Emerging drugs in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 381-392

  Dummer, Reinhard ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Bexarotene; CTCL; Denileukin diftitox; Histone deacetylase inhibitors; IL 12; Imiquimod; Interferon; Mycosis fungoides; Retinoids; S zary syndrome

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; ALPHA INTERFERON; ALPHA2A INTERFERON; BEXAROTENE; CARMUSTINE; CD30 ANTIGEN; CD4 ANTIGEN; CHLORAMBUCIL; CPG 7909; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DAUNORUBICIN; DENILEUKIN DIFTITOX; DOXORUBICIN; FR 901228; GAMMA INTERFERON; GENE PRODUCT; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; IMIDAZOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; IMIQUIMOD; IMMUNOTOXIN; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; METHOTREXATE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; OKT 4; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; ONTAC; PEGINTERFERON; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA2A; PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT; PREDNISONE; PSORALEN; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 12; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 2; RETINOIC ACID; RETINOID; STEROID; TAZAROTENE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VORINOSTAT;

ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARTHRALGIA; BLOOD TOXICITY; CARDIOTOXICITY; CELL ACTIVATION; CHILL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CLONAL ANERGY; CPG ISLAND; CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; CYTOPENIA; DENDRITIC CELL; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG TOLERABILITY; FATIGUE; FEVER; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; HEADACHE; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; INFECTION; LIVER TOXICITY; LOW DRUG DOSE; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; MYALGIA; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NAUSEA; NONHUMAN; PHOTOTHERAPY; PUVA; REMISSION; REVIEW; SEZARY SYNDROME; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN IRRITATION; T CELL LYMPHOMA; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION; TH1 CELL; TREATMENT PLANNING; VACCINATION; VIRUS REACTIVATION; VOMITING; WORINGER KOLOPP DISEASE;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CLINICAL TRIALS; DRUG INDUSTRY; DRUGS, INVESTIGATIONAL; HUMANS; LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, CUTANEOUS; SKIN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 18844432775     PISSN: 14728214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728214.10.2.381     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. WILLEMZE R, JAFFE ES, BURG G et al.: WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Blood (2005) (in press). Very import publication that introduces the worldwide accepted classification for primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.
2. BEKKENK MW, GEELEN FA, VAN VOORST VADER PC et al.: Primary and secondary cutaneous CD30(+) lymphoproliferative disorders: a report from the Dutch Cutaneous Lymphoma Group on the long-term follow-up data of 219 patients and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Blood(2000) 95(12):3653-366l.
3. VONDERHEID EC, BERNENGO MG, BURG G et al.: Update on erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: report of The International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2002) 46(1):95-106. This paper defines the criteria for the diagnosis of SS.
4. KAYE FJ, BUNN PJ, STEINBERG SM et al.: A randomized trial comparing combination electron-beam radiation and chemotherapy with topical therapy in the initial treatment of mycosis fungoides. N. Engl. J. Med. (1989) 321(26):366-372.
5. DUMMER R, KEMPF W, HESS SCHMID M, HAFFNER A, BURG G: Therapy of cutaneous lymphoma - current practice and future developments. Onkologie (2003) 26(4):1784-1790.
6. DUMMER R, DÖBBELING U, GEERTSEN R, WILLERS J, BURG G, PAVLOVIC J: Interferon resistance of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-derived clonal T-helper 2 cells allows selective viral replication. Blood (2001) 97:523-527.
7. ZHANG C, DUVIC M: Retinoids: therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Dermatol. Ther. (2003) 16(4):322-330.
8. ZHANG C, HAZARIKA P, NI X, WEIDNER DA, DUVIC M: Induction of apoptosis by bexarotene in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells: relevance to mechanism of therapeutic action. Clin. Cancer. Res. (2002) 8(5):1234-1240.
9. DUVIC M, MARTIN AG, KIM Y et al.: Phase II and III clinical trial of oral bexarotene (targeting capsules) for the treatment of refractory or persistent early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Arch. Dermatol. (2001) 137(5):581-593.
10. DUVIC M, HYMES K, HEALD P et al.: Bexarotene is effective and safe for treatment of refractory advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: multinational Phase II-III trial results. J. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 19(9):2456-2471.
11. HEALD P, MEHLMAUER M, MARTIN AG, CROWLEY CA, YOCUM RC, REICH SD: Topical bexarotene therapy for patients with refractory or persistent early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: results of the Phase III clinical trial. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2003) 49(5):801-815.
12. APISARNTHANARAX N, TALPUR R, WARD S, NI X, KIM HW, DUVIC M: Tazarotene 0.1% gel for refractory mycosis fungoides lesions: an open-label pilot study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2004) 50(4):600-607.
13. MARKS PA, RICHON VM, MILLER T, KELLY WK: Histone deacetylase Inhibitors. Adv. Cancer. Res. (2004) 91:137-168. Important introduction to HDACs.
14. BAYES M, RABASSEDA X, PROUS JR: Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. (2004) 26(5):357-391.
15. WOLLINA U, DUMMER R, BROCKMEYER NH et al.: Multicenter study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Cancer (2003) 98(5):993-1001. Interesting study on the efficacy of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in CTCL.
16. OLSEN E, DUVIC M, FRANKEL A et al.: Pivotal Phase III trial of two dose levels of denileukin diftitox for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 19(2):376-388.
17. LUNDIN J, HAGBERG H, REPP R et al.: Phase II study of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) in patients with advanced mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome. Blood (2003) 101(11):4267-4272.
18. LENIHAN DJ, ALENCAR AJ, YANG D, KURZROCK R, KEATING MJ, DUVIC M: Cardiac toxicity of alemtuzumab in patients with mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome. Blood (2004) 104(3):655-658.
19. KENNEDY GA, SEYMOUR JF, WOLF M et al.: Treatment of patients with advanced mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome with alemtuzumab. Eur. J. Haematol. (2003) 71(4):250-256.
20. BARTH S, HUHN M, MATTHEY B et al.: Ki-4(Scfv)-eta', a new recombinant anti-CD30 immunotoxin with highly specific cytotoxic activity against disseminated Hodgkin tumors in SCID mice. Blood (2000) 95(12):3909-3914.
21. ASADULLAH K, DOCKE WD, VOLK HD, STERRY W: Cytokines and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Exp. Dermatol. (1998) 7(6):314-320.
22. VONDERHEID EC, BIGLER RD, GREENBERG AS, NEUKUM SJ, MICAILY B: Extracorporeal photopheresis and recombinant interferon alfa 2b in Sezary syndrome. Use of dual marker labeling to monitor therapeutic response. Am J. Clin. Oncol. (1994) 17(3):255-263.
23. DUMMER R, HEALD PW, NESTLE FO et al.: Sézary syndrome's T-cell clones display T helper 2 cytokines and express the accessory factor-1 (interferon gamma receptor beta chain). Blood (1996) 88:1383-1389. Detection of Th2 cytokines in Sézary derived T-cell clones.
24. UROSEVIC M, WILLERS J, MUELLER B, KEMPF W, BURG G, DUMMER R: HLA-γ protein upregulation in primary cutaneous lymphomas is associated with interleukin-10 expression in large cell T-cell lymphomas and indolent B-cell lymphomas. Blood (2002) 99(2):609-617.
25. DE VRIES JE: Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of interleukin 10. Annals Of Medicine (1995) 27(5):537-541.
26. MOOREKW, O'GARRA A, DE WAAL R, VIEIRA P, MOSMANN TR: Interleukin-10. Ann. Rev. Immunol. (1996) 135(4):572-575.
27. ROMAGNANI S: Human Th1 and Th2 subsets: regulation of differentiation and role in protection and immunopathology. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (1992) 98(4):279-285.
28. DUMMER R, LAINE E, DÖBBELING U, BURG G, NESTLE F: T-cell relevant cytokines during extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in Sézary syndrome, detetcted by a newly developed PCR-ELISA technique. J. Invest. Dermatol. (1995) 104:653.
29. DUMMER R, KOHL O, GILLISSON J, KÄGI M, BURG G: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells in non-leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients: reduced proliferation and preferential secretion of a T helper 2 like cytokine pattern on stimulation. Arch. Dermatol. (1993) 129:433-436.
30. STANLEY MA: Imiquimod and the imidazoquinolones: mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. (2002) 27(7):571-577.
31. HEMMI H, KAISHO T, TAKEUCHI O et al.: Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 Myd88-dependent signaling pathway. Nat. Immunol. (2002) 3(2):196-200.
32. HENGGE UR, BENNINGHOFF B, RUZICKA T, GOOS M: Topical immunomodulators- progress towards treating inflammation, infection, and cancer. Lancet Infect. Dis. (2001) 1(3):189-198.
33. SUZUKI H, WANG B, SHIVJI GM et al.: Imiquimod, a topical immune response modifier, induces migration of langerhans cells. J. Invest. Dermatol. (2000) 114(1):135-141.
34. SUCHIN KR, JUNKINS-HOPKINS JM, ROOK AH: Treatment of stage Ia cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with topical application of the immune response modifier imiquimod. Arch. Dermatol. (2002) 138(9):1137-1139.
35. DUMMER R, UROSEVIC M, KEMPF W, KAZAKOV D, BURG G: Imiquimod induces complete clearance of a puva-resistant plaque in mycosis fungoides. Dermatology (2003) 207(1):116-118.
36. CHONG A, LOO WJ, BANNEY L, GRANT JW, NORRIS PG: Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of mycosis fungoides - a pilot study. J. Dermatolog. Treat. (2004) 15(2):118-119.
37. DUMMER R, HASSEL JC, FELLENBERG F et al.: Adenovirus-mediated intralesional interferon-gamma gene transfer induces tumor regressions in cutaneous lymphomas. Blood (2004) 104(6):1631-1638. First report on successful gene therapy approaches in primary CTCLs.
38. MOTZER RJ, RAKHIT A, THOMPSON J et al.: Phase II trial of branched peginterferon-alpha 2a (40 kDa) for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ann. Oncol. (2002) 13(11):1799-1805.
39. BRUNDA MJ: Interleukin-12. J. Leukocyte Biol. (1994) 55(2):280-288.
40. ROOK AH, ZAKI MH, WYSOCKA M et al.: The role for interleukin-12 therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (2001) 941:177-184.
41. TREFZER U, WALDEN P: Hybrid-cell vaccines for cancer immune therapy. Mol. Biotechnol. (2003) 25(1):63-69.
42. MAIER T, TUN KYI A, TASSIS A et al.: Vaccination of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma using intranodal injection of autologous tumor-lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Blood (2003) 102:2338-2344.
43. ZACKHEIM HS, KASHANI SABET M, AMIN S: Topical corticosteroids for mycosis fungoides. Experience in 79 patients. Arch. Dermatol. (1998) 134(8):949-954.
44. ZACKHEIM HS, EPSTEIN EJ, CRAIN WR: Topical carmustine (BCNU) for cutaneous T cell lymphoma: a 15-year experience in 143 patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1990) 22:802-810.
45. VONDERHEID EC, TAN ET, KANTOR AF, SHRAGER L, MICAILY B, VAN SCOTT EJ: Long-term efficacy, curative potential, and carcinogenicity of topical mechlorethamine chemotherapy in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1989) 20(3):416-428.
46. HONIGSMANN H, BRENNER W, RAUSCHMEIER W, KONRAD K, WOLFF K: Photochemotherapy for cutaneous T cell lymphoma. A follow-up study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1984) 10(2 Pt 1):238-245.
47. RAMSAY DI, LISH KM, YALOWITZ CB, SOTER NA: Ultraviolet-B phototherapy for early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Arch. Dermatol. (1992) 128(7):931-933.
48. HOFER A, CERRONI L, KERL H, WOLF P: Narrowband (311-nM) UV-B therapy for small plaque parapsoriasis and early-stage mycosis fungoides. Arch. Dermatol. (1999) 135(11):1377-1380.
49. CLARK C, DAWE RS, EVANS AT, LOWE G, FERGUSON J: Narrowband Tl-01 phototherapy for patch-stage mycosis fungoides. Arch. Dermatol. (2000) 136(6):748-752.
50. BRENEMAN D, DUVIC M, KUZEL T, YOCUM R, TRUGLIA J, STEVENS VJ: Phase I and 2 trial of bexarotene gel for skin-directed treatment of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Arch. Dermatol. (2002) 138(3):325-332.
51. DUMMER R, KRASOVEC M, RÖGER J, SINDERMANN H, BURG G: Topical application of hexadecylphosphocholine in patients with cutaneous lymphomas: results of a Phase I/II study. J. American Acad. Dermatol. (1993) 29(12):963-970.
52. HODAK E, PHENIG E, AMICHAI B et al.: Unilesional mycosis fungoides: a study of seven cases. Dermatology (2000) 201(4):300-306.
53. HEALD PW, GLUSAC EJ: Unilesional cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: clinical features, therapy, and follow-up of 10 patients with a treatment-responsive mycosis fungoides variant. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2000) 42(2 Pt 1):283-285.
54. GOLDSCHMIDT H: Radiation therapy of other cutaneous tumors. In: Modern dermatologic radiation therapy. Goldschmidt H, Panizzon R (Eds), Springer Verlag, New York, Inc., Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany (1991):123-132.
55. CERRONI L, FINK PUCHES R, EL SHABRAWI CAELEN L, SOYER HP, LEBOIT PE, KERL H: Solitary skin lesions with histopathologic features of early mycosis fungoides. Am. J. Dermatopathol. (1999) 21(6):518-524.
56. RAJAN G, SEIFERT B, PRÜMMER O, JOLLER-JEMELKA H, BURG G, DUMMER R: Incidence and in-vivo relevance of anti-interferon antibodies during treatment of low-grade cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with interferon-alpha 2a combined with acetretin or puva. Arch. Derm. Res. (1996) 288:543-548.
57. STADLER R, OTTE HG, LUGER T et al.: Prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial on the use of interferon-2a plus acitretin versus interferon-2a plus puva in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma stages I and II. Blood (1998) 92(10):3578-3581. Prospective randomised trial.
58. KUZEL TM, ROENIGK HH Jr, SAMUELSON E et al.: Effectiveness of interferon alfa-2a combined with phototherapy for mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. J. Clin. Oncol. (1995) 13(1):257-263.
59. ROENIGK H, KUZEL TM, SKOUTELIS AP et al.: Photochemotherapy alone or combined with interferon alpha-2a in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J. Invest. Dermatol. (1990) 95:S198-S205.
60. ZACKHEIM HS, KASHANI SABET M, MCMILLAN A: Low-dose methotrexate to treat mycosis fungoides: a retrospective study in 69 patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2003) 49(5):873-878.
61. KIROVA YM, PIEDBOIS Y, PAN Q, GUO L, LE BOURGEOIS JP: Radiotherapie des lymphomes cutanes. Cancer Radiother. (1999) 3(2):105-111.
62. FRASER ANDREWS E, SEED P, WHITTAKER S, RUSSELL JONES R: Extracorporeal photopheresis in Sezary syndrome. No significant effect in the survival of 44 patients with a peripheral blood T-cell clone. Arch. Dermatol. (1998) 134(8):1001-1005.
63. HEALD P, ROOK A, PEREZ M et al.: Treatment of erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with extracorporeal photochemotherapy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1992) 27(3):427-433.
64. KNOBLER R, GIRARDI M: Extracorporeal photochemoimmunotherapy in cutaneous T cell lymphomas. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (2001) 941:123-138.
65. RUSSELL JONES R: Extracorporeal photopheresis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Inconsistent data underline the need for randomized studies. Br. J. Dermatol. (2000) 142(1):16-21.
66. STEVENS SR, BOWEN GM, DUVIC M et al.: Effectiveness of photopheresis in Sezary syndrome. Arch. Dermatol. (1999) 135(8):995-997.
67. CHINN DM, CHOW S, KIM YH, HOPPE RT: Total skin electron beam therapy with or without adjuvant topical nitrogen mustard or nitrogen mustard alone as initial treatment of T2 and T3 mycosis rungoides. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. (1999) 43(5):951-958.
68. JONES GW, ROSENTHAL D, WILSON LD: Total skin electron radiation for patients with erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome). Cancer (1999) 85(9):1985-1995.
69. COORS EA, VON DEN DRIESCH P: Treatment of erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with intermittent chlorambucil and fluocortolone therapy. Br. J. Dermatol. (2000) 143(1):127-131.
70. BUNN PJ, HOFFMAN SJ, NORRIS D, GOLITZ LE, AELING JL: Systemic therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome). Ann. Intern. Med. (1994) 121(8):592-602.
71. FIERRO MT, QUAGLINO P, SAVOIA P, VERRONE A, BERNENGO MG: Systemic polychemotherapy in the treatment of primary cutaneous lymphomas: a clinical follow-up study of 81 patients treated with COP or CHOP. Leuk. Lymphoma (1998) 31(5-6):583-588.
72. KUZEL TM, HURRIA A, SAMUELSON E et al.: Phase II trial of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood (1996)87(3):906-911.