메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 3-4, 2003, Pages 151-167

Neuroethological concepts and their transfer to walking machines

Author keywords

Active sensor; Adaptive behavior; Artificial neural network; Central pattern generator; Decentralization; Forward model; Motor primitive; Postural reflex

Indexed keywords

FEEDBACK; NEURAL NETWORKS; SELF ORGANIZING MAPS; SENSORS;

EID: 19244371149     PISSN: 02783649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/027836403128964917     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (32)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0035130141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of sensory signals from the insect coxa-trochanteral joint in contolling motor activity of the femur-tibia joint
    • Akay, T., Bässler, U., Gerharz, P., and Büschges, A. 2001. The role of sensory signals from the insect coxa-trochanteral joint in contolling motor activity of the femur-tibia joint. Journal of Neurophysiology 85:594-604.
    • (2001) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.85 , pp. 594-604
    • Akay, T.1    Bässler, U.2    Gerharz, P.3    Büschges, A.4
  • 3
    • 0032102058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern generation for stick insect walking movements - Multisensory control of a locomotor program
    • Bässler, U., and Büschges, A. 1998. Pattern generation for stick insect walking movements - multisensory control of a locomotor program. Brain Research Reviews 27:65-88.
    • (1998) Brain Research Reviews , vol.27 , pp. 65-88
    • Bässler, U.1    Büschges, A.2
  • 5
    • 0026324206 scopus 로고
    • Computations underlying the execution of movement: A biological perspective
    • Bizzi, E., Mussa-Ivaldi, F. A., and Giszter, S. F. 1991. Computations underlying the execution of movement: a biological perspective. Science 253:287-291.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 287-291
    • Bizzi, E.1    Mussa-Ivaldi, F.A.2    Giszter, S.F.3
  • 7
    • 0016725464 scopus 로고
    • The control of walking in the scorpion. I. Leg movements during normal walking
    • Bowerman, R.F. 1975. The control of walking in the scorpion. I. Leg movements during normal walking. Journal of Comparative Physiology 100:183-196.
    • (1975) Journal of Comparative Physiology , vol.100 , pp. 183-196
    • Bowerman, R.F.1
  • 8
    • 0000487755 scopus 로고
    • A robot that walks: Emergent behaviors from a carefully evolved network
    • Brooks, R. A. 1989. A robot that walks: Emergent behaviors from a carefully evolved network. Neural Computation 1:253-262.
    • (1989) Neural Computation , vol.1 , pp. 253-262
    • Brooks, R.A.1
  • 9
    • 0002439923 scopus 로고
    • Intelligence without reason
    • Sydney, Australia
    • Brooks, R. A. 1991. Intelligence without reason. In IJCAI-91, Sydney, Australia, 569-595.
    • (1991) IJCAI-91 , pp. 569-595
    • Brooks, R.A.1
  • 10
    • 0028050985 scopus 로고
    • Identified nonspiking interneurons in leg reflexes and during walking in the stick insect
    • Büschges, A., Kittmann, R., and Schmitz, J. 1994. Identified nonspiking interneurons in leg reflexes and during walking in the stick insect. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 174:685-700.
    • (1994) Journal of Comparative Physiology A , vol.174 , pp. 685-700
    • Büschges, A.1    Kittmann, R.2    Schmitz, J.3
  • 11
    • 0033105991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-frequency steering maneuvers mediated by tactile cues: Antennal wall-following in the cockroach
    • Camhi, J. M., and Johnson, E. N. 1999. High-frequency steering maneuvers mediated by tactile cues: antennal wall-following in the cockroach. Journal of Experimental Biology 202:631-643.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.202 , pp. 631-643
    • Camhi, J.M.1    Johnson, E.N.2
  • 12
    • 0013694128 scopus 로고
    • Decapod crustacean leg coordination during walking
    • Herreid, C. F., and Fourtner, C. R., eds, Plenum Press, New York
    • Clarac, F. 1982. Decapod crustacean leg coordination during walking. In Herreid, C. F., and Fourtner, C. R., eds, Locomotion and Energetics in Arthropods, Plenum Press, New York, 31-71.
    • (1982) Locomotion and Energetics in Arthropods , pp. 31-71
    • Clarac, F.1
  • 13
    • 0017077215 scopus 로고
    • The control of body position in the stick insect (Carausius morosus), when walking over uneven surfaces
    • Cruse, H. 1976. The control of body position in the stick insect (Carausius morosus), when walking over uneven surfaces. Biological Cybernetics 24:25-33.
    • (1976) Biological Cybernetics , vol.24 , pp. 25-33
    • Cruse, H.1
  • 14
    • 84981611599 scopus 로고
    • The control of the anterior extreme position of the hindleg of a walking insect, Carausius morosus
    • Cruse, H. 1979. The control of the anterior extreme position of the hindleg of a walking insect, Carausius morosus. Physiological Entomology 4:121-124.
    • (1979) Physiological Entomology , vol.4 , pp. 121-124
    • Cruse, H.1
  • 15
    • 0025174648 scopus 로고
    • What mechanisms coordinate leg movement in walking arthropods?
    • Cruse, H. 1990. What mechanisms coordinate leg movement in walking arthropods? Trends in Neurosciences 13:15-21.
    • (1990) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.13 , pp. 15-21
    • Cruse, H.1
  • 16
    • 0036550545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional sense of central oscillations in walking
    • Cruse, H. 2002. The functional sense of central oscillations in walking. Biological Cybernetics 86:271-280.
    • (2002) Biological Cybernetics , vol.86 , pp. 271-280
    • Cruse, H.1
  • 17
    • 55249087975 scopus 로고
    • Movement of joint angles in the legs of a walking insect, Carausius morosus
    • Cruse, H., and Battling, C. 1995. Movement of joint angles in the legs of a walking insect, Carausius morosus. Journal of Insect Physiology 41:761-771.
    • (1995) Journal of Insect Physiology , vol.41 , pp. 761-771
    • Cruse, H.1    Battling, C.2
  • 19
    • 84957799074 scopus 로고
    • High-pass filtered positive feedback for decentralized control of cooperation
    • Moran, F., Moreno, A., Merelo, J. J., and Chacon, P., eds, Springer, Berlin
    • Cruse, H., Bartling, C., and Kindermann, T. 1995b. High-pass filtered positive feedback for decentralized control of cooperation. In Moran, F., Moreno, A., Merelo, J. J., and Chacon, P., eds, Advances in Artificial Life, Springer, Berlin, 668-678.
    • (1995) Advances in Artificial Life , pp. 668-678
    • Cruse, H.1    Bartling, C.2    Kindermann, T.3
  • 20
    • 0009822865 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral influences on the movement of the legs in a walking insect Carausius morosus
    • Cruse, H., and Epstein, S. 1982. Peripheral influences on the movement of the legs in a walking insect Carausius morosus. Journal of Experimental Biology 101:161-170.
    • (1982) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.101 , pp. 161-170
    • Cruse, H.1    Epstein, S.2
  • 21
    • 0032192336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walknet - A biologically inspired network to control six-legged walking
    • Cruse, H., Kindermann, T., Schumm, M., Dean, J., and Schmitz, J. 1998. Walknet - A biologically inspired network to control six-legged walking. Neural Networks 11:1435-1447.
    • (1998) Neural Networks , vol.11 , pp. 1435-1447
    • Cruse, H.1    Kindermann, T.2    Schumm, M.3    Dean, J.4    Schmitz, J.5
  • 22
    • 0000526989 scopus 로고
    • Coupling mechanisms between the contralateral legs of a walking insect (Carausius morosus)
    • Cruse, H., and Knauth, A. 1989. Coupling mechanisms between the contralateral legs of a walking insect (Carausius morosus). Journal of Experimental Biology 144:199-213.
    • (1989) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.144 , pp. 199-213
    • Cruse, H.1    Knauth, A.2
  • 23
    • 0001350993 scopus 로고
    • Two coupling mechanisms which determine the coordination of ipsilateral legs in the walking crayfish
    • Cruse, H., and Müller, U. 1986. Two coupling mechanisms which determine the coordination of ipsilateral legs in the walking crayfish. Journal of Experimental Biology 121:349-369.
    • (1986) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.121 , pp. 349-369
    • Cruse, H.1    Müller, U.2
  • 25
    • 0001442275 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of coupling between the ipsilateral legs of a walking insect (Carausius morosus)
    • Cruse, H., and Schwarze, W. 1988. Mechanisms of coupling between the ipsilateral legs of a walking insect (Carausius morosus). Journal of Experimental Biology 138:455-469.
    • (1988) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.138 , pp. 455-469
    • Cruse, H.1    Schwarze, W.2
  • 26
    • 4243357073 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration de pattes á la place d'antennes sectionnées chez un phasme
    • Cuénot, L. 1921. Regeneration de pattes á la place d'antennes sectionnées chez un Phasme. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris 172:949-952.
    • (1921) Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris , vol.172 , pp. 949-952
    • Cuénot, L.1
  • 27
    • 0002720353 scopus 로고
    • Stick insect locomotion on a walking wheel: Interleg coordination of leg position
    • Dean, J., and Wendler, G. 1983. Stick insect locomotion on a walking wheel: interleg coordination of leg position. Journal of Expérimental Biology 103:75-94.
    • (1983) Journal of Expérimental Biology , vol.103 , pp. 75-94
    • Dean, J.1    Wendler, G.2
  • 28
    • 0019296395 scopus 로고
    • Neural basis of rhythmic behavior in animals
    • Delcomyn, F. 1980. Neural basis of rhythmic behavior in animals. Science 210:492-498.
    • (1980) Science , vol.210 , pp. 492-498
    • Delcomyn, F.1
  • 29
    • 0023446059 scopus 로고
    • Motor activity during searching and walking movements of cockroach legs
    • Delcomyn, F. 1987. Motor activity during searching and walking movements of cockroach legs. Journal of Experimental Biology 133:111-120.
    • (1987) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.133 , pp. 111-120
    • Delcomyn, F.1
  • 31
    • 4243639069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grasping movements in an insect: Effects of tactile cues and step cycle phase
    • Dürr, V. 2000. Grasping movements in an insect: Effects of tactile cues and step cycle phase. European Journal of Neuroscience 12(Suppl. 11): 150.
    • (2000) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 11 , pp. 150
    • Dürr, V.1
  • 32
    • 0035745051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotypie leg searching-movements in the stick insect: Kinematic analysis, behavioral context and simulation
    • Dürr, V. 2001. Stereotypie leg searching-movements in the stick insect: Kinematic analysis, behavioral context and simulation. Journal of Experimental Biology 204:1589-1604.
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.204 , pp. 1589-1604
    • Dürr, V.1
  • 33
    • 0035049799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antennal motor system of the stick insect Carausius morosus: Anatomy and antennal movement pattern during walking
    • Dürr, V., König, Y., and Kittmann, R. 2001. The antennal motor system of the stick insect Carausius morosus: Anatomy and antennal movement pattern during walking. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 187:131-144.
    • (2001) Journal of Comparative Physiology A , vol.187 , pp. 131-144
    • Dürr, V.1    König, Y.2    Kittmann, R.3
  • 34
    • 0037586935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of a biomimetic active tactile sensor for legged locomotion
    • Bidaud, P., and Ben Amar, F., eds, Paris, France. Professional Engineering Publishing, London
    • Dürr, V., and Krause, A. 2002. Design of a biomimetic active tactile sensor for legged locomotion. In Bidaud, P., and Ben Amar, F., eds, Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Climbing and Walking Robots, CLAWAR 2002, Paris, France. Professional Engineering Publishing, London, 255-262.
    • (2002) Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Climbing and Walking Robots, CLAWAR 2002 , pp. 255-262
    • Dürr, V.1    Krause, A.2
  • 35
    • 0033119543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty years of a command neuron: The neurobiology of escape behavior in the crayfish
    • Edwards, D. H., Heitler, W. J., and Krasne, F. B. 1999. Fifty years of a command neuron: the neurobiology of escape behavior in the crayfish. Trends in Neurosciences 22:153-161.
    • (1999) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.22 , pp. 153-161
    • Edwards, D.H.1    Heitler, W.J.2    Krasne, F.B.3
  • 37
    • 84976980657 scopus 로고
    • The neural control of fish swimming studied through numerical simulation
    • Ekeberg, Ö., Lansner, A., and Grillner, S. 1995. The neural control of fish swimming studied through numerical simulation. Adaptive Behavior 3:363-384.
    • (1995) Adaptive Behavior , vol.3 , pp. 363-384
    • Ekeberg, Ö.1    Lansner, A.2    Grillner, S.3
  • 38
    • 0030188709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologically based distributed control and local reflexes improve rough terrain locomotion in a hexapod robot
    • Espenschied, K. S., Quinn, R. D., Beer, R. D., and Chiel, H. J. 1996. Biologically based distributed control and local reflexes improve rough terrain locomotion in a hexapod robot. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 18:59-64.
    • (1996) Robotics and Autonomous Systems , vol.18 , pp. 59-64
    • Espenschied, K.S.1    Quinn, R.D.2    Beer, R.D.3    Chiel, H.J.4
  • 39
    • 84976933227 scopus 로고
    • Leg coordination mechanisms in stick in stick applied to hexapod robot locomotion
    • Espenschied, K. S., Quinn, R. D., Chiel, H. J., and Beer, R. D. 1993. Leg coordination mechanisms in stick in stick applied to hexapod robot locomotion. Adaptive Behavior 1:455-468.
    • (1993) Adaptive Behavior , vol.1 , pp. 455-468
    • Espenschied, K.S.1    Quinn, R.D.2    Chiel, H.J.3    Beer, R.D.4
  • 40
    • 0037586934 scopus 로고
    • Crustacean walking
    • Stein, R. B., Pearson, K. G., Smith, R. S., and Redford, J. B., eds, Plenum Press, New York
    • Evoy, W., and Fourtner, C. R. 1973. Crustacean walking. In Stein, R. B., Pearson, K. G., Smith, R. S., and Redford, J. B., eds, Control of Posture and Locomotion, Plenum Press, New York, 477-493.
    • (1973) Control of Posture and Locomotion , pp. 477-493
    • Evoy, W.1    Fourtner, C.R.2
  • 41
    • 0035181664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg. I. Coordination of motor activity
    • Fischer, H., Schmidt, J., Haas, R., and Büschges, A. 2001. Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg. I. Coordination of motor activity. Journal of Neurophysiology 85:341-353.
    • (2001) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.85 , pp. 341-353
    • Fischer, H.1    Schmidt, J.2    Haas, R.3    Büschges, A.4
  • 42
    • 0345429852 scopus 로고
    • Neural control of a walking robot in variable terrain
    • Mailand, Italy
    • Frik, M., and Amendt, O. 1995. Neural control of a walking robot in variable terrain. In IFTOMM, Mailand, Italy, 2297-2301.
    • (1995) IFTOMM , pp. 2297-2301
    • Frik, M.1    Amendt, O.2
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0038262348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatable spatial maps of a few force and joint torque patterns by microstimulation applied throughout the lumbar spinal cord of the spinal frog
    • Giszter, S. F., Loeb, E., Mussa-Ivaldi, F. A., and Bizzi, E. 2000. Repeatable spatial maps of a few force and joint torque patterns by microstimulation applied throughout the lumbar spinal cord of the spinal frog. Human Movement Science 19:597-626.
    • (2000) Human Movement Science , vol.19 , pp. 597-626
    • Giszter, S.F.1    Loeb, E.2    Mussa-Ivaldi, F.A.3    Bizzi, E.4
  • 46
    • 0002291169 scopus 로고
    • Pattern and control of walking in insects
    • Graham, D. 1985. Pattern and control of walking in insects. Advances in Insect Physiology 18:31-140.
    • (1985) Advances in Insect Physiology , vol.18 , pp. 31-140
    • Graham, D.1
  • 48
    • 0032552114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal-dependent noise determines motor planning
    • Harris, C. M., and Wolpert, D. M. 1998. Signal-dependent noise determines motor planning. Nature 394:780-784.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 780-784
    • Harris, C.M.1    Wolpert, D.M.2
  • 50
    • 0029786380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A descending brain neuron elicits stridulation in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (de Geer)
    • Hedwig, B. 1996. A descending brain neuron elicits stridulation in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus (de Geer). Naturwissenschaften 83:428-429.
    • (1996) Naturwissenschaften , vol.83 , pp. 428-429
    • Hedwig, B.1
  • 51
    • 0039296206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Singing and hearing: Neuronal mechanisms of acoustic communication in Orthopterans
    • Hedwig, B. 2001. Singing and hearing: Neuronal mechanisms of acoustic communication in Orthopterans. Zoology 103:140-149.
    • (2001) Zoology , vol.103 , pp. 140-149
    • Hedwig, B.1
  • 52
    • 0000346348 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary note on a new optomotor response in crickets: Antennal tracking of moving targets
    • Honegger, H.-W. 1981. A preliminary note on a new optomotor response in crickets: Antennal tracking of moving targets. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 142:419-421.
    • (1981) Journal of Comparative Physiology A , vol.142 , pp. 419-421
    • Honegger, H.-W.1
  • 54
    • 0036533031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MMC - A new numerical approach to the kinematics of complex manipulators
    • Kindermann, T., and Cruse, H. 2002. MMC - A new numerical approach to the kinematics of complex manipulators. Mechanism and Machine Theory 37:375-394.
    • (2002) Mechanism and Machine Theory , vol.37 , pp. 375-394
    • Kindermann, T.1    Cruse, H.2
  • 56
    • 0035960727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements
    • Marder, E., and Bucher, D. 2001. Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements. Current Biology 11:R986-R996.
    • (2001) Current Biology , vol.11
    • Marder, E.1    Bucher, D.2
  • 62
    • 0021442082 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of leg movements and patterns of coordination in locusts walking on rough terrain
    • Pearson, K. G., and Franklin, R. 1984. Characteristics of leg movements and patterns of coordination in locusts walking on rough terrain. International Journal of Robotics Research 3:101-112.
    • (1984) International Journal of Robotics Research , vol.3 , pp. 101-112
    • Pearson, K.G.1    Franklin, R.2
  • 63
    • 85014929307 scopus 로고
    • Obstacle perception by insect antennae during terrestrial locomotion
    • Pelletier, Y., and McLeod, C. D. 1994. Obstacle perception by insect antennae during terrestrial locomotion. Physiological Entomology 19:360-362.
    • (1994) Physiological Entomology , vol.19 , pp. 360-362
    • Pelletier, Y.1    McLeod, C.D.2
  • 66
    • 0001514344 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative analysis of rhythmic leg movements during three different behaviors in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana
    • Reingold, S.C., and Camhi, J.M. 1977. A quantitative analysis of rhythmic leg movements during three different behaviors in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Journal of Insect Physiology 23:1407-1420.
    • (1977) Journal of Insect Physiology , vol.23 , pp. 1407-1420
    • Reingold, S.C.1    Camhi, J.M.2
  • 68
    • 0000247718 scopus 로고
    • The treading-on-tarsus reflex in stick insects: Phase-dependence and modifications of the motor output during walking
    • Schmitz, J., and Haßfeld, G. 1989. The treading-on-tarsus reflex in stick insects: phase-dependence and modifications of the motor output during walking. Journal of Experimental Biology 143:373-388.
    • (1989) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.143 , pp. 373-388
    • Schmitz, J.1    Haßfeld, G.2
  • 69
    • 0035186136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg. II. Control of motoneuronal activity
    • Schmidt, J., Fischer, H., and Büschges, A. 2001. Pattern generation for walking and searching movements of a stick insect leg. II. Control of motoneuronal activity. Journal of Neurophysiology 85:354-361.
    • (2001) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.85 , pp. 354-361
    • Schmidt, J.1    Fischer, H.2    Büschges, A.3
  • 70
    • 0000950523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A holistic model for an internal representation to control the movement of a manipulator with redundant degrees of freedom
    • Steinkühler, U., and Cruse, H. 1998. A holistic model for an internal representation to control the movement of a manipulator with redundant degrees of freedom. Biological Cybernetics 79:457-466.
    • (1998) Biological Cybernetics , vol.79 , pp. 457-466
    • Steinkühler, U.1    Cruse, H.2
  • 72
    • 0034130538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-joint coordination during walking and foothold searching in the Blaberus cockroach. I. Kinematics and electromyograms
    • Tryba, A. K., and Ritzmann, R. E. 2000a. Multi-joint coordination during walking and foothold searching in the Blaberus cockroach. I. Kinematics and electromyograms. Journal of Neurophysiology 83:3323-3336.
    • (2000) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.83 , pp. 3323-3336
    • Tryba, A.K.1    Ritzmann, R.E.2
  • 73
    • 0034131160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-joint coordination during walking and foothold searching in the Blaberus cockroach. II. Extensor motor neuron pattern
    • Tryba, A. K., and Ritzmann, R. E. 2000b. Multi-joint coordination during walking and foothold searching in the Blaberus cockroach. II. Extensor motor neuron pattern. Journal of Neurophysiology 83:3337-3350.
    • (2000) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.83 , pp. 3337-3350
    • Tryba, A.K.1    Ritzmann, R.E.2
  • 76
    • 34347143622 scopus 로고
    • Über relative koordination bei arthropoden
    • von Holst, E. 1943. Über relative Koordination bei Arthropoden. Pflügers Arch. 246:847-865.
    • (1943) Pflügers Arch. , vol.246 , pp. 847-865
    • Von Holst, E.1
  • 78
    • 0001045337 scopus 로고
    • The central nervous control of locust flight
    • Wilson, D.M. 1961. The central nervous control of locust flight. Journal of Experimental Biology 38:471-490.
    • (1961) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.38 , pp. 471-490
    • Wilson, D.M.1
  • 79
    • 0028997313 scopus 로고
    • Nonspiking local interneurons in insect leg motor control. II. Role of nonspiking local interneurons in the control of leg swing during walking
    • Wolf, H., and Büschges, A. 1995. Nonspiking local interneurons in insect leg motor control. II. Role of nonspiking local interneurons in the control of leg swing during walking. Journal of Neurophysiology 73:1861-1875.
    • (1995) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.73 , pp. 1861-1875
    • Wolf, H.1    Büschges, A.2
  • 80
    • 0023117750 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of motor patterns in the intact and deafferented flight system of the locust. II. Intracellular recordings from flight motoneurons
    • Wolf, H., and Pearson, K. G. 1987. Comparison of motor patterns in the intact and deafferented flight system of the locust. II. Intracellular recordings from flight motoneurons. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 160:269-279.
    • (1987) Journal of Comparative Physiology A , vol.160 , pp. 269-279
    • Wolf, H.1    Pearson, K.G.2
  • 81
    • 0023940145 scopus 로고
    • Proprioceptive input patterns elevator activity in the locust flight system
    • Wolf, H., and Pearson, K. G. 1988. Proprioceptive input patterns elevator activity in the locust flight system. Journal of Neurophysiology 59:1831-1853.
    • (1988) Journal of Neurophysiology , vol.59 , pp. 1831-1853
    • Wolf, H.1    Pearson, K.G.2
  • 82
  • 83
    • 0022405574 scopus 로고
    • Tactile localisation: The function of active antennal movements in the crayfish Cherax destructor
    • Zeil, J., Sandeman, R., and Sandeman, D. C. 1985. Tactile localisation: the function of active antennal movements in the crayfish Cherax destructor. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 157:607-617.
    • (1985) Journal of Comparative Physiology A , vol.157 , pp. 607-617
    • Zeil, J.1    Sandeman, R.2    Sandeman, D.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.