How does lithium mediate its therapeutic effects?

Journal of Applied Biomedicine

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 25-35

  Strunecká, Anna ^a   Patočka, Jiří ^b,c   Šárek, Milan ^a  

^a CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^b DEPARTMENT OF TOXICOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Bipolar disorder; Glycogen synthase kinase 3; Inositol monophosphatase; Programmed cell death

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3; LITHIUM; LITHIUM CHLORIDE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITIDE; PROTEIN BCL 2; WNT PROTEIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TARGETING; ENERGY METABOLISM; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 18844435613     PISSN: 1214021X     EISSN: 12140287     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.32725/jab.2005.003     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Alda M., Grof P., Grof E. et al.: Mode of inheritance in families of patients with lithium-responsive affective disorders. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 90: 304-310, 1994.
2. Alda M., Grof E., Cavazzoniet P. al.: Autosomal recessive inheritance of affective disorders in families of responders to lithium prophylaxis? J. Affect. Disord. 44: 153-157, 1997.
3. Allison J.H. and. Stewart M.A.: Reduced brain inositol in lithium-treated rats. Nature 33: 267-268, 1971.
4. Atack J.R.: Inositol monophosphatase inhibitors: a novel treatment for bipolar disorder? Biol. Psychiatry 37: 761-763, 1995.
5. Avissar S., Schreiber G., Danon A., Belmaker R.H.: Lithium inhibits adrenergic and cholinergic increases in GTP binding in rat cortex. Nature 331: 440-442, 1988.
6. Bauer M., Forsthoff A., Baethge C. et al.: Lithium augmentation therapy in refractory depression-Update 2002. Eur. Arch. Clin. Neurosci. 253: 132-139, 2003.
7. Berridge M.J., Downes C.P., Hanley M.R.: Lithium amplifies agonist-dependent phosphatidylinositol responses in brain and salivary glands. Biochem. J. 206: 587-595, 1982.
8. Berridge M.J., Downes C.P., Hanley M.R.: Neural and developmental actions of lithium: a unifying hypothesis. Cell 59: 411-419, 1989.
9. Berridge M.J. and Irvine R.F.: Inositol trisphosphate, a novel second messenger in cellular signal transduction. Nature 312: 315-321, 1984.
10. Berry G.T., Buccafusca R., Greer J.J., Eccleston E..: Phosphoinositide deficiency due to inositol depletion is not a mechanism of lithium action in brain. Mol. Genet. Metab. 82: 87-92, 2004.
11. Bhat R.V., Budd Haeberlein S.L., Avila J.: Glycogen synthase kinase 3: a drug target for CNS therapies. J. Neurochem. 89: 1313-1317, 2004.
12. Bone R., Springer J.P., Atack J.R.: Structure of inositol monophosphatase the putative target of lithium therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 10031-10035, 1992.
13. Bone R., Frank L., Springer J.P., Atack J.R.: Structural studies of metal binding by inositol monophosphatase. Biochemistry 33: 9468-9476, 1994.
14. Bunney W.E.,. Pert A, Rosenblatt J., Pert C. B., Gallaper D.: Mode of action of lithium. Some biological considerations. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 36: 898-901, 1979.
15. Cade J.: Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Med. J. Aust. 2: 349- 352, 1949.
16. Cadigan K.M. and Nusse R.: Wnt signaling: a common theme in signal development. Genes Dev 11: 3286-3305, 1997.
17. Chen D.F., Schneider G.E., Martinou J.C., Tonegawa S.: Bcl-2 promotes regeneration of severed axons in mammalian CNS. Nature 385: 434-439, 1997.
18. Dajani R., Fraser E., Roe S.M. et al.: Crystal structure of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta: structural basis for phosphate-primed substrate specificity and autoinhibition. Cell 105: 721-732, 2001.
19. Davis J.M. and Fann W.E.: Lithium. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 11: 285-302, 1971.
20. De Ferrari G.V. , Chacon M.A., Barria M.I. et al.: Activation of Wnt signaling rescues neurodegeneration and behavioral impairments induced by beta-amyloid fibrils. Mol. Psychiatry. 8: 195-208, 2003.
21. Dehpour A.R., Emamian E.S., Ahmadi-Abhari S.A., Azizabadi-Farahani M.: The lithium ratio and the incidence of side effects. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 22: 959-970, 1998.
22. Dreno B., Chosidow O., Revuz J., Moyse D.: The study investigator group. Lithium gluconate 8% vs ketoconazole 2% in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis: a multicentre, randomized study. Br. J. Dermatol. 148: 1230-1236, 2003.
23. Drummond A.H.: Lithium affects G protein receptor coupling. Nature 331: 388, 1988.
24. Eldar-Finkelman H.: Glycogen synthase kinase 3: an emerging therapeutic target. Trends Mol. Med. 8: 126-132, 2002.
25. Frost R.E. and Messiha F.S.: Clinical uses of lithium salts. Brain Res. Bull. 11: 219-231, 1983.
26. Gallicchio V.S.: Transport of the lithium ion. In: Bach R.O. and V.C. Gallicchio (eds.): Lithium and cell physiology. Springer Verlag 1990, pp. 47-57.
27. Geisler A. and Mork A.: The interaction of lithium with magnesium-dependent enzymes. In: In: Bach R.O. and Gallicchio V.C. (eds.): Lithium and Cell Physiology. Springer Verlag 1990, pp.125-136.
28. Gomez-Ramos A., Smith M.A., Perry G., Avila J.: Tau phosphorylation and assembly. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Wars). 64: 33-39, 2004.
29. Gould T.D., Zarate C.A., Manji H.K.: Glycogen synthase kinase-3: a target for novel bipolar disorder treatments. J. Clin. Psychiatry 65: 10-21, 2004a.
30. Gould T.D., Quiroz J.A., Singh J., Zarate C.A., Manji H.K.: Emerging experimental therapeutics for bipolar disorder: insights from the molecular and cellular actions of current mood stabilizers. Mol . Psychiatry 9: 734-755, 2004b.
31. Grof P., Alda M., Grof E., Zvolsky P., Walsh M.: Lithium response and genetics od affective disorders. J. Affect. Disord. 32: 85-95, 1994.
32. Grof P., Hux M., Grof E., Arato M.: Prediction of response to stabilizing lithium treatment. Pharmacopsychiat. 16: 195-200, 1983.
33. Hallcher L.M. and Sherman W.R.: The effects of lithium ion and other agents on the activity of myo-inositol-1-phosphatase from bovine brain. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 10896-10901, 1980.
34. Harvey B.H., Meyer C.L., Gallichio V.S., Manji H.K.: Lithium salts in AIDS and AIDS-related dementia. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 36: 5-26, 2002.
35. Harwood A.J.: Life, the universe and development. Current Biol. 10: R116-R119, 2000.
36. Hedgepeth C., Conrad L., Zhang Z. et al.: Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway: a molecular mechanism for lithium action. Develop. Biol. 185: 82-91, 1997.
37. Hong M., Chen D.C., Klein P., Lee V.M.: Lithium reduces tau phosphorylation by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 25326-25332, 1997.
38. Johnson C.D., Puntis M., Davidson N., Todd S., Bryce R.: Randomized, dose-finding phase III study of lithium gamolenate in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Br. J. Surg. 88, 662-668, 2001
39. Johnson F.N., J.F.J. Cade: The historical background to lithium research and therapy. In: Johnson F.N. (ed.): Lithium research and therapy, Academic Press Inc. (London)1975, pp. 9-22.
40. Khachaturian Z. S.: An overview of Alzheimer's disease research. Am. J. Med. 104: 26S-31S, 1998.
41. Klein P.S. and Melton D.A.: A molecular mechanism for the effect of lithium on development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 8455-8459, 1996.
42. Koong S.S., Reynolds J.C., Movius E.G. et al.: Lithium as a potential adjuvant to 131I therapy of metastatic, well differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84: 912-916, 1999.
43. Lenox R. and Wang H.L.E.: molecular basis of lithium action: Integration of lithium- responsive signaling and gene expression networks. Molec. Psychiatry 8: 135-144, 2003.
44. Leroy K., Boutajangout A., Authelet M. et al.: The active form of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is associated with granulovacuolar degeneration in neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 103: 91-99, 2002.
45. Levy-Lahad E., Wasco W., Poorkaj P. et al.: Candidate gene for the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer's disease locus. Science 269: 973-977, 1995.
46. Liu S.J., Zhang A.H., Li H.L. et al.: Overactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by inhibition of phosphoinositol-3 kinase and protein kinase C leads to hyperphosphorylation of tau and impairment of spatial memory. J. Neurochem. 87:1333-1344, 2003.
47. Lovestone S., Davis D.R., Webster M.T. et al.: Lithium reduces tau phosphorylation: effects in living cells and in neurons at therapeutic concentrations. Biol. Psychiatry 45: 995-1003, 1999.
48. Manji H.K. and Lenox R.H.: Long-term action of lithium: a role for transcriptional and posttranscriptional factors regulated by protein kinase C. Synapse 16: 11-28, 1994.
49. Manji H.K., Potter W.Z., Lenox R.H.: Signal transduction pathways. Molecular targets for lithium's actions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 52: 531-543, 1995.
50. Manji H. K., Moore G. J., Chen G.: Lithium up-regulates the cytoprotective protein Bcl-2 in the CNS in vivo: a role for neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in manic depressive illness. J. Clin. Psychiatry 61, Suppl 9: 82-96, 2000.
51. Miller J.R., Hocking A.M., Brown J.D., Moon R.T.: Mechanism and function of signal transduction by the Wnt/beta-catenin and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways. Oncogene 18: 7860-7872, 1999.
52. Morgan T.H.: The relation between normal and abnormal development of the embryo of the frog, as determined by the effect of lithium chloride in solution. Arch. Entwickl. 16: 691-716, 1902.
53. Mudher A., Shepherd D., Newman T.A. et al.: GSK-3beta inhibition reverses axonal transport defects and behavioural phenotypes in Drosophila. Mol. Psychiatry 9: 522-530, 2004.
54. Munoz-Montano J.R., Moreno F.J., Avila J., Diaz-Nido J.: Lithium inhibits Alzheimer's disease-like tau protein phosphorylation in neurons. FEBS Lett. 411: 183-188, 1997.
55. Murayama M., Tanaka S., Palacino J. et al.: Direct association of presenilin 1 with beta-catenin. FEBS Lett. 433: 73-77, 1998.
56. Nieoullon A.: Alzheimer's disease: neurobiological advances supporting proposals for new therapeutical approaches. J. Appl. Biomed. 2: 123-130, 2004.
57. Norton B. and Whaley L.J.: Mortality of lithium-treated population. Br. J. Psychiatry 145: 277-282, 1984.
58. O'Brien W.T., Harper A.D., Jove F. et al.: Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta haploinsufficiency mimics the behavioral and molecular effects of lithium. J. Neurosci. 24: 6791-6798, 2004.
59. Pap M. and Cooper G.M.: Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt cell survival pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 19929-19932, 1998.
60. Passmore M.J., Garnham J., Duffy A. et al.: Phenotypic spectra of bipolar disorder in responders to lithium versus lamotrigine. Bipolar Disord. 5: 110-114, 2003.
61. Patočka J., Klár I., Strunecká A.: Molekulární mechanismy biologického účinku lithia. Čs. Fyziol. 51: 122-129, 2002.
62. Pei J.J., Tanaka T., Tung Y.C. et al.: Distribution, levels, and activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the Alzheimer disease brain. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56: 70-78, 1997.
63. Perez M., Hernandez F., Lim F., Diaz-Nido J., Avila J.: Chronic lithium treatment decreases mutant tau protein aggregation in a transgenic mouse model. J Alzheimers Dis. 5:301-308, 2003.
64. Phiel C.J., C.A. Wilson, V.M. Lee, P.S. Klein: GSK-3alpha regulates production of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides. Nature 423: 435-439, 2003.
65. Phiel C.J. and Klein P.S.: Molecular targets of lithium therapy. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 41: 789-813, 2001.
66. Pieri-Balandraud N., Hugueny P., Henry J.F., Tournebise H., Dupont C.: Hyperparathyroidism induced by lithium. A new case. Rev. Med. Interne 22: 460-464, 2001.
67. Plenge P.: Lithium effects on brain energy metabolism. In: Gabay S., J. Harris, B.T. Ho (eds.): Metal Ions in Neurology and Psychiatry, Alan R. Liss, Inc. New York 1985, pp. 153-164.
68. Price L.H. and Heninger G.R.: Lithium in the treatment of mood disorders. Drug Therapy 331: 591-598, 1994.
69. Rana R.S. and Hokin L.E.: Role of phosphoinositides in transmembrane signaling. Physiol. Rev. 70: 115-164, 1990.
70. Selkoe D.J.: Notch and presenilins in vertebrates and invertebrates: implications for neuronal development and degeneration. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10: 50-57, 2000.
71. Schou M.: Biology and pharmacology of lithium ion. Pharmacol. Rev. 9: 17-58, 1957.
72. Schou M.: Clinical aspects of lithium in psychiatry. In: Birch N.J. (ed): Lithium and the Cell. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press Onc. 1-6, 1991.
73. Schou M., Juel-Nielsen N., Stromgren E., Voldby H.: The treatment of manic psychoses by the administration of lithium salts. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 17: 250-260, 1954.
74. Schrauzer G.N.: Lithium: occurrence, dietary intakes, nutritional essentiality. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 21:14-21, 2002.
75. Shaldubina A., Agam G., Belmaker R.H.: The mechanism of lithium action: state of the art, ten years later. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 25:855-866, 2001.
76. Sherman W.R., Gish B.G., Honchar M.P., Munsell L.Y.: Effects of lithium on phosphoinositide metabolism in vivo. Federation Proc. 45: 2639-2646, 1986.
77. Sjoholt G., Guldbransen A.K., Lovlie R. et al.: A human myo-inositol monophosphatase gene (IMPA2) localized in a putative susceptibility region for bipolar disorder on chromosome 18p11.2: genomic structure and polymorphism screening in manic-depressive patients. Mol. Psychiatry 5: 172-180, 2000.
78. Soares, J.C., Mallinger A.G., Dippold C.S. et al.: Effects of lithium on platelet membrane phosphoinositides in bipolar disorder patients: a pilot study. Psychopharmacol. 149: 12-16, 2000.
79. Sperber B.R., Leight S., Goedert M., Lee V.M.Y.: Glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylates tau protein at multiple sites in intact cells. Neurosci Lett. 197: 149-153, 1995.
80. Stambolic V., Ruel L., Woodgett J.: Lithium inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity and mimics wingless signaling in intact cells. Curr. Biol. 6:1664-1668, 1997.
81. Strunecká A. and Patočka J.: Lithium a Alzheimerova choroba. Psychiatrie 8: 11-14, 2004.
82. Strunecká A., Řípová D., Haškovec L.: Incorporation of 32P-orthophosphate into phosphoinositides in platelets of depressive patients before and after 10-day lithium administration. Med. Sci. Res. 15: 197-198, 1987.
83. Su Y., Ryder J., Li B. et al.: Lithium, a common drug for bipolar disorder treatment, regulates amyloid-beta precursor protein processing. Biochemistry 43: 6899-6908, 2004.
84. Takashima A., Murayama M., Murayama O. et al.: Presenilin 1 associates with glycogen synthase Idnase-3beta and its substrate tau. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 9637-9641, 1998.
85. Tosteson D.S.: Lithium and mania. Sci. Amer. 244: 130-140, 1981.
86. Turecki G., Grof P., Grof E. et al.: Mapping susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder: a pharmacogenetic approach based on excellent response to lithium. Mol. Psychiatry 6: 570-578, 2001.
87. Wikramanayake A.H., Hong M., Lee P.N. et al.: An ancient role for nuclear beta-catenin in the evolution of axial polarity and germ layer segregation. Nature 426: 446-450, 2003.
88. Williams R.S., Cheng L., Mudge A.W., Harwood A.J.: A common mechanism of action for three mood-stabilizing drugs. Nature 417: 292-295, 2002.
89. Williams R, Ryves W.J., Dalton E.C. et al.: A molecular cell biology of lithium. Biochem. Soc. Trans. Pt 5: 799-802, 2004.
90. Woodget J.R.: Physiological roles of glycogen synthase kinase-3: potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes and bipolar disorder. Curr. Drug Targets Immun. Endocr. Metabol. Disord. 3: 281-290, 2003.
91. Yu G., Chen F., Levesque G. et al.: The presenilin 1 protein is a component of a high molecular weight intracellular complex that contains beta-catenin. J. Biol. Chem. 273:16470-16475, 1998.
92. Yung C.Y.: A review of clinical trials of lithium in neurology. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 21 Suppl 1:57-64, 1984..