Gardens without weeds? Pre-european maori gardens and inadvertent introductions

New Zealand Journal of Botany

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 271-284

  Leach, Helen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Concepts of weeds; Invasive species; Maori gardens; New Zealand; Polynesia

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL INVASION; HISTORICAL ECOLOGY; INTRODUCED SPECIES; WEED;

AUSTRALASIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; NEW ZEALAND; WORLD;

EID: 18844451241     PISSN: 0028825X     EISSN: 11758643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512954     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Allan, HH. 1961. Flora of New Zealand, Vol. I, Wellington:Government Printer.
2. Allen, MS, ed. 2001. “ Gardens of Lono ”. In Archaeological investigations at the Amy B. H. Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden, Kealakekua, Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii:Bernice P. Bishop Museum Press.
3. Anon. 1837. The British colonization of New Zealand, London:JW Parker.
4. Barratt, G. 1979. Bellingshausen; a visit to New Zealand, 1820, Palmerston North:Dunmore Press.
5. Barthel, TS. 1978. The eighth land:the Polynesian discovery and settlement of Easter Island, Honolulu:The University Press of Hawaii.
6. Baylis, GTS. 1958. A cytogenetical study of New Zealand forms of Solanum nigrum L., S. nodiflorum Jacq. and S. gracile Otto. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 85:379–385.
7. Beaglehole, JC, ed. 1961. The voyage of the Resolution and Adventure 1772–1775, Cambridge:Hakluyt Society at the University Press.
8. Beaglehole, JC, ed. 1963. The Endeavour journal of Joseph Banks, 1768–1771, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Sydney:Angus & Robertson.
9. Beaglehole, JC, ed. 1968. The voyage of the Endeavour, 1768–1771, Cambridge:Hakluyt Society at the University Press.
10. Biggs, B. 1998. POLLEX, Proto Polynesian lexicon Computer file, Auckland, New Zealand:Department of Maori Studies, University of Auckland.
11. Brown, FBH. 1935. Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. Vol. III Dicotyledons, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 130 Vol. III
12. Brownsey, PJ, and Smith-Dodsworth, JC. 1989. New Zealand ferns and allied plants, Auckland:David Bateman.
13. Cheeseman, TF. 1903. The flora of Rarotonga, chief island of the Cook Group. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd series, Botany, 6:261–313.
14. Cheeseman, TF. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand flora, Wellington:Government Printer.
15. Cockayne, L. 1919. New Zealand plants and their story., 2nd ed., Wellington:Government Printer.
16. Cockayne, L. 1928. The vegetation of New Zealand., 2nd ed., Leipzig:Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann.
17. Colenso, W. 1844. Excursion in the Northern Island of New Zealand; in the summer of 1841–42, Launceston:Van Dieman's Land, The Launceston Examiner.
18. Colenso, W. 1877. Notes, chiefly historical, on the ancient dog of the New Zealanders. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 10:135–155.
19. Cruise, RA. 1974. Journal of a ten months’ residence in New Zealand, Facsimile of [1824] 2nd ed., Christ-church:Capper Press.
20. Cuddihy, L, and Stone, CP. 1990. “ Alteration of native Hawaiian vegetation ”. In Effects of humans, their activities and introductions, Honolulu:Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaii. Manoa
21. Cunningham, A. 1838. Florae insularum Novae Zelandiae precursor; or a specimen of the botany of the islands of New Zealand. Annals of Natural History, 1:376–381.
22. Cunningham, A. 1839. Florae insularum Novae Zelandiae precursor; or a specimen of the botany of the islands of New Zealand. Annals of Natural History, 2:125–132.
23. Darwin, C. 1839. Journal and remarks 1832–6. Vol. 3 of Fitzroy R. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships, Adventure and Beagle, Vol. 3, London:Henry Colburn.
24. Davies, J. 1991. A Tahitian and English dictionary., [Facsimile of 1851 ed.], Papeete, Tahiti:Editions Haero Po no Tahiti.
25. Forster, G. 1786. Florulae insularum Australium prodromus, Christian Dieterich:Gottingae, Typis Joann.
26. Gifford, EW. 1924. Tongan myths and tales, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 8
27. Green, RC. 1973. Tonga's prehistoric population. Pacific Viewpoint, 14:61–74.
28. Green, RC. 2005. “ Sweet potato transfers in Polynesian prehistory ”. In The sweet potato in Oceania:a reappraisal Edited by:Ballard, C, Brown, P, Bourke, RM, and Harwood, T. Oceania Monograph
29. Guppy, HB. 1906. Observations of a naturalist in the Pacific between 1896 and 1899 Vol. 2 Plant-dispersal, Vol. 2, London:Macmillan and Co.
30. Guthrie-Smith, WH. 1969. Tutira:the story of a New Zealand sheep station, Wellington:AH & AW Reed.
31. Healy, AJ, and Edgar, E. 1980. Flora of New Zealand, Volume III, Wellington:Government Printer.
32. Henry, T. 1928. Ancient Tahiti, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 48
33. Holzner, W. 1982. “ Concepts, categories and characteristics of weeds ”. In The biology and ecology of weeds, Edited by:Holzner, W, and Numata, M. 3–20. The Hague:Dr W. Junk.
34. Hooper, B, ed. 1975. “ With Captain James Cook in the Antarctic and Pacific ”. In The private journal of James Burney Second Lieutenant of the Adventure on Cook's second voyage 1772–1773, Canberra:National Library of Australia.
35. Isern, TD. 2002. “ Companions, stowaways, imperialists, invaders:pests and weeds in New Zealand ”. In Environmental histories of New Zealand, Edited by:Pawson, E, and Brooking, T. 233–245. Melbourne:Oxford University Press.
36. Ivens, G, and Taylor, R. 1985. The New Zealand garden weed book. A guide to identification and control, Auckland:Reed Methuen.
37. Jones, KL, and Law, RG. 1987. Prehistoric population estimates for the Tolaga Bay vicinity, East Coast, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology, 9:81–114.
38. Kendall, T. 1820. A grammar and vocabulary of the language of New Zealand, London:Church Missionary Society.
39. Kirch, PV, and Green, RC. 2001. Hawaiki, ancestral Polynesia. An essay in historical anthropology, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
40. Leach, HM. 1980. Incompatible land use patterns in Maori food production. New Zealand Archaeological Association Newsletter, 23:135–147.
41. Leach, HM. 1983. Model gardens and the acceptability of new crops to Polynesian horticulturalists. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology, 5:139–149.
42. Leach, HM. 1984. 1,000 years of gardening in New Zealand, Wellington:Reed.
43. Leach, HM. 1994. Native plants and national identity in New Zealand gardening:an historical review. Horticulture in New Zealand, 5:28–33.
44. Leach, HM. 1997. The terminology of agricultural origins and food production systems-a horticultural perspective. Antiquity, 71:135–148.
45. Leach, HM. 2001. European perceptions of the roles of bracken rhizomes (Pteridium esculentum (Forst. f.) Cockayne) in traditional Maori diet. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology, 22:31–3. 2000
46. Macdonald, MC. 1978. Mount Reeves. Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin, 40:30–33.
47. Martin, J. 1827. An account of the natives of the Tonga Islands in the South Pacific Ocean., 3rd ed., 2 vols, Edinburgh:Constable & Hurst, Chance.
48. Martin, W. 1940. The Flora of New Zealand, Christchurch:Whitcombe & Tombs.
49. Matthews, LJ. 1982. “ Pasture weeds of New Zealand ”. In The biology and ecology of weeds, Edited by:Holzner, W, and Numata, M. 387–394. The Hague:Dr W. Junk.
50. Matthews, P. 1985. Nga taro o Aotearoa. Journal of the Polynesian Society, 94:253–272.
51. McNab, R. 1908. Historical records of New Zealand, Vol. 1, Wellington:Government Printer.
52. Merrill, ED. 1946. Man's influence on the vegetation of Polynesia, with special reference to introduced species. Chronica Botanica, 10:334–45.
53. Meyer, J-Y. 2000. “ Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific islands (SPREP Member Countries) ”. In Invasive species in the Pacific:a technical review and draft regional strategy, Edited by:Sherley, G. 85–114. Apia, Samoa:South Pacific Regional Environment Program.
54. Milner, GB. 1966. Samoan dictionary, London:Oxford University Press.
55. Neal, MC. 1965. In gardens of Hawaii., Revised ed., Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Special Publication 50
56. Pickering, C. 1879. “ Chronological history of plants ”. In Man's record of his own existence illustrated through their names, uses, and companionship, Boston:Little, Brown, & Co.
57. Pickering, C. 1888. The races of man and their geographical distribution, London:G. Bell.
58. Pratt, G. 1984. A grammar and dictionary of the Samoan language., 3rd ed., Auckland:R. McMillan. [1893]
59. Pukui, MK, Elbert, SH, and Mookini, ET. 1975. The pocket Hawaiian dictionary, Honolulu, Hawaii:University of Hawaii Press.
60. Richard, A. 1832. “ Essai d'une flore de la Nouvelle Zélande ”. In Dumont D'Urville J-S-C Voyage de découvertes de la corvette l'Astrolabe, 3. Botanique, Paris:J. Tastu.
61. Ridley, HN. 1930. The dispersal of plants throughout the world, Ashford, Kent:L. Reeve & Co.
62. Salmond, A. Two worlds:first meetings between Maori and Europeans 1642–1772. Auckland. Viking.
63. Savage, J. 1807. Some account of New Zealand, London:J. Murray.
64. Savage, S. 1980. A dictionary of the Maori language of Rarotonga, Wellington:The Department of Island Territories.
65. Seemann, B. 1865–73. Flora Vitiensis:a description of the plants of the Viti or Fiji Islands with an account of their history, uses, and properties, London:L. Reeve & Co.
66. Shawcross, K. 1967. Fern root and 18th century Maori food production in agricultural areas. Journal of the Polynesian Society, 76:330–352.
67. Shortland, E. 1851. The southern districts of New Zealand, London:Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans.
68. Solander, DC. “ Primitiae florae insularum oceani Pacifici, sive catalogus plantarum in Otaheite, Eimao, Otaha, Huaheine & Ulaietea a.c. 1769, and Primitiae florae Novae Zelandiae, sive catalogus plantarum ”. In Floras of the countries visited during Capt. James Cook's first voyage, Solander MS No. 16–20 Edited by:Baeström, S. 199–380. 381–620. London:the Natural History Museum. undated
69. St John, H. 1978. The first collection of Hawaiian plants by David Nelson in 1779. Hawaiian Plant Studies 55. Pacific Science, 32:315–24.
70. Sykes, WR, and West, CJ. 1996. New records and other information on the vascular flora of the Kermadec Islands. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 34:447–462.
71. Thomson, GM. 1922. The naturalization of animals and plants in New Zealand, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
72. Tu'inukuafe, E. 1997. A simplified dictionary of modern Tongan., 2nd ed., Auckland:Pasifika Press.
73. Wagner, WL, Herbst, DR, and Sohmer, SH. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i, Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Special Publication 83
74. Warner, K. 1991. “ Shifting cultivators ”. In Local technical knowledge and natural resource management in the humid tropics, Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
75. Webb, CJ, Sykes, WR, and Garnock-Jones, PJ. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Vol. IV, Christchurch:Botany Division, DSIR.
76. Whistler, WA. 1988. Checklist of the weed flora of Western Polynesia, South Pacific Commission Technical Paper 194
77. Whistler, WA. 1991. “ Polynesian plant introductions ”. In Islands, plants, and Polynesians. An introduction to Polynesian ethnobotany, Edited by:Cox, PA, and Banack, SA. 41–66. Portland, Oregon:Dioscorides Press.
78. Wilder, GP. 1931. Flora of Rarotonga, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 86
79. Williams, W. 1844. A dictionary of the New Zealand language, Paihia:Church Mission Press.
80. Williams, HW. 1971. A dictionary of the Maori language., 7th ed., Wellington:Government Printer.
81. Wiser, SK, Allen, RB, and Platt, KH. 1997. Mountain beech forest succession after a fire at Mount Thomas Forest, Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 35:505–515.
82. Wiser, SK, Drake, DR, Burrows, LE, and Sykes, WR. 2002. The potential for long-term persistence of forest fragments on Tongatapu, a large island in western Polynesia. Journal of Biogeography, 29:767–87.
83. Yuncker, TG. 1959. Plants of Tonga, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220