The elections of 1997

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 1997, Pages

  Lawson, Chappell ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 18744426814     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.1997.0061     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Author's interviews with three citizen councillors, Mexico City, 6 July 1997.
2. This 23 percent figure is actually lower than the PRI's share of the vote. For 1988 figures, see Ilya Adler, "The Mexican Case: The Media in the 1988 Presidential Election," in Thomas Skidmore, ed., Television, Politics and the Transition to Democracy in Latin America (Baltimore and Washington: Johns Hopkins University Press and Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1993); for recent data, see various reports by Mexico's nonpartisan watchdog group Alianza Cívica and by the Federal Electoral Institute. The 23 percent figure for 1997 is based on the percentage of the total time dedicated to political parties or candidates on 16 different television programs in Mexico from 16 March to 21 June 1997, as calculated by the IFE. Including provincial media in the sample would probably increase the PRI's portion, but not dramatically.
3. See Kathleen Bruhn, Taking on Goliath: The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997).
4. In the by-elections of 1991, the PRI won 46.3 percent of the capital; in the presidential elections of 1994, it won 39.5 percent. National-level returns were generally 10 to 15 percent higher.
5. Poll of 776 DF residents conducted by Reforma newspaper/Chappell Lawson, March 1997.
6. According to officials at the Office of the Presidency, the Zedillo administration toyed with the notion of "imposing" a politically inexperienced technocrat as the PRI candidate. After extensive testing with focus groups, however, presidential advisors concluded that no PRI candidate, whatever his background, had a reasonable chance of winning the election. Rather than risk his presidential prestige on a sure loser, Zedillo allowed the party regulars to put forward their own favorite.
7. See Jorge I. Domínguez and James A. McCann, Democratizing Mexico: Public-Opinion and Electoral Choices (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996). According to polls conducted by MORI of Mexico this year, many among the 40 percent of Mexico City residents who say that they would never vote for the PRI remain undecided about which opposition party they prefer.
8. Although the networks broadcast a postdebate response by Castillo, panel surveys conducted by Reforma before and after the debate suggest that his remarks failed to garner support for his flagging candidacy.
9. See Adolfo Aguilar Zinzer, Vamos a ganar (Mexico City: Grijalbo, 1996).
10. See Joseph Klesner, "The 1994 Elections: Manifestation of a Divided Society," Estudios Mexicanos/Mexican Studies 11 (Winter 1995): 137-49.
11. Author's interview with Daniel Lund, Mexico City, 9 July 1997.
12. See Philippe C. Schmitter and Guillermo O'Donnell, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions About Uncertain Democracies (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986).
13. See, among others, Wayne A. Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1996); Wayne A. Cornelius and Ann L. Craig, The Mexican Political System in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1991); Wayne A. Cornelius, Judith Gentleman, and Peter Smith, eds., Mexico's Alternative Political Futures (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California at San Diego, 1989); Roderic Ai Camp, Politics in Mexico (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Jaime Sánchez Susarrey, La transición incierta (Mexico City: Vuelta, 1991); Dan La Botz, Democracy in Mexico: Peasant Rebellion and Political Reform (Boston: South End, 1996); George Grayson, Prospects for Democracy in Mexico (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1990); Dan A. Colthran, Political Stability and Democracy in Mexico: The Perfect Dictatorship? (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994).
14. See, among others, Wayne A. Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1996); Wayne A. Cornelius and Ann L. Craig, The Mexican Political System in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1991); Wayne A. Cornelius, Judith Gentleman, and Peter Smith, eds., Mexico's Alternative Political Futures (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California at San Diego, 1989); Roderic Ai Camp, Politics in Mexico (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Jaime Sánchez Susarrey, La transición incierta (Mexico City: Vuelta, 1991); Dan La Botz, Democracy in Mexico: Peasant Rebellion and Political Reform (Boston: South End, 1996); George Grayson, Prospects for Democracy in Mexico (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1990); Dan A. Colthran, Political Stability and Democracy in Mexico: The Perfect Dictatorship? (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994).
15. See, among others, Wayne A. Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1996); Wayne A. Cornelius and Ann L. Craig, The Mexican Political System in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1991); Wayne A. Cornelius, Judith Gentleman, and Peter Smith, eds., Mexico's Alternative Political Futures (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California at San Diego, 1989); Roderic Ai Camp, Politics in Mexico (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Jaime Sánchez Susarrey, La transición incierta (Mexico City: Vuelta, 1991); Dan La Botz, Democracy in Mexico: Peasant Rebellion and Political Reform (Boston: South End, 1996); George Grayson, Prospects for Democracy in Mexico (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1990); Dan A. Colthran, Political Stability and Democracy in Mexico: The Perfect Dictatorship? (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994).
16. See, among others, Wayne A. Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1996); Wayne A. Cornelius and Ann L. Craig, The Mexican Political System in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1991); Wayne A. Cornelius, Judith Gentleman, and Peter Smith, eds., Mexico's Alternative Political Futures (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California at San Diego, 1989); Roderic Ai Camp, Politics in Mexico (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Jaime Sánchez Susarrey, La transición incierta (Mexico City: Vuelta, 1991); Dan La Botz, Democracy in Mexico: Peasant Rebellion and Political Reform (Boston: South End, 1996); George Grayson, Prospects for Democracy in Mexico (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1990); Dan A. Colthran, Political Stability and Democracy in Mexico: The Perfect Dictatorship? (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994).
17. See, among others, Wayne A. Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1996); Wayne A. Cornelius and Ann L. Craig, The Mexican Political System in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1991); Wayne A. Cornelius, Judith Gentleman, and Peter Smith, eds., Mexico's Alternative Political Futures (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California at San Diego, 1989); Roderic Ai Camp, Politics in Mexico (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Jaime Sánchez Susarrey, La transición incierta (Mexico City: Vuelta, 1991); Dan La Botz, Democracy in Mexico: Peasant Rebellion and Political Reform (Boston: South End, 1996); George Grayson, Prospects for Democracy in Mexico (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1990); Dan A. Colthran, Political Stability and Democracy in Mexico: The Perfect Dictatorship? (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994).
18. See, among others, Wayne A. Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1996); Wayne A. Cornelius and Ann L. Craig, The Mexican Political System in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1991); Wayne A. Cornelius, Judith Gentleman, and Peter Smith, eds., Mexico's Alternative Political Futures (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California at San Diego, 1989); Roderic Ai Camp, Politics in Mexico (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Jaime Sánchez Susarrey, La transición incierta (Mexico City: Vuelta, 1991); Dan La Botz, Democracy in Mexico: Peasant Rebellion and Political Reform (Boston: South End, 1996); George Grayson, Prospects for Democracy in Mexico (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1990); Dan A. Colthran, Political Stability and Democracy in Mexico: The Perfect Dictatorship? (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994).
19. See, among others, Wayne A. Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1996); Wayne A. Cornelius and Ann L. Craig, The Mexican Political System in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1991); Wayne A. Cornelius, Judith Gentleman, and Peter Smith, eds., Mexico's Alternative Political Futures (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California at San Diego, 1989); Roderic Ai Camp, Politics in Mexico (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Jaime Sánchez Susarrey, La transición incierta (Mexico City: Vuelta, 1991); Dan La Botz, Democracy in Mexico: Peasant Rebellion and Political Reform (Boston: South End, 1996); George Grayson, Prospects for Democracy in Mexico (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1990); Dan A. Colthran, Political Stability and Democracy in Mexico: The Perfect Dictatorship? (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994).
20. See, among others, Wayne A. Cornelius, Mexican Politics in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1996); Wayne A. Cornelius and Ann L. Craig, The Mexican Political System in Transition (La Jolla: University of California, San Diego, 1991); Wayne A. Cornelius, Judith Gentleman, and Peter Smith, eds., Mexico's Alternative Political Futures (La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California at San Diego, 1989); Roderic Ai Camp, Politics in Mexico (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Jaime Sánchez Susarrey, La transición incierta (Mexico City: Vuelta, 1991); Dan La Botz, Democracy in Mexico: Peasant Rebellion and Political Reform (Boston: South End, 1996); George Grayson, Prospects for Democracy in Mexico (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1990); Dan A. Colthran, Political Stability and Democracy in Mexico: The Perfect Dictatorship? (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994).