Are Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis the Same Disease?

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism

Volumn 33, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 294-301

  Cantini, Fabrizio ^a,d   Niccoli, Laura ^a   Storri, Lara ^a   Nannini, Carlotta ^a   Olivieri, Ignazio ^b   Padula, Angela ^b   Boiardi, Luigi ^c   Salvarani, Carlo ^c  

^a Ospedale di Prato   (Italy)

^b SAN CARLO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^c S MARIA NUOVA HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^d MISERICORDIA E DOLCE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Giant cell arteritis; Pathogenesis; Polymyalgia rheumatica

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CD4 ANTIGEN; GAMMA INTERFERON; GENE PRODUCT; HLA DR ANTIGEN; INTERLEUKIN 6; PREDNISONE; RANTES; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VIRUS DNA;

BLOOD VESSEL BIOPSY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE; GENOTYPE; GIANT CELL ARTERITIS; HUMAN; PARVOVIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATIC POLYMYALGIA; SIDE EFFECT; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION; TEMPORAL ARTERY; VASCULITIS;

EID: 1942423167     PISSN: 00490172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2003.09.008     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Paulley JW, Hughes JP. Giant cell arteritis, or arteritis of the aged. BMJ 1960;2:1562-7.
2. Wilske KR, Healey LA. Polymyalgia rheumatica: A manifestation of systemic giant cell arteritis. Ann Intern Med 1967;66:77-91.
3. Salvarani C, Cantini F, Boiardi L, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:261-71.
4. Salvarani C, Cantini F, Olivieri I, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica: A disorder of extraarticular synovial structures? J Rheumatol 1999;26:517-21.
5. Cantini F, Salvarani C, Olivieri I, Niccoli L, Padula A, Macchioni L, et al. Shoulder ultrasonography in the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica: A case-control study. J Rheumatol 2001;28:1049-55.
6. Salvarani C, Cantini F, Macchioni L, Olivieri I, Niccoli L, Padula A, et al. Distal musculoskeletal manifestations in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective follow-up study. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1221-6.
7. Meliconi R, Pulsatelli L, Uguccioni M, Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Melchiorri C, et al. Leukocyte infiltration in synovial tissue from the shoulder of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: Quantitative analysis and influence of corticosteroid treatment. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1199-207.
8. Calamia KT, Hunder GG. Clinical manifestations of giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Clin Rheum Dis 1980;6:389-403.
9. Caselli RJ, Hunder GG, Whisnant JP. Neurologic disease in biopsy-proven giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Neurology 1988;38:352-9.
10. Caselli RJ, Daube JR, Hunder GG, Whisnant JP. Peripheral neuropathic syndromes in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Neurology 1988;38:685-9.
11. Schmidt WA, Kraft He, Vorpahl K, Volker L, Gromnica-Ihle EJ. Color duplex ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1336-42.
12. Lie JT. Illustrated histopathologic classification criteria for selected vasculitis syndromes. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33: 1074-87.
13. Banks PM, Cohen MD, Ginsburg WW, Hunder GG. Immunohistologic and cytochemical studies of temporal arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1983;26:1201-7.
14. Salvarani C, Hunder GG. Musculoskeletal manifestations in a population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:1259-66.
15. Healey LA. Polymyalgia rheumatica and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis may be the same entity. J Rheumatol 1992;19:270-2.
16. Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, McShane DJ, Fries JF, Cooper NS, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31:315-24.
17. Klein RG, Hunder GG, Stanson AW, Sheps SG. Large artery involvement in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Ann Intern Med 1975;83:806-12.
18. Stanson AWImaging findings in extracranial (giant cell) temporal arteritisClin Exp Rheumatol18Suppl 202000S438
19. Boesen P, Sorenson Sf. Giant cell arteritis, temporal arteritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum 1987; 30:294-9.
20. Bengtsson BA, Malmvall BE. The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis including temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum 1981;24:899-904.
21. Bird HA, Esselinckx W, Dison ASJ, Mowat AG, Wood PHN. An evaluation of criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis 1979;38:434-9.
22. Chuang TY, Hunder GG, Ilstrup DM, Kurland LT. Polymyalgia rheumatica: A 10-year epidemiologic and clinical study. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:672-80.
23. Healey LA. Long-term follow-up of polymyalgia rheumatica: Evidence for synovitis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1984; 13:322-8.
24. Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Stevens MB, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1122-8.
25. Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica in Omsted County, Minnesota, 1970-1991. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:369-73.
26. Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: Apparent fluctuations in a cyclic pattern. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:192-4.
27. Doran MF, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG, Gabriel SE. Trends in the incidence of PMR over a 30 year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA. J Rheumatol 2002;29:1694-7.
28. Ostberg GAn arteritis with special reference to polymyalgia arteriticaActa Pathol Microbiol Scand237Suppl1973159
29. Smith CA, Fidler WJ, Pinals RS. The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1983;26:1214-9.
30. Franzen P, Sutinen S, von Knorring J. Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in a region of Finland: An epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic study, 1984-1988. J Rheumatol 1992;19:273-6.
31. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Alonso MD, Aguero JJ, Bal M, Fernandez-Camblor B, Sanchez-Andrade A. Temporal arteritis in a northwestern area of Spain: Study of 57 biopsy proven patients. J Rheumatol 1992;19:277-80.
32. Noltorp S, Svensson B. High incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis in a Swedish community. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1991;9:351-5.
33. Elling P, Olsson AT, Elling H. Synchronous variations of the incidence of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in different regions of Denmark: Association with epidemics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Rheumatol 1996;23:112-9.
34. Salvarani C, Macchioni PL, Zizzi F, Mantovani W, Rossi F, Castri C, et al. Epidemiologic and immunogenetic aspects of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis in northern Italy. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34:351-6.
35. Bielory L, Ogunkaya A, Frohman L. Temporal arteriris in blacks. Am J Med 1989;86:707-10.
36. Gonzalez EB, Varner WT, Lisse JR, Daniels JC, Hokanson JA. Giant-cell arteritis in the southern United States: An 11-year retrospective study from the Texas Gulf Coast. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:1561-5.
37. Friedman G, Friedman B, Benbassat J. Epidemiology of temporal arteritis in Israel. Israel J Med Sci 1982;18:241-4.
38. Sonnenblick M, Nesher G, Friedlander Y, Rubinow A. Giant cell arteritis in Jerusalem: A 12-year epidemiological study. Br J Rheumatol 1994;33:938-41.
39. Silman AJ, Currey HLF. Polymyalgia rheumatica in a defined elderly community. Rheumatol Rehabil 1982;21:235-7.
40. Hunder GG, Allen GL. Giant cell arteritis: A review. Bull Rheum Dis 1978-79;29:980-6.
41. Salvarani C, Silingardi M, Ghirarduzzi A, Lo Scocco G, Macchioni P, Bajocchi G, et al. Is duplex ultrasonography useful for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis? Ann Intern Med 2002;137:232-8.
42. Bignon JD, Barrier J, Soulillou JP, Martin P, Grolleau JY. HLA-DR4 and giant cell arteritis. Tissue Antigens 1984; 24:60-2.
43. Hansen JA, Healey LA, Wilske KR. Association between giant cell (temporal) arteritis and HLA-Cw3. Hum Immunol 1985;13:193-8.
44. Cid MC, Ercilia G, Vilaseca J, Sanmarti R, Villalta J, Ingelmo M, et al. Polymyalgia rheumatica: A syndrome associated with HLA-DR4 antigen. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31:678-82.
45. Richardson JE, Gladman DD, Fam A, Keystone EC. HLA-DR4 in giant cell arteritis: Association with polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum 1987;30:1293-7.
46. Guerne PA, Salvi M, Seitz M, Bruhlmann P, Rivier G, Frey D, et al. Molecular analysis of HLA-Dr polymorphism in polymyalgia rheumatica. J Rheumatol 1997;24:671-6.
47. Labbe P, Flipo RM, Fajardy I, Hachulla E, Howenagal E, Hatron PY, et al. HLA-DRB1 polymorphism in rhizomelic pseudo-polyarthritis and Horton's disease. Rev Med Intern 1995;16:778-81.
48. Uddhammar A, Nilsson Sojka BN, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S. HLA antigens in polymyalgia rheumatica in Northern Sweden. Clin Rheumatol 1996;15:486-90.
49. Salvarani C, Boiardi L, Mantovani V, Ranzi A, Cantini F, Olivieri I, et al. HLA-DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 alleles associated with giant cell arteritis in Northern Italy. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2395-9.
50. Weyand CM, Hicock KC, Hunder GG, Goronzy JJ. The HLA-DRB1 locus as a gentic component in giant cell arteritis: Mapping of a disease linked sequence motif to the antigen binding site of the HLA-DR molecule. J Clin Invest 1992;90: 2355-61.
51. Weyand CM, Hunder NNH, Hicok KC, Hunder GG, Goronzy JJ. HLA-DRB1 alleles in polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:514-20.
52. Haworth S, Ridgeway J, Stewart I, Dver PA, Pepper I, Ollier W. Polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with both HLA-DRB1×0401 and DRB1×0404. Br J Rheumatol 1996; 35:632-5.
53. Salvarani C, Boiardi L, Mantovani V, Ranzi A, Cantini F, Olivieri I, et al. HLA-DRB1 alleles associated with polymyalgia rheumatica in Northern Italy: correlation with disease severity. Ann Rheum Dis 1999;58:303-8.
54. Dababneh A, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua CV, Hajeer A, Thomson W, Ollier W. Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica can be differentiated by distinct patterns of HLA class II association. J Rheumatol 1998;25:2140-5.
55. Gonzalez-gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Vazquez-Caruncho M, Dababneh A, Hajeer A, Ollier W. The spectrum of polymyalgia rheumatica in Northwestern Spain: Incidence and analysis of variables associated with relapse in a 10-year study. J Rheumatol 1999;26:1326-32.
56. Makki RF, Al Sharif F, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Ollier W. RANTES gene polymorphism in polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000;18:391-3.
57. Salvarani C, Casali B, Boiardi L, Ranzi A, Macchioni P, Nicoli D, et al. Intercellular adhesion molecole 1 gene polymorphisms in polymyalgia reumatica/giant cell arteritis: Association with disease risk and severity. J Rheumatol 2000;27: 1215-21.
58. Amoli MM, Shelley E, Mattey DL, Garcia-Porrua C, Thomson W, Hajeer AH, et al. Lack of association between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene polymorphisms and giant cell arteritis. J Rheumatol 2001;28:1600-4.
59. Amoli MM, Shelley E, Mattey DL, Garcia-Porrua C, Thomson W, Hajeer AH, et al. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene polymorphisms in isolated polymyalgia rheumatica. J Rheumatol 2002;29:502-4.
60. Mattey DL, Hajeer AH, Dababneh A, Thomson W, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, et al. Association of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica with different tumor necrosis factor microsatellite polymorphisms. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:1749-55.
61. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Hajeer AH, Dababneh A, Garica-Porrua C, Mattey DL, Amoli MM, et al. IL-6 promoter polymorphism at position - 174 modulates the phenotypic expression of polymyalgia rheumatica in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002;20:179-84.
62. Elling P, Olsson AT, Elling H. Synchronous variations of the incidence of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in different regions of Denmark: Association with epidemics of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection. J Rheumatol 1996;23:112-9.
63. Helling H, Olsson AT, Elling P. Human Parvovirus and giant cell arteritis: A selective arteritic impact? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000;18(Suppl 20):S12-4
64. Cimmino M, Grazi MA, Balistreri M, Accardo S. Increased prevalence of antibodies to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in polymyalgia rheumatica. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993;11:309-13.
65. Duhaut P, Bosshard S, Calvet A, Pinede L, Demolombe-Rague S, Dumontet C, et al. Giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica and viral hypotheses: A multicentric, prospective case-control study. J Rheumatol 1999;26:361-9.
66. Narvaez Garcia J, Clavaguera MT, Nolla-Solé JM, Valverde-Garcia J, Roig-Escofet D. Lack of association between infection and onset of PMR. J Rheumatol 2000;27:953-7.
67. Wagner A, Gerard HC, Fresemann T, Schmidt WA, Gromnica-Ihle E, Hudson AP, et al. Detection of Chlamydia Pneumoniae in giant cell vasculitis and correlation with the topographic arrangement of tissue-infiltrating dendritic cells. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:1543-51.
68. Gabriel SE, Espy M, Erdman DD, Bjornsson J, Smith TF, Hunder GG. The role of Parvovirus B 19 in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis: a preliminary evaluation. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:1255-8.
69. Salvarani C, Fametti E, Casali B, Nicoli D, Wenlan L, Bajocchi G, et al. Detection of Parvovirus B19 DNA by polymerase chain reaction in giant cell arteritis: A case-control study. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:3099-101.
70. Regan MJ, Wood BJ, Hsieh YH, Theodore ML, Quinn TC, Hellmann DB, et al. Temporal arteritis and Chlamydia pneumoniae: Failure to detect the organism by polymerase chain reaction in ninety cases and ninety controls. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1056-60.
71. Helveg-Larsen J, Tarp B, Obel N, Baslund B. No evidence of Parvovirus B19, Chlamydia Pneumoniae or human herpes virus infection in temporal artery biopsies in patients with giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology 2002;41:445-9.
72. Dasgupta B, Panayi GS. Interleukin-6 in serum of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Br J Rheumatol 1990;29:456-8.
73. Roche NA, Fulbright JW, Wagner AD, Hunder GG, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Correlation of interleukin-6 production and disease activity in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1993;36:1286-94.
74. Roblot P, Morel F, Lelievre D, Gascan H, Wijdenes J, Lecron JC. Serum cytokine and cytokine receptor levels in patients with giant cell arteritis during corticotherapy. J Rheumatol 1996;23:408-10.
75. Uddhammar A, Sundqvist KG, Ellis B, Rantapaa-Dalqvist S. Cytokines and adhesion molecules in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Br J Rheumatol 1998;37:766-9.
76. Weyand CM. The pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis. J Rheumatol 1999;27:517-22.
77. Meliconi R, Pulsatelli L, Dolzani P, Boiardi L, Macchioni P, Salvarani C. Vascular endothelial growth factor production in polymyalgia reumatica. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:2472-80.
78. Ellingsen T, Elling P, Olson A, Elling H, Baandrup U, Matsushima K, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis 2000;59:775-80.
79. Weyand CM, Hicok KC, Hunder GG, Goronzy JJ. Tissue cytokine patterns in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:484-91.
80. Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Cytokines in giant cell arteritis. Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69(Suppl 2)SII91-4
81. Blockmans D, Stroobants S, Maes A, Mortelmans L. Positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence for inflammation of the aortic arch. Am J Med 2000;108:246-9.
82. Blockmans D. 18Fluoro-Deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. In: Abstract book of Second International Conference on Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica. August 22-25, 2002; The Mayo Clinic, Rochester:65-6.
83. Corcoran GM, Prayson RA, Kevin MH. The significance of perivascular inflammation in the absence of arteritis in temporal artery biopsy specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 2001;115: 342-7.
84. Esteban MJ, Font C, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Valls-Solé J, Sanmarti R, Cardellach F, et al. Small-vessel vasculitis surrounding a spared temporal artery: Clinical and pathologic findings in a series of twenty-eight patients. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:1387-95.
85. Cimmino MA, Caporali R, Montecucco CM, Rovida S, Baratelli E, Broggini M. A seasonal pattern in the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis 1990;49:521-3.
86. Petursdottir V, Johansson H, Nordborg E, Nordborg C. The epidemiology of biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis: Special reference to cyclic fluctuations. Rheumatology 1999;38:1208-12.
87. Hunder GG. Giant cell (temporal) arteritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1990;16:399-409.