18 (2) 102-104
    • Tucker, R. R.: 1945, 1946,'A smoke elimination program that works', Heating Piping Air Conditioning 17, 463-469, 519-523, 605-610, 605-610; 18 (1) 99-105; 18 (2) 102-104.
    • (1945) Heating Piping Air Conditioning , vol.17 , pp. 605-610
    • Tucker, R.R.1
  • 57
    • 19444369940 scopus 로고
    • letter to J. C. Kimbrough, June 27, Raymond R. Tucker Smoke Abatement Collection, Series 3, Box 1, Folder "Kingsport, Tennessee," Washington University Archives, St. Louis
    • Tucker, R. R.: 1949, letter to J. C. Kimbrough, June 27, Raymond R. Tucker Smoke Abatement Collection, Series 3, Box 1, Folder "Kingsport, Tennessee," Washington University Archives, St. Louis.
    • (1949)
    • Tucker, R.R.1
  • 59
    • 0033273708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Divergent responses to identical problems: Businessmen and the smoke nuisance in Germany and the United States 1880-1917'
    • Uekoetter, F.: 1999,'Divergent responses to identical problems: Businessmen and the smoke nuisance in Germany and the United States, 1880-1917', Business History Rev. 73, 641-676.
    • (1999) Business History Rev. , vol.73 , pp. 641-676
    • Uekoetter, F.1
  • 60
    • 19444381983 scopus 로고
    • Mellon Institute of Industrial Research and School of Specific Industries, Smoke Investigation Bulletin No. 3 Pittsburgh
    • J. E. W. Wallin 1913 Psychological Aspects of the Problem of Atmospheric Smoke Pollution Mellon Institute of Industrial Research and School of Specific Industries, Smoke Investigation Bulletin No. 3 Pittsburgh
    • (1913) Psychological Aspects of the Problem of Atmospheric Smoke Pollution
    • Wallin, J.E.W.1
  • 61
    • 19444386435 scopus 로고
    • 'Air pollution'
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaH1cXivVWltg%3D%3D
    • Whittaker, H. A. et al.: 1948,'Air pollution', Am. J. Public Health Nation's Health 38, 761-769. 1:CAS:528:DyaH1cXivVWltg%3D%3D
    • (1948) Am. J. Public Health Nation's Health , vol.38 , pp. 761-769
    • Whittaker, H.A.1
  • 62
    • 19444378047 scopus 로고
    • Schutz vor Luftverunreinigungen, Geräuschen und Erschütterungen. Immissions- schutzgesetz Nordrhein-Westfalen
    • Herne and Berlin
    • Wiethaup, H.: 1963, Schutz vor Luftverunreinigungen, Geräuschen und Erschütterungen. Immissions- schutzgesetz Nordrhein-Westfalen, Herne and Berlin.
    • (1963)
    • Wiethaup, H.1
  • 65
    • 19444369797 scopus 로고
    • 'Messung von Flugstaub in Rauchgasen'
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaA3MXjtFWhug%3D%3D
    • Zimmermann, E.: 1931,'Messung von Flugstaub in Rauchgasen', Zeitschrift Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure 75, 481-486. 1:CAS:528:DyaA3MXjtFWhug%3D%3D
    • (1931) Zeitschrift Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure , vol.75 , pp. 481-486
    • Zimmermann, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.