메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 208, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 1665-1676

Biomechanical consequences of scaling

Author keywords

Bone; Elastic savings; Muscle; Safety factor; Tendon stress

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; BIOMECHANICS; BIOPHYSICS; BODY SIZE; BONE; LOCOMOTION; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TENDON; VERTEBRATE;

EID: 18944395925     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01520     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (286)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 84985332613 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of a dog jumping (Canis familiaris)
    • Alexander, R. M. (1974). The mechanics of a dog jumping (Canis familiaris). J. Zool. Lond. 173, 549-573.
    • (1974) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.173 , pp. 549-573
    • Alexander, R.M.1
  • 2
    • 84985315692 scopus 로고
    • Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrews (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta)
    • Alexander, R. M. (1979). Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrews (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta). J. Zool. 189, 305-314.
    • (1979) J. Zool. , vol.189 , pp. 305-314
    • Alexander, R.M.1
  • 3
    • 0019543917 scopus 로고
    • Factors of safety in the structure of animals
    • Alexander, R. M. (1981). Factors of safety in the structure of animals. Sci. Prog. 67, 119-140.
    • (1981) Sci. Prog. , vol.67 , pp. 119-140
    • Alexander, R.M.1
  • 5
    • 84985315692 scopus 로고
    • Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrew (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta)
    • Alexander, R. M., Goldspink, G., Jayes, A. S., Maloiy, G. M. O. and Wathuta, E. M. (1979). Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrew (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta). J. Zool. Lond. 189, 305-314.
    • (1979) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.189 , pp. 305-314
    • Alexander, R.M.1    Goldspink, G.2    Jayes, A.S.3    Maloiy, G.M.O.4    Wathuta, E.M.5
  • 6
    • 84985349877 scopus 로고
    • A dynamic similarity hypothesis for the gaits of quadrupedal mammals
    • Alexander, R. M. and Jayes, A. S. (1983). A dynamic similarity hypothesis for the gaits of quadrupedal mammals. J. Zool. Lond. 201, 135-152.
    • (1983) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.201 , pp. 135-152
    • Alexander, R.M.1    Jayes, A.S.2
  • 7
    • 84985372477 scopus 로고
    • Fast locomotion of some African ungulates
    • Alexander, R. M., Langman, V. A. and Jayes, A. S. (1977). Fast locomotion of some African ungulates. J. Zool. Lond. 183, 291-300.
    • (1977) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.183 , pp. 291-300
    • Alexander, R.M.1    Langman, V.A.2    Jayes, A.S.3
  • 8
    • 84985372251 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of hopping by kangaroos (Macropodidae)
    • Alexander, R. M. and Vernon, A. (1975). The mechanics of hopping by kangaroos (Macropodidae). J. Zool. Lond. 177, 265-303.
    • (1975) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.177 , pp. 265-303
    • Alexander, R.M.1    Vernon, A.2
  • 10
    • 84985386695 scopus 로고
    • Fast locomotion of some kangaroos
    • Bennett, M. B. (1987). Fast locomotion of some kangaroos. J. Zool. Lond. 212, 457-464.
    • (1987) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.212 , pp. 457-464
    • Bennett, M.B.1
  • 11
    • 0028886617 scopus 로고
    • Scaling elastic strain energy in kangaroos and the benefits of being big
    • Bennett, M. B. and Taylor, G. C. (1995). Scaling elastic strain energy in kangaroos and the benefits of being big. Nature 378, 56-59.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 56-59
    • Bennett, M.B.1    Taylor, G.C.2
  • 12
    • 0025287742 scopus 로고
    • Differential scaling of the long bones in the terrestrial Carnivora and other mammals
    • Bertram, J. E. A. and Biewener, A. A. (1990). Differential scaling of the long bones in the terrestrial Carnivora and other mammals. J. Morph. 204, 157-169.
    • (1990) J. Morph. , vol.204 , pp. 157-169
    • Bertram, J.E.A.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 13
    • 0020143036 scopus 로고
    • Bone strength in small mammals and bipedal birds: Do safety factors change with body size?
    • Biewener, A. A. (1982). Bone strength in small mammals and bipedal birds: do safety factors change with body size? J. Exp. Biol. 98, 289-301.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.98 , pp. 289-301
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 14
    • 0020730233 scopus 로고
    • Locomotory stresses in the limb bones of two small mammals: The ground squirrel and chipmunk
    • Biewener, A. A. (1983). Locomotory stresses in the limb bones of two small mammals: the ground squirrel and chipmunk. J. Exp. Biol. 103, 135-154.
    • (1983) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.103 , pp. 135-154
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 15
    • 0024410483 scopus 로고
    • Scaling body support in mammals: Limb posture and muscle mechanics
    • Biewener, A. A. (1989). Scaling body support in mammals: limb posture and muscle mechanics. Science 245, 45-48.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 45-48
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 16
    • 0025574036 scopus 로고
    • Biomechanics of mammalian terrestrial locomotion
    • Biewener, A. A. (1990). Biomechanics of mammalian terrestrial locomotion. Science 250, 1097-1103.
    • (1990) Science , vol.250 , pp. 1097-1103
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 17
    • 0031827973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle-tendon stresses and elastic energy storage during locomotion in the horse
    • Biewener, A. A. (1998). Muscle-tendon stresses and elastic energy storage during locomotion in the horse. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 120, 73-87.
    • (1998) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.120 , pp. 73-87
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 18
    • 0842279150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
    • Biewener, A. A. (2003). Animal Locomotion. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
    • (2003) Animal Locomotion
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 19
    • 0028850727 scopus 로고
    • In vivo muscle force and elastic energy storage during steady-speed hopping of tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii)
    • Biewener, A. A. and Baudinette, R. V. (1995). In vivo muscle force and elastic energy storage during steady-speed hopping of tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). J. Exp. Biol. 198, 1829-1841.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 1829-1841
    • Biewener, A.A.1    Baudinette, R.V.2
  • 20
    • 0024114031 scopus 로고
    • Kangaroo rat locomotion: Design for elastic energy storage or acceleration?
    • Biewener, A. A. and Blickhan, R. (1988). Kangaroo rat locomotion: design for elastic energy storage or acceleration? J. Exp. Biol. 140, 243-255.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.140 , pp. 243-255
    • Biewener, A.A.1    Blickhan, R.2
  • 21
    • 0035746268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of mallard (Anas platyrynchos) gastrocnemius function during swimming versus terrestrial gait
    • Biewener, A. A. and Corning, W. R. (2001). Dynamics of mallard (Anas platyrynchos) gastrocnemius function during swimming versus terrestrial gait. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 1745-1756.
    • (2001) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.204 , pp. 1745-1756
    • Biewener, A.A.1    Corning, W.R.2
  • 22
    • 9244221123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle mechanical advantage of human walking and running: Implications for energy cost
    • Biewener, A. A., Farley, C. T., Roberts, T. J. and Temaner, M. (2004). Muscle mechanical advantage of human walking and running: implications for energy cost. J. appl. Physiol. 97, 2266-2274.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.97 , pp. 2266-2274
    • Biewener, A.A.1    Farley, C.T.2    Roberts, T.J.3    Temaner, M.4
  • 23
    • 0022959783 scopus 로고
    • Bone modeling during growth: Dynamic strain equilibrium in the chick tibiotarsus
    • Biewener, A. A., Swartz, S. M. and Bertram, J. E. A. (1986). Bone modeling during growth: dynamic strain equilibrium in the chick tibiotarsus. Calc. Tiss. Int. 39, 390-395.
    • (1986) Calc. Tiss. Int. , vol.39 , pp. 390-395
    • Biewener, A.A.1    Swartz, S.M.2    Bertram, J.E.A.3
  • 24
    • 0023276791 scopus 로고
    • Allometry of the limb bones of insectivores and rodents
    • Bou, J., Casinos, A. and Ocana, J. (1987). Allometry of the limb bones of insectivores and rodents. J. Morphol. 192, 113-123.
    • (1987) J. Morphol. , vol.192 , pp. 113-123
    • Bou, J.1    Casinos, A.2    Ocana, J.3
  • 26
    • 0024420261 scopus 로고
    • Bone creep-fatigue damage accumulation
    • Caler, W. E. and Carter, D. R. (1989). Bone creep-fatigue damage accumulation. J. Biomech. 22, 625-635.
    • (1989) J. Biomech. , vol.22 , pp. 625-635
    • Caler, W.E.1    Carter, D.R.2
  • 27
    • 84985407514 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal ontogeny of the musculo-skeletal system in the Black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus)
    • Carrier, D. R. (1983). Postnatal ontogeny of the musculo-skeletal system in the Black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus). J. Zool. Lond. 201, 27-55.
    • (1983) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.201 , pp. 27-55
    • Carrier, D.R.1
  • 28
    • 0023522742 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical loading history and skeletal biology
    • Carter, D. R. (1987). Mechanical loading history and skeletal biology. J. Biomech. 20, 1095-1107.
    • (1987) J. Biomech. , vol.20 , pp. 1095-1107
    • Carter, D.R.1
  • 29
    • 0020759033 scopus 로고
    • Cycle-dependent and time dependent bone fracture with repeated loading
    • Carter, D. R. and Caler, W. E. (1983). Cycle-dependent and time dependent bone fracture with repeated loading. J. Biomech. Eng. 105, 166-170.
    • (1983) J. Biomech. Eng. , vol.105 , pp. 166-170
    • Carter, D.R.1    Caler, W.E.2
  • 30
    • 0016891897 scopus 로고
    • Fatigue life of compact bone, 1: Effects of stress amplitude, temperature and density
    • Carter, D. R. and Hayes, W. C. (1976). Fatigue life of compact bone, 1: effects of stress amplitude, temperature and density. J. Biomech. 9, 27-34.
    • (1976) J. Biomech. , vol.9 , pp. 27-34
    • Carter, D.R.1    Hayes, W.C.2
  • 31
    • 0017708178 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: Two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditures
    • Cavagna, G. A., Heglund, N. C. and Taylor, C. R. (1977). Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditures. Am. J. Physiol. 233, R243-R261.
    • (1977) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.233
    • Cavagna, G.A.1    Heglund, N.C.2    Taylor, C.R.3
  • 32
    • 0032934493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling of mammalian long bones: Small and large mammals compared
    • Christiansen, P. (1999). Scaling of mammalian long bones: small and large mammals compared. J. Zool. Lond. 247, 333-348.
    • (1999) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.247 , pp. 333-348
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 34
    • 0042740748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle force-length dynamics during level versus incline locomotion: A comparison of in vivo performance of two guinea fowl ankle extensors
    • Daley, M. A. and Biewener, A. A. (2003). Muscle force-length dynamics during level versus incline locomotion: a comparison of in vivo performance of two guinea fowl ankle extensors. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 2941-2958.
    • (2003) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.206 , pp. 2941-2958
    • Daley, M.A.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 35
    • 0004233666 scopus 로고
    • Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press
    • Galilei, G. (1638). Two New Sciences. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
    • (1638) Two New Sciences
    • Galilei, G.1
  • 36
    • 0000842710 scopus 로고
    • Bipedal locomotion: Effects of speed, size and limb posture in birds and humans
    • Gatesy, S. M. and Biewener, A. A. (1991). Bipedal locomotion: effects of speed, size and limb posture in birds and humans. J. Zool. Lond. 224, 127-147.
    • (1991) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.224 , pp. 127-147
    • Gatesy, S.M.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 37
    • 0024081198 scopus 로고
    • Speed, stride frequency and energy cost per stride: How do they change with body size and gait?
    • Heglund, N. C. and Taylor, C. R. (1988). Speed, stride frequency and energy cost per stride: how do they change with body size and gait? J. Exp. Biol. 138, 301-318.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.138 , pp. 301-318
    • Heglund, N.C.1    Taylor, C.R.2
  • 38
    • 0027641571 scopus 로고
    • Forces in gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles for the freely moving cat
    • Herzog, W., Leonard, T. R. and Guimaraes, A. C. S. (1993). Forces in gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles for the freely moving cat. J. Biomech. 26, 945-953.
    • (1993) J. Biomech. , vol.26 , pp. 945-953
    • Herzog, W.1    Leonard, T.R.2    Guimaraes, A.C.S.3
  • 39
    • 0019497980 scopus 로고
    • Design of the mammalian respiratory system. VI. Distribution of mitochondria and capillaries in various muscles
    • Hoppeler, H., Mathieu, O., Krauer, R., Claassen, H., Armstrong, R. B. and Weibel, E. R. (1981a). Design of the mammalian respiratory system. VI. Distribution of mitochondria and capillaries in various muscles. Resp. Physiol. 44, 87-111.
    • (1981) Resp. Physiol. , vol.44 , pp. 87-111
    • Hoppeler, H.1    Mathieu, O.2    Krauer, R.3    Claassen, H.4    Armstrong, R.B.5    Weibel, E.R.6
  • 43
    • 84985315128 scopus 로고
    • The role of tendon elasticity in hopping in a wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus)
    • Ker, R. F., Dimery, N. J. and Alexander, R. M. (1986). The role of tendon elasticity in hopping in a wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus). J. Zool. Lond. 208, 417-428.
    • (1986) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.208 , pp. 417-428
    • Ker, R.F.1    Dimery, N.J.2    Alexander, R.M.3
  • 44
    • 0342313472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatigue quality of mammalian tendons
    • Ker, R. F., Wang, X. T. and Pike, A. V. L. (2000). Fatigue quality of mammalian tendons. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 1317-1327.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.203 , pp. 1317-1327
    • Ker, R.F.1    Wang, X.T.2    Pike, A.V.L.3
  • 45
    • 0025330835 scopus 로고
    • Energetics of running: A new perspective
    • Kram, R. and Taylor, C. R. (1990). Energetics of running: a new perspective. Nature 346, 265-267.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 265-267
    • Kram, R.1    Taylor, C.R.2
  • 46
    • 18944393719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo bone strain through ontogeny: A comparison of two vertebrate taxa
    • Main, R. P. and Biewener, A. A. (2004a). In vivo bone strain through ontogeny: a comparison of two vertebrate taxa. J. Morph. 260, 309.
    • (2004) J. Morph. , vol.260 , pp. 309
    • Main, R.P.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 47
    • 3543035838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic patterns of limb loading, in vivo bone strains and growth in the goat radius
    • Main, R. P. and Biewener, A. A. (2004b). Ontogenetic patterns of limb loading, in vivo bone strains and growth in the goat radius. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 2577-2588.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.207 , pp. 2577-2588
    • Main, R.P.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 48
    • 84985386314 scopus 로고
    • Allometry of the leg bones of running birds
    • Maloiy, G. M. O., Alexander, R. M. and Jayes, A. A. (1979). Allometry of the leg bones of running birds. J. Zool. Lond. 187, 161-167.
    • (1979) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.187 , pp. 161-167
    • Maloiy, G.M.O.1    Alexander, R.M.2    Jayes, A.A.3
  • 49
    • 0037007084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecules, muscles, and machines: Universal performance characteristics of motors
    • Marden, J. H. and Allen, L. R. (2002). Molecules, muscles, and machines: universal performance characteristics of motors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 4161-4166.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 4161-4166
    • Marden, J.H.1    Allen, L.R.2
  • 51
    • 0019462984 scopus 로고
    • Design of the mammalian respiratory system. VII. Scaling mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle to body mass
    • Mathieu, O., Krauer, R., Hoppeler, H., Gehr, P., Lindstedt, S. L. and Taylor, C. R. (1981). Design of the mammalian respiratory system. VII. Scaling mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle to body mass. Resp. Physiol. 44, 113-128.
    • (1981) Resp. Physiol. , vol.44 , pp. 113-128
    • Mathieu, O.1    Krauer, R.2    Hoppeler, H.3    Gehr, P.4    Lindstedt, S.L.5    Taylor, C.R.6
  • 52
    • 0015933660 scopus 로고
    • Size and shape in biology
    • McMahon, T. A. (1973). Size and shape in biology. Science 179, 1201-1204.
    • (1973) Science , vol.179 , pp. 1201-1204
    • McMahon, T.A.1
  • 53
    • 0000614731 scopus 로고
    • Allometry and biomechanics: Limb bones in adult ungulates
    • McMahon, T. A. (1975a). Allometry and biomechanics: limb bones in adult ungulates. Am. Nat. 109, 547-563.
    • (1975) Am. Nat. , vol.109 , pp. 547-563
    • McMahon, T.A.1
  • 54
    • 0016765770 scopus 로고
    • Using body size to understand the structural design of animals: Quadrupedal locomotion
    • McMahon, T. A. (1975b). Using body size to understand the structural design of animals: quadrupedal locomotion. J. Appl. Physiol. 39, 619-627.
    • (1975) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.39 , pp. 619-627
    • McMahon, T.A.1
  • 56
    • 84985376611 scopus 로고
    • Scaling in tensile 'skeletons': Scale-dependent length of the Achilles tendon in mammals
    • Peterson, J. A., Benson, J. A., Morin, J. G. and McFall-Ngai, M. J. (1984). Scaling in tensile 'skeletons': scale-dependent length of the Achilles tendon in mammals. J. Zool. Lond. 202, 361-372.
    • (1984) J. Zool. Lond. , vol.202 , pp. 361-372
    • Peterson, J.A.1    Benson, J.A.2    Morin, J.G.3    McFall-Ngai, M.J.4
  • 57
    • 0028208615 scopus 로고
    • Allometry of muscle, tendon, and elastic storage capacity in mammals
    • Pollock, C. M. and Shadwick, R. E. (1994). Allometry of muscle, tendon, and elastic storage capacity in mammals. Am. J. Physiol. 266, R1022-R1031.
    • (1994) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.266
    • Pollock, C.M.1    Shadwick, R.E.2
  • 58
    • 0020427697 scopus 로고
    • Allometry and paleoecology of medial Miocene dwarf rhinoceroses from the Texas gulf coastal plain
    • Prothero, D. R. and Sereno, P. C. (1982). Allometry and paleoecology of medial Miocene dwarf rhinoceroses from the Texas gulf coastal plain. Paleobiology 8, 16-30.
    • (1982) Paleobiology , vol.8 , pp. 16-30
    • Prothero, D.R.1    Sereno, P.C.2
  • 59
    • 0025636007 scopus 로고
    • Maximum velocity of shortening of three fibre types from horse soleus muscle: Implications for scaling with body size
    • Rome, L. C., Sosnicki, A. A. and Goble, D. O. (1990). Maximum velocity of shortening of three fibre types from horse soleus muscle: implications for scaling with body size. J. Physiol. 431, 173-185.
    • (1990) J. Physiol. , vol.431 , pp. 173-185
    • Rome, L.C.1    Sosnicki, A.A.2    Goble, D.O.3
  • 60
    • 1342288463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hierarchical analysis of the scaling of force and power production by dragonfly flight motors
    • Schilder, R. J. and Marden, J. H. (2004). A hierarchical analysis of the scaling of force and power production by dragonfly flight motors. J. Exp. Biol. 207, 767-776.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.207 , pp. 767-776
    • Schilder, R.J.1    Marden, J.H.2
  • 61
    • 0024906496 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of long bone fracture strength with animal mass
    • Selker, F. and Carter, D. R. (1989). Scaling of long bone fracture strength with animal mass. J. Biomech. 22, 1175-1183.
    • (1989) J. Biomech. , vol.22 , pp. 1175-1183
    • Selker, F.1    Carter, D.R.2
  • 62
    • 0020124157 scopus 로고
    • Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. I. Metabolic energy consumption as function of speed and size in birds and mammals
    • Taylor, C. R., Heglund, N. C. and Maloiy, G. M. O. (1982). Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. I. Metabolic energy consumption as function of speed and size in birds and mammals. J. Exp. Biol. 97, 1-21.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.97 , pp. 1-21
    • Taylor, C.R.1    Heglund, N.C.2    Maloiy, G.M.O.3
  • 63
    • 0014866966 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of energetic cost of running to body size in mammals
    • Taylor, C. R., Schmidt-Nielsen, K. and Raab, J. L. (1970). Scaling of energetic cost of running to body size in mammals. Am. J. Physiol. 219, 1104-1107.
    • (1970) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.219 , pp. 1104-1107
    • Taylor, C.R.1    Schmidt-Nielsen, K.2    Raab, J.L.3
  • 64
    • 0031908515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stresses in human leg muscles in running and jumping determined by force plate analysis and from published magnetic resonance images
    • Thorpe, S. K. S., Crompton, R. H. and Alexander, R. M. (1998). Stresses in human leg muscles in running and jumping determined by force plate analysis and from published magnetic resonance images. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 63-70.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.201 , pp. 63-70
    • Thorpe, S.K.S.1    Crompton, R.H.2    Alexander, R.M.3
  • 66
    • 0029257967 scopus 로고
    • Creep rupture of wallaby tail tendons
    • Wang, X. T. and Ker, R. F. (1995). Creep rupture of wallaby tail tendons. J. Exp. Biol. 198, 831-845.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 831-845
    • Wang, X.T.1    Ker, R.F.2
  • 67
    • 0029258029 scopus 로고
    • Fatigure rupture of wallaby tail tendons
    • Wang, X. T., Ker, R. F. and Alexander, R. M. (1995). Fatigure rupture of wallaby tail tendons. J. Exp. Biol. 198, 847-852.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 847-852
    • Wang, X.T.1    Ker, R.F.2    Alexander, R.M.3
  • 68
    • 0022270605 scopus 로고
    • Design and performance of muscular systems: An overview
    • Weibel, E. R. (1985). Design and performance of muscular systems: an overview. J. Exp. Biol. 115, 405-412.
    • (1985) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.115 , pp. 405-412
    • Weibel, E.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.