Functional and metabolic evaluation of the athlete's heart by magnetic resonance imaging and dobutamine stress magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Circulation

Volumn 97, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 666-672

  Pluim, Babette M ^a   Lamb, Hildo J ^b   Kayser, Hein W M ^a,b   Leujes, Ferre ^b   Beyerbacht, Hugo P ^b   Zwinderman, Aeilko H ^b   Van der Laarse, Amoud ^a   Vliegen, Hubert W ^b   De Roos, Albert ^b   Van der Wall, Ernst E ^a,b  

^a ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES   (Netherlands)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Hypertrophy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Metabolism; Spectroscopy; Stress

Indexed keywords

DOBUTAMINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLING; EXERCISE TEST; HEART INDEX; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FILLING; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART MUSCLE METABOLISM; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PHOSPHORUS NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 19244378153     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.97.7.666     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Morganroth J, Maron BJ. The athlete's heart syndrome: a new perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1977;301:931-941.
2. Pellicia A, Maron BJ, Spataro A, Proschan MA, Spirito P. The upper limit of physiological cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:295-301.
3. Huston TP, Puffer JC, Rodney WM. The athletic heart syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:24-31.
4. Anonymous. Sporting hearts. Lancet. 1992;340:1132-1133.
5. Frohlich ED, Apstein C, Chobanian AV, Devereux RB, Dustan HP, Dzau V, Fauad-Tarazi F, Horan MJ, Marcus M, Massie B, Pfeffer MA, Re RN, Roccella EJ, Savage D, Shub C. The heart in hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:998-1008.
6. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1561-1566.
7. Maron BJ, Shirani J, Poliac LC, Mathenge R, Roberts WC, Mueller FO. Sudden death in young competitive athletes. JAMA. 1996;276:199-204.
8. Wesslén L, Pahlson C, Lindquist O, Hjelm E, Gnarpe J, Larsson E, Baandrup U, Eriksson L, Fohlman J, Engstrand L, Linglót T. NyströmRosander C, Gnarpe H, Magnius L, Rolf C, Friman G. An increase in sudden unexpected cardiac deaths among young Swedish orienteers during 1979-1992. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:902-910.
9. Miki T, Yokota Y, Seo T, Yokoyama M. Echocardiographic findings in 104 professional cyclists with follow-up study. Am Heart J. 1994;127:898-905.
10. Maron BJ. Structural features of the athlete heart as defined by echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;7:190-203.
11. Fagard RH. Impact of different sports and training on cardiac structure and function. Cardiol Clin. 1992;10:241-256.
12. Pellicia A, Maron BJ, Culasso F, Spataro A, Caselli G. Athlete's heart in women. JAMA. 1996;276:211-215.
13. van der Wall EE, Vliegen HW, de Roos A, Bruschke AVG. Magnetic resonance imaging in coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1995;92:2723-2739.
14. Rebergen SA, Doornbos J, van der Wall EE, de Roos A. Magnetic resonance measurement of blood flow: principles and clinical applications. Cardiovasc Imaging. 1992;4:175-181.
15. Beyerbacht HP, Vliegen HW, Lamb HJ, Doornbos J, de Roos A, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human heart: current status and clinica applications. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:1158-1166.
16. Pluim BM, Chin JC, de Roos A, Doornbos J, Siebelink H-MJ, van der Laarse A, Lamerichs RMJN, Bruschke AVG, van der Wall EE. Cardiac anatomy, function and metabolism in elite cyclists assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:1271-1278.
17. Nishimura RA, Abel MD, Hatle LK, Tajik AJ. Assessment of diastolic function of the heart: background and current applications of Doppler echocardiography, II: clinical studies. Mayo Clin Proc. 1989;64:181-204.
18. Lamb HJ, Doornbos J, van der Velde EA, Kruit MC, Reiber JHC, de Roos A. Echo planar MRI of the heart on a standard system: validation of measurements of left ventricular function and mass. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1996;20:942-949.
19. Rebergen SA, van der Wall EE, Doornbs J, de Roos A. Magnetic resonance measureement of velocity and flow: technique, validation and cardiovascular applications. Am Heart J. 1993;126:1439-1456.
20. van der Geest RJ, Buller VGM, Jansen E, Lamb HJ, Baur LHB, van der Wall EE. de Roos A, Reiber JHC. Comparisons between manual and sermiautomated analysis of left ventricular volume parameters from short-axis MR images. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1997;21:756-765.
21. Pattynama PMT, Lamb HJ, van der Velde EA, van der Wall EE, de Roos A. Left ventricular measurements with cine and spin-echo MR imaging: a study on reproducibility with variance component analysis. Radiology, 1993;187:261-268.
22. Lamb HJ, Doornbos J, den Hollander JA, Luyten PR, Beijerbacht HP, van der Wall EE, de Roos A. Reproducibility of human cardiac P-31-NMR spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 1996;9:217-227.
23. van der Veen JWC, de Beer R, Luyten PR, van Ormondt D. Accurate quantification of in vivo 31-P NMR signals using the variable projection method and prior knowledge. Magn Reson Med. 1988;6:92-98.
24. de Roos A, Doornbos J, Luyten PR, Oosterwaal LJMB, van der Wall EE, den Hollander JA. Cardiac metabolism in patients with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: assessment with proton-decoupled P-31 MR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1992;2:711-719.
25. Fioretti PM, Poldermans D, Salsustri A, Forster T, Boersma E, McNeill AJ, El Said ES, Roelandt JR. Atropine increases the accuracy of dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients taking beta blockers. Eur Heart J. 1994;15:355-360.
26. Coplan NL, Gleim GW, Stachenfeld N, Eskenazi M, Morales M, Nicholas JA. Evaluation of 85% predicted maximal heart rate as as end point for diagnostic exercise testing . Am Heart J. 1991;122:1790-1791.
27. Spirito P, Pellicia A, Proschan MA, Granata M, Spataro A, Caselli G, Biffi A, Vecchio C, Maron BJ. Morphology of the 'athlet's heart' assessed by echocardiography in 947 elite athletes representing 27 sports. Am J Cardiol. 1994;109:1038-1044.
28. Turpeinen AK, Kuikka JT, Vanninen E, Vainio P, Vanninen R, Litmanen H. Koivisto VA, Bergström K, Uusitupa MIJ. Athletic heart: a metabolic, anatomical, and functional study. Med Sci Sports Exert. 1996;28:33-40.
29. Fleck SJ, Pattany PM, Stone MH, Kraemer WJ, Thrush J, Wong K. Magnetic resonance imaging determination of left ventricular mass: junior Olympic weightlifters. Med Sci Sports Exert: 1993;25:522-527.
30. Katz J, Milliken MC, Stray-Gundersen J, Buja LM, Parkey RW, Mitchell JH, Peshock RM. Estimation of human myocaridal mass with MR imaging. Radiology. 1988;169:495-498.
31. Hanrath P, Mathey DG, Siegert R, Bleifeld W. Left ventricular relaxation and filling pattern in different forms of left venticular hypertrophy: an echocardiographic study. Am J Cardiol. 1980;45:15-23.
32. Inouye I, Massie B, Loge BS, Topic N, Silverstein D, Simpson P, Tubau J. Abnormal left ventricular filling: an early finding in mild to moderate systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:120-126.
33. Smith V, Schulman P, Karimeddini MK, White WB, Meeran MK, Katz AM. Rapid ventricular filling in left ventricular hypertrophy, II: pathologic hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5:869-874.
34. Alvares RF, Shaver JA, Gamble WH, Goodwin JF. Isovolumic relaxation period in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984;3:71-81.
35. Krayenbuehl HP, Hess OM, Monrad ES, Schneider J, Mall G, Turina M. Left ventricular myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before, intermediate, and late after valve replacement. Circulation. 1989;79:744-755.
36. Stauffer JC, Gaasch WH. Recognition and treatment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1990;32:319-332.
37. Karwatowski SP, Brecker SJD, Yang GZ, Firmin DN, St John Sutton M, Underwood SR. Mitral valve flow measured with cine MR velocity mapping in patients with ischemic heart disease: comparison with Doppler echocardiography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1995;5:89-92.
38. van der Geest RJ, Buller VGM, Reiber JHC. Automated quantification of flow velocity and volume in the ascending and descending aorta using MR flow velocity mapping. Comput Cardiol. 1995;29-32.
39. Lorell BH, Grossman W. Cardiac hypertrophy: the consequences for diastole. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;9:1189-1193.
40. Voutilainen S, Kupari M, Hippeläinen M, Karppinen K, Ventilä M, Heikkilä J. Factors influencing Doppler indexes of left ventricular filling in healthy persons. Am J Magn Reson Imaging. 1995;5:89-92.
41. Bryg RJ, Williams GA, Labovitz AJ. Effect of aging on left ventricular diastolic filling in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59:971-974.
42. Forman DE, Manning WJ, Hauser R, Gervino EV, Evans WJ, Wei JY. Enhanced left ventricular diastolic filling associated with long-term endurance training. J Gerontol. 1992;47:M56-M58.
43. van Dam I, Fast J, de Boo T, Hopman J, van Oort A, Heringa A, Alsters J, van der Werf T, Daniëls O. Normal diastolic filling patterns of the left ventricle. Eur Heart J. 1988;9:165-171.
44. Oniki T, Hashimoto Y, Shimizu S, Kakuta T, Yajima M, Numano F. Effect of increasing heart rate on Doppler indices of left ventricular performance in healthy men. Br Heart J. 1992;68:425-429.
45. Yamamoto K, Mastryama T, Tanouchi J, Doi Y, Kondo H, Hori M, Kitabatake A, Kamada T. Effects of heart rate on left ventricular filling dynamics: assessment from simultaneous recordings of pulsed Doppler transmitral flow velocity pattern and haemodynamic variables. Cardiovasc Res. 1993;27:935-941.
46. Missault L, Duprez D, Jordaens L, de Bruyzere M, Bonny K, Adang L, Clement D. Cardiac anatomy and diastolic filling in professional road cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993;66:405-408.
47. Bekaert I, Pannier JL, van de Weghe C, van Durme JP, Clement DL, Pannier R. Non-invasive evaluation of cardiac function in professional cyclists. Br Heart J. 1981;45:213-218.
48. Galanti G, Comeglio M, Vmci M, Cappelli B, Vono MC, Bamoshmoosh M. Echocardiographic Doppler evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in athlets hyperrophined hearts J Vasc Dis. 1993;44:341-346.
49. Douglasa PS. O'Toole ML. Hiller WDB. Reichek N. Left ventricular structure and function by echocardiography in ultraendurance athlets. Am J Cardiol 1986;58:805-809.
50. Finkelhor RS. Hank LJ. Bahler RC. Left ventricular filling on endurance-trained subjects J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;8:289-293.
51. Colan SD. Sanders SO. Macophersin D. Borow KM Left ventriculardiastolic function in elite athels with phystologic cardiac hypertrophy. JAm Coll Cardiol 1985;6:545-549.
52. Pearson AC. Schiff M. Mrosek D, Labovitz AJ. Williams GA Left ventricular diastolic function in weight lifters. Am J Cardiol 1986;58: 1254-1259.
53. van den Broeke C. Fagard R, Left ventrivular structure and function. assessd by imagimg and doppler echcardiography in athlets engaed in throwing events int J Sports Med 1988;9:407-411.
54. Granger CB. Karimeddini MK. Smith V, Shapiro HR Kartz AM. Riba Al. Raspid ventricular filling in left ventricular hypertrophy, I: physiologic hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:862-868.
55. Lewis JF. Spirito P. Pellica A, Maron BJ, Usefulness of Doppler echocardiographic assessment of diastolic fiiling in distinguing athlete's heart from hypertriphic cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J. 1992;68: 296-300.
56. Fargard R. van den Broeke C, Vanhes L, Staessen J. Amery A. Noninvasive assessment of systolic and diastolic left ventricular in female runners Eur Heart J. 1987;8:1305-1311.
57. Nixon JV. Wright AR. Prtyer TR. Roy V, Arrowed Ja Effects of exercise on left ventricular diastolic perfomence in trained athles Am J Cardiol 1991;68:945-949.
58. Zhang J. Merkle H, Hendrich K, Garwood M. From Ugurbil K, Bache RJ. Bioenergic abnormalities associated with severe left ventricualr hypertrophy. J Clin Invest 1993;92:993-1003.
59. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lancet 1991; 338:973-976.
60. Hardy CJ. Weis RG, Bottomley PA. Gerstenblith G. Altered myocardiol high-energy phosphate metabolites on patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J. 1991;122:795-801.
61. Miler DD.Walsh RA In vivo pjosphoros-31 NMR spectroscopy of abnormal myocardial high-energy phosphate metabolism during cardiac stress in hypertensive-hypertrophied non-human primates. Int J Cardiac Imaging 1990/1991;6:57-70.
62. Bache RJ. Zhang J. Path G, Merkle H. Hendrich K. From AHL Ugurbil K. High-energy phospahte responses to tachycardia and inotropic stimulation in left ventrivular hypertrophy. Am J Physiol 1994;266: H1959-H1970.
63. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance Cardioscience 1992;3:233-239.
64. Kuno S, Ogawa T, Katsuta S, Itai Y. In vivo human myocardial metabolism during aerobic exercise by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1994;69:488-491.
65. Conway MA, Bristow JD, Blackledge MJ, Rajagopolan B, Radda GK. Cardiac metabolism during exercise in healthy volunteers measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Br Heart J. 1991;63:25-30.
66. Massie BM, Schaefer S, Garcia J, McKirnan D, Schwartz GG, Wisneski JA, Weiner MW, White FC. Myocardial high-energy phosphate and substrate metabolism in swine with moderate left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation. 1995;91:1814-1823.
67. Massie BM, Schwartz GG, Garcia J, Wisneski JA, Weiner MW, Owens T. Myocardial metabolism during increased work states in the porcine left ventricle in vivo. Circ Res. 1994;74:64-73.
68. Bortomley PA. The trouble with spectroscopy papers. Radiology. 1991;181:344-350.
69. Lamb HJ, Beyerbacht HP, Ouwerkerk R, Doornbos J, Pluim BM, van der Laarse A, de Roos A. Metabolic response of normal human myocardium to high dose atropinedobutamine stress studied by P-MRS. Circulation. In press.
70. Diamond GA, Forrester JS. Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:1350-1358.