Petro-politics in Congo

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 1997, Pages

  Clark, John ^a  

^a FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 18744434835     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.1997.0038     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Figures are from African Contemporary Record, 1971-1972 (London: Africana Publishing, 1972), B501.
2. Pre-1990s figures are from ibid. (various years); figures for the 1990s are from Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report: Congo (London: Economist Intelligence Unit, various years).
3. Abraham Okoko-Esseau, "The Christian Churches and Democratisation in Congo," in Paul Gifford, ed., The Christian Churches and the Democratisation of Africa (Leiden, the Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1995), 152. Okoko-Esseau's figures are reported in CFA francs; he puts revenues for 1985 at 200 billion CFA francs and those for 1989 at only 39 billion.
4. A score of 1 indicates complete human development; the "most developed" countries score above .98. Figures from United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 1993 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), 136-37.
5. René Gauze, Virginia Thompson, and Richard Adloff, The Politics of Congo- Brazzaville (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1973), 1.
6. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 1993, 103.
7. Samuel Decalo, Virginia Thompson, and Richard Adloff, Historical Dictionary of Congo (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 1996), 138.
8. R.M. Auty, Resource-Based Industrialization: Sowing the Oil in Eight Developing Countries (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), 265.
9. Antoine Makonda, "Une école 'pour le peuple'?" Politique africaine 31 (October 1988): 40.
10. Hazem Beblawi, in Hazem Beblawi and Giacomo Luciani, eds., The Rentier State, vol. 2, Nation, State and Integration in the Arab World (London: Croom Helm, 1987), 53.
11. Douglas A. Yates, The Rentier State in Africa: Oil Rent Dependency and Neocolonialism in the Republic of Gabon (Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press, 1996), 124.
12. Decalo, Thompson, and Adloff, Historical Dictionary of Congo, xxii.
13. Sarah Ahmad Khan, Nigeria: The Political Economy of Oil (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), 10.
14. Gauze, Thompson, and Adloff, The Politics of Congo-Brazzaville, 65-70.
15. Calixte Baniafouna, Congo démocratie: Les déboires de l'apprentissage (Paris: Harmattan, 1995), 213-14.
16. African Contemporary Record (various years).