Global maternal mortality: Contributing factors and strategies for change

MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 184-194

  Callister, Lynn Clark ^a,b  

^a BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MCN's Editorial Board ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FOLIC ACID; IRON; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; RETINOL; ZINC;

ABORTION; BLEEDING; CHILDBIRTH; CHINESE; CONTRACEPTION; CULTURAL FACTOR; DYSTOCIA; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; INFECTION; LIFESTYLE; MATERNAL CARE; MATERNAL HYPERTENSION; MATERNAL MORTALITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREGNANCY; RELIGION; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

CAUSE OF DEATH; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; MATERNAL MORTALITY; MATERNAL WELFARE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; WOMEN'S HEALTH; WORLD HEALTH; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 19044364170     PISSN: 0361929X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005721-200505000-00006     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. AbouZahr, C. (2003). Global burden of maternal death and disability. British Medical Bulletin, 6, 1-11.
2. AbouZahr, C., & Wardlaw, T. (2001). Maternal mortality at the end of a decade: Signs of progress? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(6), 561-573.
3. Akukwe, C. (2000). Maternal and child health services in the 21st century: Critical issues, challenges, and opportunities. Health Care for Women International, 21, 641-653.
4. American College of Nurse Midwives. (2004). ACNM Department of Global Outreach. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.midwife.org/dgo/.
5. Berry, R. J., Li, Z., Erickson, J. D., Li, S., Moore, C. A., Wang, H., et al. (1999). Prevention of neural-tube defects with folic acid in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 341, 1485-1490.
6. Black, R. (2003). Micronutrient deficiency - An underlying cause of morbidity and mortality. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81(2), 79.
7. Bulatao, R. A., & Ross, J. A. (2001). Dimensions of ratings of maternal and neonatal health services: A factor analysis. Chap Hill: University of North Carolina. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/ measure/publications/workingpapers/wp0140.pdf.
8. Bulatao, R. A., & Ross, J. A. (2002). Rating maternal and neonatal health services in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80, 721-727.
9. Bulatao, R. A., & Ross, J. A. (2003). Which health services reduce maternal mortality? Ratings of maternal health services. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 8(8), 710-721.
10. Bruce, J. C. (2002). Marrying modern health practices and technology with traditional practices: Issues for the African continent. International Nursing Review, 49, 161-167.
11. Callister, L. C. (In press). Mexican immigrant childbearing women: Social support and perinatal outcomes. In R. Crane & E. Marshall (Eds.), Families in poverty: An interdisciplinary approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
12. Callister, L. C., & Vega, R. (1998). Giving birth: Guatemalan women's voices. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 27, 289-295.
13. Callister, L. C., & Birkhead, A. (2002). Acculturation and perinatal outcomes in Mexican immigrant childbearing women. Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 16(3), 22-38.
14. Callister, L. C. (2005). Making meaning: Women's birth narratives. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 33(4), 508-518.
15. Callister, L. C., Birkhead, A., Crookston, L. M., & Vega, R. (2005). Perinatal outcomes in Mexican immigrant women giving birth in Utah. In press.
16. Centers for Disease Control, Division of Reproductive Health, Safe Motherhood Initiative. (2001). Strategies to reduce pregnancy-related deaths: From identification and review to action. Atlanta, GA: Author.
17. Cook, R. J., & Dickens, B. M. (2002). Human rights to safe motherhood. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 76(2), 228-235.
18. Duley, L., Gulmezoglu, A. M., & Henderson-Smart, D. J. (2003). Magnesium sulfate and other anticonvulsants for women with pre-eclampsia (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 2003(4). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
19. Ehlers, V. (1999). Women and population control in African countries. In L. Fernandez-Heber & T. George (Eds.), International perspectives on women, health, and culture (pp. 81-86). Snow Hill, England: Quay Books.
20. Frankenberg, E., & Thomas, D. (2001). Women's health and pregnancy outcomes: Do services make a difference? Demography, 38, 253-265.
21. Fransen, L. (2003). The impact of inequality on the health of mothers. Midwifery, 19(2), 79-81.
22. Gennaro, S., Thyangathyanga, D., Kershbaumer, R., & Thompson, J. (2001). Health promotion and risk reduction in Malawi, Africa village women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 30, 224-230.
23. Geller, S. E., Rosenberg, E., Cox, S. M., Brown, M. L., Simonson, L., Driscoll, C. A., et al. (2004). The continuum of maternal morbidity and mortality. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 191, 939-944.
24. Gennaro, S., Dugyi, E., Doud, J. M., & Kershbaumer, R. (2002). Health promotion for childbearing women in Ruwanda, Uganda. Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 16(3), 39-50.
25. Germain, A. (2004). Reproductive health and human rights. The Lancet, 363, January 3, 2004. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.thelancet.com.
26. Hutchins, E., Grason, H., & Handler, A. (2004). FIMR and other mortality reviews as public health tools for strengthening maternal and child health systems in communities. Maternal and Child Health, 8, 259-269.
27. Initiative for Maternal Mortality Program Assessment (IMMPACT). (2003). IMPACT Annual Review 2003. Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.abdn.ac.uk/dugaldbairdcentre/immpact.
28. International Council of Nurses. (2004). The Girl Child Project. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.fnif.org/girlproject.htm.
29. Kadandara, J. (1994). Women's health: A must for development. Geneva: World Health Global Commission on Women's Health.
30. Katz, J., West, K. E. P., Kahtry, S. K., Christian, P., Le Clerq, S. C., Pradhan, K., et al. (2003). Risk factors for early infant mortality in Sariahi district, Nepal. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81, 717-725.
31. Khalaf, I., & Callister, L. C. (1997). Cultural meanings of childbirth: Muslim women living in Jordan. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 15, 373-388.
32. Koblinsky, M. A., Campbell, O., & Heichelheim, J. (1999). Organizing delivery care: What works for safe motherhood? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 77, 399-406.
33. Labonte, R., & Siegel, J. (2003). Setting global health research priorities. British Medical Journal, 326, 722-723.
34. Lewis, G. (2003). Beyond the numbers: Reviewing maternal deaths to make pregnancy safer. British Medical Bulletin, 6, 27-37.
35. Meleis, A. (2003). Theoretical considerations of health care for immigrant and minority women. In P. F. Hill, J. G. Lipson, & A. I. Meleis (Eds.), Caring for women cross-culturally (pp. 1-10). Philadelphia: FA Davis
36. Meyers, S. L. (2003). Russia retreats from fifty years of permissive law. International Herald Tribune, August 26, 2003. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.iht.com/articles/107657.html.
37. Murray, S. F. (1999). Maternal mortality: Piecing information together. RCM Midwives Journal, 1999, 152-154.
38. O'Heir, J. (2004). Pregnancy and childbirth care following conflict and displacement: Care for refugee women in low-resource settings. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health, 49(4), 14-18.
39. Peters, M. (2000). Safe Motherhood beyond the year 2000: A global perspective. Midwifery, 16(1), 2-7.
40. Rana, A., Pradhan, N., Gurung, G., & Singh, M. (2004). Induced septic abortion: A major factor in maternal mortality and morbidity. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 30(1), 3-8.
41. Regional Prevention of Maternal Mortality Network. (2004). Objectives of the Regional Prevention of Maternal Mortality Network. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.rpmm.org/objectives.htm.
42. Robinson, J. J. A., & Wharrad, H. (2001). The relationship between attendance at birth and maternal mortality rates: An exploration of United Nations' data sets including the ratios of physicians and nurses to population, GNP per capita and female literacy. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(4), 445-455.
43. Shiffman, J. (2000). Can poor countries surmount high maternal mortality? Studies in Family Planning, 31, 274-289.
44. Sloan, N. L., Langer, A., Hernandez, B., Romero, M., & Winikoff, B. (2001). The etiology of maternal mortality in developing countries: What do verbal autopsies tell us? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(9), 805-810.
45. Stanton, C., Hobcraft, J., Hill, K., Kodjogbe, N., Mapeta, W. T., Munene, F., et al. (2001). Every death counts: Measurement of maternal mortality via a census. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(7), 657-664.
46. Starrs, A. (1998). The Safe Motherhood Action agenda: Priorities for the next decade. New York: Family Care International.
47. Stevens, R. D. (2000). Safe motherhood: An insight into maternal mortality in the developing world. Health for the Millions, 26(3), 34-37.
48. Tabi, M. M., & Frimpong, S. (2003). HIV infection of women in African countries. International Nursing Review, 50, 242-250.
49. Tsu, V. D. (2004). New and underused technologies to reduce maternal mortality. The Lancet, 363, January 3, 2004, pp. 75-76. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.thelancet.com.
50. Tsu, V. D., Sutanto, A., Vaidya, K., Coffey, P., & Widjaya, A. (2003). Oxytocin in pre-filled Uniject injection devices for managing third-stage labor in Indonesia. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 83, 103-111.
51. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). (2003). Africa's orphaned generations. New York: Author. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.unicef.org/media/files/orphans.pdf.
52. United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2002). Sub-Saharan Africa: Fact sheet 2002. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.unaids.org.
53. United Nations Family Planning Agency. (2003). State of world population, 2003: Investing in adolescents' health and rights. New York: Author.
54. United Nations. (2004). Millennium development goals. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.un.org/milleniumgoals.com.
55. White, P. M. (2002). Crossing the river: Khmer women's perceptions of pregnancy and postpartum. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health, 47(4), 239-246.
56. Williams, M. A., & Mittendorf, R. (2000). Maternal mortality. In M. G. Goldman & M. C. Hatch (Eds.), Women and health (pp. 171-195). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
57. Winkvist, A., & Akhtar, H. Z. (2000). God should give daughters to rich families only: Attitudes toward childbearing among low-income women in Punjab, Pakistan. Social Science and Medicine, 51, 73-81.
58. World Bank. (2000). World development indicators database. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/GNPPC.pdf.
59. World Health Organization. (1992). International statistical classifications of diseases and related health problems. Tenth Revision. Geneva: Author.
60. World Health Organization. (1997a). Regional and global incidence of and mortality due to unsafe abortion. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/MSM_97_16/ MSM_97_16_chapter5.
61. World Health Organization. (1997b). The sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality: Guidance notes for potential users. Geneva: Author.
62. World Health Organization. (1998). Postpartum care of the mother and newborn: A practical guide. Geneva: Author. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/MSM_98_3/msm_98_3_4.html.
63. World Health Organization. (1999). Reduction of maternal mortality: A joint WHO/UNFPA/UNIEF World Bank statement. Geneva: Author.
64. World Health Organization. (2000). Safe motherhood. Geneva: Author. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/ publications/interagency_manual_on_RH_in_refugee_situations/ch3.pdf.
65. World Health Organization. (2001). Maternal mortality in 2000: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA. Geneva: Author.
66. World Health Organization. (2002). World health report 2002 - Reducing risk, promoting healthy life. Geneva: Author. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://ww.who/reproductive-health/publications/maternal_mortality_2000/tables. html.
67. World Health Organization (2003, October 20). Maternal mortality report. Geneva: Author.
68. World Health Organization (2004). Beyond the numbers: Reviewing maternal deaths and complications to make pregnancy safer. Geneva: Author.
69. World Health Organization and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. (1996). Revised estimates of maternal mortality: A new approach by WHO and UNICEF Geneva: Author.
70. World Health Organization Making Pregnancy Safer Initiative. (2003). Success stories. Safe Motherhood Newsletter, 30(1), 1-16.
71. World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. (2002). Reducing maternal deaths: The challenge of the new millennium in the African region. Congo: Author. Retrieved January 27, 2005, from http://www.afro.who.int/drh/ index.html.
72. Yayla, M. (2003). Maternal mortality in developing countries. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 31(5), 386-391.