Coupled thermal-hydraulic-chemical modelling of enhanced geothermal systems

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 161, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 533-548

  Bachler D ^a   Kohl, T ^b  

^a Geowatt AG ^*  (Switzerland)

^b Geowatt AG   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

EGS; Soultz sous For ts (France); THC code; Thermal hydraulic chemical coupled reservoir modelling

Indexed keywords

GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; THERMOHYDROMECHANICS;

ALSACE; BAS-RHIN; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; FRANCE; SOULTZ-SOUS-FORETS; WESTERN EUROPE; WORLD;

CALCITE; CODES (SYMBOLS); GEOCHEMISTRY; GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; POROSITY; QUARTZ; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; WATER INJECTION;

COMPARATIVE SIMULATION; EGS; ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAMS; MINERAL DISSOLUTION AND PRECIPITATIONS; RESERVOIR MODELLING; THC CODE; THERMO-MECHANICAL EFFECTS;

COUPLED CIRCUITS;

EID: 18944364144     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02497.x     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Aquilina, L., Genter, A., Elsass, P. & Pribnow, D., 2000. Evolution of fluid circulation in the Rhine Graben: Constraints from the chemistry of present fluids, in Hydrogeology of crystalline Rocks, pp. 117-203, eds Stober and Bucher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Strasbourg, France.
2. Arvidson, R.S. & Mackenzie, F.T., 1999. The dolomite problem; control of precipitation kinetics by temperature and saturation state, Am. J. Sci., 299(4), 257-288.
3. Azaroual, M., 1992. Modélisation des interractions solutions hydrothermales-granite. Application au futur échangeur geothermique de type roche chaude sèches de Soultz-sous-Forêts, Alsace (France) , Doc. BRGM 232, BRGM, Orléans, France, p. 202.
4. Bächler, D., 2003. Coupled Thermal-Hydraulic-Chemical Modelling at the Soultz-sous-Forêts EGS Reservoir (France), PhD thesis, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, p. 151.
5. Bear, J., 1979. Hydraulics of Groundwater, McGraw Hill, New York.
6. Bolton, E.W., Lasaga, A.C. & Rye, D.M., 1996. A model for the kinetic control of quartz dissolution and precipitation in porous media flow with spatial variable permeability; formulation and examples of thermal convection, J. geophys. Res., B., 1001(10), 22, 157-187.
7. Brinkmann, R., 1972. Lehrbuch der Allgemeinen Geologie, 2. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgard.
8. Clauser, C., 2003. SHEMAT and Processing SHEMAT - Numerical simulation of reactive flow in hot aquifers, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, p. 332.
9. Davies, C.W., 1962. Ion Association, Butterworths, London.
10. Dove, P.M., 1994. The dissolution kinetics of quartz in sodium chloride solutions at 25 to 300 °C, Am. J. Sci., 294(6), 663-678.
11. Duan, Z., Moller, N., DeRocher, T. & Weare, J.H., 1996. Prediction of boiling, scaling and formation conditions in geothermal reservoirs using computer programs TEQUIL and GEOFLUIDS, Geothermics, 25(6), 665-712.
12. Durst, P., 2002. Geochemical modelling of the Soultz-sous-Forêts Hot Dry Rock test site: Coupling fluid-rock interactions to heat and fluid transport, PhD thesis, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, p. 127.
13. Durst, P. & Vuataz, F.D., 2001. Geochemical modelling of the Soultz-sous-Forêts Hot Dry Rock system. Brine-rock interactions in a deep hot fractured granite reservoir. In: 26th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, pp. 11-20.
14. Gautelier, M., Oelkers, E.H. & Schott, J., 1999. An experimental study of dolomite dissolution rates as a function of pH from -0.5 to 5 and temperature from 25 to 80 °C, Chemical Geology, 157(1-2), 13-26.
15. Geiger, S., Matthai, S. & Roberts, S., 2001. Complex Systems Platform: CSP3D3.0, Report E-Collection No. 239, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
16. Genter, A., 1990. Géothermie roche chaudes sèches. Le granite de Soultz-sous-Forêts (Bas-Rhin, France). Fracturation naturelle, altérations hydrothermales et interaction eau-roche, Doc. BRGM 185, BRGM, Orléans, France, p. 201.
17. Genter, A. & Traineau, H., 1996. Analysis of macroscopic fractures in granite in the EGS geothermal well EPS-1, Soultz-sous-Forets, France, J. Volc. Geotherm. Res., 72(1-2), 121-141.
18. Gérard, A. & Kappelmeyer, O., 1989. Project Européen Roches Chaudes Sèches de Soultz-sous-Forêts. Résultats majeurs au 15 février. Soultz-sous-Foréts France.
19. Gérard, A. & Kappelmeyer, O., 1991. European EGS Project at Soultz-sous-Forêts, Geotherm. Sci. & Tech., 3(1-4), 281-308.
20. Illies, J.H., 1965. Bauplan und Baugeschichte des Oberrheingrabens, Oberrheinische Geologische Abhandlungen, 20, 1-54.
21. Jacquot, E., 1998. Description of the geothermal EGS site of Soultz-sous-Forêts (Bas-Rhin, France) based on data collected during previous stimulation and circulation experiments for a modelling purpose. In: Draft Proceedings of the 4th Int. pp. 1-20, eds Baria, Baumgärtner & Gerard, Socomike, EGS Forum, Strasbourg, France.
22. Jacquot, E., 2000. Modélisation thermodynamique et cinétique des réactions géochimiques dans les réservoirs profonds. Application au site européen de recherche en géothermie profonde (Soultz-sous-Forêts, Bas-Rhin, France), PhD thesis, University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France, p. 202.
23. Kohl, T., 1992. Modellsimulation gekoppelter Vorgänge beim Wärmeentzug aus heissem Tiefengestein, PhD thesis, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland, p. 149.
24. Kohl, T., 1998. Coupled 3-D simulations of long-term HDR reservoir behaviour, in Analysis of the hydraulic behaviour of the 3.5 km deep reservoir during the 1995-1997 test series, and other contributions to the European Hot Dry Rock Project Soultz-sous-Forêts, France, final report, project JOR3-CT95-0054, eds Evans, Kohl & Rybach p. 11-27, 192, Federal Office for Education and Science, Bern, Switzerland.
25. Kohl, T. & Hopkirk, R.J., 1995. 'FRACTure'-A simulation code for forced fluid flow and transport in fractured, porous rock, Geothermics, 24(3), 345-359.
26. Kohl, T., Evans, K.F., Hopkirk R.J. & Rybach L., 1995. Coupled hydraulic thermal and mechanical considerations for the simulation of Hot Dry Rock reservoirs, Geothermics, 24(3), 333-343.
27. Krauskopf, K.B. & Bird, D.K., 1995. Introduction to geochemistry, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, p. 647.
28. Northon, D. & Knapp, R., 1977. Transport phenomena in hydrothermal systems; the nature of porosity, Am. J. Sci., 277(8), 913-936.
29. Pape, H., Clauser, C. & Iffland, J., 1999. Permeability prediction for reservoir sandstones based on fractal pore space geometry, Geophysics , 64(5), 1447-1460.
30. Pauwels, H., Fouillac, C. & Fouillac, A.M., 1993. Chemistry and isotopes of deep geothermal saline fluids in the Upper Rhine Graben; origin of compounds and water-rock interactions, Geochim. cosmochim. Acta., 57(12), 2737-2749.
31. Pitzer, K.S., 1973. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. I. Theoretical basis and general equations, J. Phys. Chem., 12, 268-277.
32. Pitzer, K.S., 1975. Thermodynamics of electrolytes. V. Effects of higher-order electrostatic terms, J. Solution Chem., 4, 249-265.
33. Pribnow, D., 1994. Ein Vergleich von Bestimmungsmethoden der Wärmeleitfähigkeit unter Berücksichtigung von Gesteinsgefügen und Anisotropie. Fortschritt-Berichte VDI. Reihe 19, Wärmetechnik/ Kältetechnik, Nr. 75, PhD thesis, University of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany.
34. Pruess, K., 1991. TOUGH2, a general-purpose numerical simulator for multiphase fluid and heat flow, Report LBL-29400, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California p. 102.
35. Rickard, D., 1997. Kinetics of pyrite formation by the H2S oxidation of iron (II) monosulfide in aqueous solutions between 25 and 125 °C; the rate equation, Geochim. cosmochim. Acta., 61(1), 135-147.
36. Rickard, D. & Luther, G.W., 1997. Kinetics of pyrite formation by the H2S oxidation of iron (II) monosulfide in aqueous solutions between 25 and 125 °C; the mechanism, Geochim. cosmochim. Acta., 61 (1), 115-134.
37. Rimstidt, J.D. & Barnes, H.L., 1980. The kinetics of silica-water reactions, Geochim. cosmochim. Acta., 44(11), 1683-1700.
38. Sauty, J.P., 1981. Du comportement thermique des réservoirs aquifers exploités pour le stockage d'eau chaude on la géothermie basse enthalpie, PhD Thesis, Universitâe scientifique et médicale, Grenoble.
39. Shiraki, R. & Brantley, S.L., 1995. Kinetics of near-equilibrium calcite precipitation at 100 °C; an evaluation of elementary reaction-based and affinity-based rate laws, Geochim. cosmochim. Acta., 59(8), 1457-1471.
40. Sjoberg, E.L. & Rickard, D.T., 1984. Temperature dependence of calcite dissolution kinetics between 1 and 62 °C at PH 2.7 to 8.4 in aqueous solutions, Geochim. cosmochim. Acta., 48(3), 485-493.
41. Steefel, C.I. & MacQuarrie, K.T.B., 1996. Approaches to modeling of reactive transport in porous media, Rev. Min., 34, 83-129.
42. Traineau, H., Genter, A., Cautru, J.P., Fabriol, H. & Chevremont, P., 1991. Petrography of the granite massif from drill cutting analysis and well log interpretation in the geothermal HDR borehole GPK1 (Soultz, Alsace, France), Geotherm. Sci. & Tech., 3(1-4), 1-29.
43. White, S.P., 1995. Multiphase nonisothermal transport of systems of reacting chemicals, Water Resources Res., 31(7), 1761-1772.
44. Williamson, M.A. & Rimstidt, J.D., 1994. The kinetics and electrochemical reate-determining step of aqueous pyrite oxidation, Geochim. cosmochim. Acta., 58(24), 5443-5454.
45. Wolery, T.J., 1992. EQ3NR, A Computer Program for Geochemical Aqueous Speciation Solubility Calculations: Theoretical Manual User's Guide, and Related Documentation (Version 7.0), UCRL-MA-110662 PT III, Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab., Livermore, CA, USA, p. 246.
46. Xu, T. & Pruess, K., 1998. Coupled Modelling of Non-Isothermal Multi-Phase Flow, Solute Transport and Reactive Chemistry in Porous and Fractured Media: 1. Model Development and Validation, LBNL-42050, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
47. ++ on the kinetics of calcite precipitation and calcite crystal morphology, Chem. Geol., 163(1-4), 129-138.