Depression in Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction

European Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 133-144

  Radanović Grgurić, Ljiljana ^a   Filaković, Pavo ^b   Barkić, Jelena ^b   Mandić, Nikola ^b   Karner, Ivan ^b   Smoje, Juraj ^b  

^a University of Osijek   (Croatia)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Depressive disorder; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Unipolar major depression

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGITATION; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GUILT; GYNECOLOGIC DISEASE; HAMILTON SCALE; HUMAN; HYPERTHYROIDISM; HYPOCHONDRIASIS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INCIDENCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MOOD DISORDER; PSYCHOMOTOR DISORDER; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; RISK MANAGEMENT; SELF CONCEPT; SLEEP DISORDER; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; THYROID DISEASE; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 18844472218     PISSN: 02136163     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. AMSTERDAM, J.D., FAVA, M., MAISLIN, G.. ROSENBAUM, J.. HORNIG-ROHAN, M. TRH stimulation test as a predictor of acute and long-term antidepressant response in major depression. J. Affect. Disord. 38 (2-3): 165-172, 1996.
2. BARTALENA, L., PLACIDI, G.F., MARTINO, E. et al. Nocturnal serum thyrotropin (TSH) surge and the TSH response to TRH-releasing hormone: dissociated behaviour in untreated depressives. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Met., 71 (3): 650-655, 1990.
3. BAUER, M.S., DROBA. M., WHYBROW, P.C. Disorders of the thyroid and Parathyroid, 41-70. Nemeroff, C.B., Loosen. P.T., (eds.) Handbook of clinical psychoneuroendocrinology. Chichester-New York-Brisbane-Toronto-Singapore John Wiley and Sons, 1987.
4. CANCRO, R. Overview of affective disorders, 760-763. Kaplan, H.I., Sadock, B.J., (eds.) Comprehensive textboock of psychiatry/IV. 4. Rev. Baltimore/London: Williams and Wilkins Co. 1985.
5. CHECKLEY, S. Thyrotoxicosis and the course of manic-depressive illness. Brit J Psychiatry, 133: 219-23, 1978.
6. Clinical Society of London. (1888). Report on myxedema. Transactions of the Clinical Society of London, 21 (Suppl.), IX.
7. COPOLOV, D.L., RUBIN, R.T. Endocrine disturbances in affective disorders and schizophrenia, 160-194. Nemeroff CB, Loosen PT, (eds.). Handbook of clinical psychoneurœndocrinology. Chichester-New York-Brisbane-Toronto-Singapore: John Wiley and Sons, 1987.
8. COWDRAY, R.W., WEHR, T.A., ZIS, A.P., GOODWIN, F.K. Thyroid abnormalities associated with rapid-cycling bipolar illness. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 40: 414-420, 1983.
9. DANIELS, G.H., MARTIN, J.B. Neuroendocrine regulation and disease of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus, 1655-1679. Wilson, J.D., Braunwald, E., Isselbacher, K.J., Petrsdorf, R.G., Martin, J.B., Fauci, A.S., Root, R.K.(eds.). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 12. rev., vol 2. New York, St. Louis, San Francisco, Colorado Springs, Auckland, Bogota, Caracas, Hamburg, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico. Milan, Montreal, New Delhi, Paris, San Juan Sao Paulo, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto: Mc Grow-Hill, Inc, 1991.
10. DENICOFF, K.D., JOFFE, R.T., LAKSHMANAN, M.C., ROBBINS, J.R.. RUBINOW, D.R. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of altered thyroid state. Am. J. Psychiatry., 147 (1): 94-99, 1990.
11. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4. rev. American Psychiatric Association. Washington, D.C., 1994.
12. DORN, L.D., BURGESS, E.S., DICHEK, H.L., PUTNAM, F.W., CHROUSOS, G.P., GOLD. P.W. Thyroid hormone concentrations in depressed and non depressed adolescents: group differences and behavioral relations. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 35 (3): 299-306, 1996.
13. DUVAL, F., MOKRANI, M.C., BAILEY, P., CORREA, H., DIEP, T.S., CROCQ, M.A., MACHER, J.P. Thyroid axis activity and serotonin function in major depressive episode. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 24 (7): 695-712. 1999.
14. EARLE, B. Thyroid hormone and tricyclic antidepressants in treatment-resistant depression. Am. J. Psychiatry, 126: 1667-1669, 1970.
15. EXTEIN, L., POTTASH, A.L.C., GOLD, M.S., SILVER, J.M. Thyroid stimulating hormone response in unipolar depression before and after clinical improvement. Psychiatry Res, 6: 161-169, 1982.
16. FAVA, M., LABBATE, L.A., ABRAHAM, M.E., ROSENBAUM, J.F. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in major depression revisited J. Clin. Psychiatry, 56 (5): 186-192, 1995.
17. GOLD, P.W., GOODWIN, F.K., CHROUSOS, G.P. Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression. Relation to the neurobiology of stress. New England J. Med., 319 (7): 413-419, 1989.
18. GOLD, M., POTTASH, A., EXTEIN, I. Hypothyroidism and depression: Evidence from complete thyroid evaluation. JAMA, 245: 1919-1921, 1981.
19. HAGGERTY Jr., J.J., STERN, R.A., MASON, G.A., BECKWITH, J., MORCY, C.E. PRANGE Jr., A.J. Subclinical Hypothyroidism: a modifiable risk factor for depression? Am. J. Psychiatry, 150 (3): 508-510, 1993.
20. HAMILTON, M. 049 HAMD. Hamilton depression scale, 179-192. Guy W, (ed.) ECDEU Assesment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Rev. Ed. Rockville, Maryland, 1976.
21. HOFMANN, P., SCHROTTER, K.H. Hypophyscal-hypothalamo-thyroid axis in affective disorders. Acta Med. Austriaca, 26 (4): 123-125, 1999.
22. HOWLAND, R.H. Thyroid dysfunction in refractory depression: implications for pathophysiology and treatment J. Clin. Psychiatry. 54: 47-54, 1993.
23. JACKSON, I. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): Distribution in mammalian species and its functional significance. 3-8. Griffits, E.C., Bennett, G.W. (eds.) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. New York: Raven Press, 1983.
24. JAIN, V. A psychiatric study of hypothyroidism. Psychiatr. Clin., 5: 121-130, 1972.
25. JOFFE, R.T., BAGBY, R.M., LEVITT, A.J. The thyroid and melancholia. Psychiatry Res, 42 (1): 73-80, 1992.
26. JOFFE, R.T., LEVITT, A.J.: Major depression and subclinical (grade 2) hypothyroidism. Psychoneuroendocrinolo, 17: 215-221, 1992.
27. KIRKEGAARD, C., FABER, J., COHN, D., KOLENDORF, K., THOMSEN, H.F. LUMHOLTZ, I.B., SIERSBACK-NIELSEN, K., FRIIS, T. Serum 3'monoiodthyronine levels in normal subjects and in patients with thyroid and non-thyroid disease. Acta Endocrinol, 97: 454-460, 1981.
28. KIRKEGAARD, C., KARNER, A.. FABER, J. Increased production of thyroxine and inappropriately elevated serum thyrotropin leves in endogenous depression. Biol Psychiatry, 27 (5): 472-476, 1990.
29. KJELMANN, B.F. BECK-FRIIS, J. LJUNGGREN, J.G. WETTERBERG, L. Twenty four-hour serum levels of TSH in affective disorders. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 69: 491-502, 1984.
30. KONIG, F., VON HIPPEL, C., PETERSDORFF, T., KASCHKA, W. Thyroid autoantibodies in depressive disorders. Acta Med. Austriaca, 26 (4): 126-128, 1999.
31. LASSER, R.A., BALDESSARINI, R.J. Thyroid hormones in depressive disorders: a reappraisal of clinical utility. Harv. Rev. Psychiatry, 4 (6): 291-305, 1997.
32. LINGIAERDE, O., REICHBORN-KJENNERUD, T., HAUG, E. Thyroid function in seasonal affective disorder. J. Affect. Disord, 33 (1): 39-45, 1995.
33. LOOSEN, P., PRANGE, A. Serum thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in psychiatric patiens. Am. J. Psychiatry, 139: 405-416, 1982.
34. LUCKE, C., HEHRMANN, R., VON MAYERSBACH, K., VON ZUR MÜHLENN, A. Studies on circadian variations of plasma TSH, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in man. Acta Endocrinologica, 86: 81-88, 1977.
35. MAC CRIMMON, D., WALLACE, J., GOLDBERG, W., STREINER, D. Emotional disturbance and cognitive deficits in hyperthyroidism. Psychosom. Med. 41: 31-40, 1979.
36. MOREAU, X. JEANNINGROS, R., MAZZOLA-POMIETTO, P. Chronic effects of triiodothyronine in combination with imipramine on 5-HT transporter, 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors in adult rat brain. Neuropsychopharmacology, 24 (6): 652-662, 2001.
37. MUSSELRNAN, D.L., NEMEROFF, C.B. Depression and endocrine disorders: focus on the thyroid and adrenal system. Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl. 30: 123, 1996.
38. MÜLLER, B., BÖNING, J. Changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis accompanying major affective disorders. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 77: 143-150, 1988.
39. NAKAMURA, T., NOMURA, J. Comparison of thyroid function between responders and nonresponders to thyroid hormone supplementation in depression. Jpn J. Psychiatry Neurol., 46 (4): 905-909, 1992.
40. National Institute of Mental Health. 028 CGI. Clinical Global Impressions, 217-22. Guy W. (ed.) ECDEU Assesment Manual for Psychopranacoloy. Rev. Ed. Rockville, Maryland, 1976.
41. ORDAS, D.M., LABBATE, L.A. Positive screening of thyroid function in patients hospitalised for major depression or dysthymia. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry, 7 (4): 161-165, 1995.
42. PALINKAS, L.A., REED, H.L., REEDY, K.R., DO, N.V., CASE, H.S., FINNEY, N.S. Circannual pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) function and mood during extended antartic residence. Psychoneurcendocrinology, 26 (4): 421-431, 2001.
43. PARRY, C. (1825). Collected Works, Vol. I. London.
44. PEAKE, R. Recurrent apathetic hyperthyroidism. Arch. Int. Med. 141: 258-262, 1981.
45. PRANGE, A.J., GARBUT, J.L., LOOSEN, P.T. The hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis in affective disorders. 629-636. Meltzer, H.Y., (ed) Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress. New York: Raven Press, 1987.
46. PRANGE, A.J., LARA, P.P. WILSON, I.C. ALLTOP, L.B. Effects of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depression. Lancet. 11: 999-1002, 1972.
47. PRANGE, A.J. JR, WILSON, I.C., LYNN, C.W. et al. L-Tryptophan in mania: contribution to a permissive hypothesis of affective disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 30: 56-62, 1974.
48. PRANGE, A., WILSON, I., RABON, A., LIPTON, M. Enhancement of imipramine antidepressant activity by thyroid hormone. Am. J. Psychiatry, 126: 457-460, 1969.
49. ROCKEY, P., GRIEP, R. Behavioural dysfunction in hyperthyroidism: Improvement with treatment. Arch. Inter. Med. 140: 1194-1197, 1980.
50. ROLLAND, F., CHEVROLLIER, J.P. Depression, antithyroid antibodies and Hashimoto encephalopathy. Encephale, 27 (2): 137-142, 2001.
51. RUBIN, R.T., POLAND, R.E., LESSER, I.M., MARTIN, D.J. Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression-IV. Pituitary-thyroid axis activity in patients and matched control subjects. Psychoneurcendocrinology, 12 (5): 333-347, 1987.
52. SARTORIUS, N. Cross cultural research on depression, 6-11. Kielholz, P., Poldinger, N., ed. Latest findings on the aetiology and therapy of depression. Basle: International commemorative symposium organised in collaboration with WHO and WPA. Psychopathology, 19 (suppl. 2), 1986.
53. SCHILDKRAUT, J.J. The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: A review of supporting evidence. Am. J. Psychiatry, 122: 509-522, 1965.
54. SCHILDKRAUT, J.J., GREEN, A.I., MOONEY, J.J. Affective disorders: Biochemical Aspects, 769-778. Kaplan, H.I., Sadock, B.J., (eds.) Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry/IV. 4. rev. Baltimore/London: Williams and Wilkins Co, 1985.
55. SCHMAUSS, M. Biological hypothesis in depression research Psychiatlia Daoubina, 4: 37-48, 1992.
56. SONINO, N. From the lesson of Harvey Cushing to current knowledge: psychosocial aspects of endocrine disease (editorial). Psychother Psychosom, 66 (3): 113, 1997.
57. THOMASTON, J., MÄNNISTÖ, P. Neurotransmitter regulation of anterior pituitary hormones. Pharmacological Review, 37 (3): 249-332, 1985.
58. VAN DER KAR, L.D. Neuroendocrine aspects of the serotonergic hypothesis of depression. Neurosci Biobehav. Rev., 13 (4): 237-246, 1989.
59. VILLANI, S., WERTZEL, W. Secondary mania (letter). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 36: 1031, 1979.
60. VANDOOLAEGHE, E., MAES, M., VANDEVYVERE, J., NEELS, H. Hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid axis function in treatment resistant depression. J. Affect. Disord., 43 (2): 143-150, 1997.
61. WARTOTSKY, L., INGBAR, S.H. Diseases of the thyroid, 1692-712. Wilson, J.D., Braunwald, E.. Isselbacher, K.J., Petrsdorf, R.G., Martin, J.B., Fauci, A.S., Root, R.K., (eds.) Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 12. rev., Vol. 2. New York St Louis, San Francisko, Colorado Springs, Auckland, Bogotá, Caracas, Hamburg, Lisbon, London, Madrid Mexico, Milan, Montreal, New Delhi, Paris, San Juan, Sao Paulo, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto: Mc Grow-Hill, Inc. 1991.
62. WENZEL, K., MEINHOLD. H., RAFFENBERG, M., ADLKOFFER, F., SCHLEUSENER, H. Classification of hypothireoidism in evaluating patients after radioactive therapy by serum cholesterol, T3 uptake, total T4, FT4-index, total T3, basal TSH and TRH test. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 4: 141-48, 1974.
63. WHYBROW, P.C. PRANGE, A.J. JR. A hypothesis of thyroid-catecholamine-receptor interactions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 38: 106-113, 1981.
64. WHYBROW, P., PRANGE, A., TREADWAY, C. Mental changes accompanying thyroid gland dysfunction. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 20: 48-62, 1969.
65. WILSON, W., JOHNSON, J., SMITH R. Affective changes in thyrotoxicosis and experimental hypermetabolism. Recent Adv. Biol. Psychiatry 4: 234-242, 1962.
66. ZUNG, W.W.K. A Self Rating Depression Scale. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 12: 63-70, 1965.