ELA-max: A New Topical Lidocaine Formulation

Annals of Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 38, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 892-894

  Goldman, Ran D ^a  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anesthetics, topical; Children; ELA max; EMLA

Indexed keywords

DRUG VEHICLE; LIDOCAINE; LIPOSOME; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; PRILOCAINE;

ANALGESIA; BURN; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG SCREENING; ERYTHEMA; HUMAN; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; PAIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKIN ABRASION; SKIN DISEASE; SKIN IRRITATION; SYSTEMIC DISEASE; TOPICAL ANESTHESIA; VEIN PUNCTURE; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; WOUND DRESSING;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANESTHETICS, LOCAL; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DRUGS, NON-PRESCRIPTION; HUMANS; LIDOCAINE; PAIN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS;

EID: 1942438649     PISSN: 10600280     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1345/aph.1C423     Document Type: Review

References (23)

1. Desborough JP. The stress response to trauma and surgery. Br J Anaesth 2000;85:109-17.
2. Anand KJ, Carr DB. The neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neurochemistry of pain, stress, and analgesia in newborns and children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1989;36:795-822.
3. Taddio A, Ohlsson K, Ohlsson A. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream for analgesia during circumcision in newborn boys. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000496.
4. Cordoni A, Cordoni LE. Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics reduces pain during intravenous catheter insertion in the pediatric patient. Clin J Pain 2001;17:115-8.
5. Koh JL, Fanurik D, Stoner PD, Schmitz ML, VonLanthen M. Efficacy of parental application of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics for intravenous insertion. Pediatrics 1999;103:e79.
6. Sharma BB, Jain SK, Vyas SP. Topical liposome system bearing local anesthetic lidocaine. Preparation and evaluation. J Microencapsul 1994; 11:279-86.
7. Bucalo BD, Mirikitani EJ, Moy RL. Comparison of skin anesthetic effect of liposomal lidocaine, non-liposomal lidocaine, and EMLA using 30-minute application time. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:537-41.
8. Foldvari M, Gesztes A, Mezei M. Dermal drug delivery by liposome encapsulation: clinical and electron microscopic studies, J Microencapsul 1990;7:479-89.
9. Mezei M. Liposomes as penetration promoters and localizers of topically applied drugs. In: Hsieh DS, ed. Drug permeation enhancement. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1993:171-98.
10. Finkel JC, Yang CI, Yarvitz JL, Patel KM. Neuroselective sensory electrodiagnostic evaluation of 4% liposomal topical lidocaine. Anesth Analg 2002;94:1259-62.
11. Kundu S. Principles of office anesthesia. Part II: topical anesthesia. Am Fam Physician 2002;66:99-102.
12. Foldvari M. In vitro cutaneous and percutaneous delivery and in vivo efficacy of tetracaine from liposomal and conventional vehicles. Pharm Res 1994;11:1593-8.
13. Friedman PM, Fogelman JP, Nouri K, Levine VJ, Ashinoff R. Comparative study of the efficacy of four topical anesthetics. Dermatol Surg 1999; 25:950-4.
14. Huang W. Topical anesthetics in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:286-98.
15. Altman DA, Gildenberg SR. High-energy pulsed light source hair removal device used to evaluate the onset of action of a new topical anesthetic. Dermatol Surg 1999;25:816-8.
16. Jenkins AV. Acute convulsive reaction to surface anesthetic: treatment by depolarizing muscle relaxant. Br J Anaesth 1962;34:61-4.
17. Koppel RA, Coleman KM, Coleman WP. The efficacy of EMLA versus ELA-Max for pain relief in medium-depth chemical peeling: a clinical and histopathologic evaluation. Dermatol Surg 2000;26:61-4.
18. Eichenfield LF, Funk A, Fallon-Friedlander S, Cunningham BB. A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of ELA-max (4% liposomal lidocaine) as compared with eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream for pain reduction of venipuncture in children. Pediatrics 2002;109:1093-9.
19. Kleiber C, Sorenson M, Whiteside K, Gronstal BA, Tannous R. Topical anesthetics for intravenous insertion in children: a randomized equivalency study. Pediatrics 2002;110:758-61.
20. Frey B, Kehrer B. Toxic methaemoglobin concentrations in premature infants after application of a prilocaine-containing cream and peridural prilocaine. Eur J Pediatr 1999;158:785-8.
21. Package insert. ELA-max (lidocaine). Ferndale, MI: Ferndale Laboratories, 1997.
22. Friedman PM, Mafong EA, Friedman ES, Geronemus RG. Topical anesthetics update: EMLA and beyond. Dermatol Surg 2001;27:1019-26.
23. Kennedy RM, Luhmann JD. The "ouchless emergency department." Getting closer: advances in decreasing distress during painful procedures in the emergency department. Pediatr Clin North Am 1999;46:1215-47.